Kosmik: 1999 yil - Space: 1999 - Wikipedia

Bu maqola uchun qo'shimcha iqtiboslar kerak tekshirish. Iltimos yordam bering ushbu maqolani yaxshilang tomonidan ishonchli manbalarga iqtiboslarni qo'shish. Resurs manbasi bo'lmagan material shubha ostiga olinishi va olib tashlanishi mumkin. Manbalarni toping: "Kosmik: 1999"  – Yangiliklar  · gazetalar  · kitoblar  · olim  · JSTOR (2017 yil avgust) (Ushbu shablon xabarini qanday va qachon olib tashlashni bilib oling)

Kosmik: 1999 yil
Birinchi yil sarlavhasi ekrani
Janr	ilmiy fantastika, Sarguzasht, Drama
Tomonidan yaratilgan	Gerri va Silviya Anderson
Tomonidan yozilgan	Gerri va Silviya Anderson, Pip va Jeyn Beyker, Toni Barvik, Johnny Byrne, Terrance Dicks, Terens Fili, Fred Frayberger, Donald Jeyms, Bob Kellett, Thom Keyes, Jessi L. Laski, kichik, Edvard di Lorenzo, Keyt Maylz, Kristofer Penfold, Pat Kumush-Laski, Entoni Terpiloff, Art Wallace, Devid Vayr
Rejissor	Rey Ostin, Tom Klegg, Kevin Konnor, Charlz Krixton, Val mehmon, Li X. Katzin, Bob Kellett, Robert Lin, Piter Medak, Devid Tomblin
Bosh rollarda	Martin Landau Barbara Bain Barri Mors Ketrin Schell Prentis Xenkok Klifton Jons Zienia Merton Anton Fillips Nik Teyt Suzanna Roket Toni Anxolt Jefferi Kisson Alibe Parsons Yasuko Nagazumi
Bastakorlar	Barri Grey (Birinchi yil) Derek Uodsvort (Ikkinchi yil)
Ishlab chiqaruvchi mamlakat; ta'minotchi mamlakat	Birlashgan Qirollik, Italiya
Asl til	Ingliz tili
Yo'q fasllar	2
Yo'q epizodlar	48 (qismlar ro'yxati )
Ishlab chiqarish
Ijrochi prodyuser	Gerri Anderson
Ishlab chiqaruvchilar	Silviya Anderson (Birinchi yil) Fred Frayberger (Ikkinchi yil)
Kinematografiya	Frank Uotts Brendan J. Stafford (Ikkinchi yil)
Tahrirlovchilar	Bill Blunden, Mayk Kempbell, Derek Xayd Chambers, Alan Killik, Devid Leyn, Ray Lovejoy, Alan Pattillo
Kamerani sozlash	Yagona
Ish vaqti	48-50 daqiqa
Ishlab chiqarish kompaniyalari	Uchinchi guruh ishlab chiqarishlari (ITC /RAI ) (Birinchi yil) Gerri Anderson prodaktsiyalari (ITC) (Ikkinchi yil)
Distribyutor	ITC Entertainment
Chiqarish
Original tarmoq	ITV (Birlashgan Qirollik) RAI (Italiya)
Rasm formati	35 mm plyonka 1.33:1 tomonlar nisbati
Ovoz formati	Mono
Asl nashr	1975 yil 4 sentyabr (1975-09-04) – 1977 yil 5-noyabr (1977-11-05)

Kosmik: 1999 yil (Italyancha: Spazio 1999 yil) a ilmiy fantastika 1975 yildan 1977 yilgacha ikki mavsum davomida ishlaydigan televizion dastur.^[1] 1999 yilda tashkil etilgan dastlabki epizodda yadroviy chiqindilar Oyning narigi tomoni portlaydi, Oyni orbitadan chiqarib yuboradi va uni yuboradi, shuningdek, Alfa-ning 311 aholisi kosmosga beparvo ta'sir qiladi. Kosmik: 1999 yil sherikligi tomonidan ishlab chiqarilgan so'nggi mahsulot edi Gerri va Silviya Anderson va o'sha paytgacha ingliz televideniesi uchun ishlab chiqarilgan eng qimmat serial edi. Birinchi fasl tomonidan hamkorlikda ishlab chiqarilgan ITC Entertainment va Italiya telekompaniyasi RAI, ikkinchi mavsum faqat ITC tomonidan ishlab chiqarilgan bo'lsa.

Hikoyalar

Dasturning ikki fasli, har biri 24 qismdan iborat. Birinchi mavsumni ishlab chiqarish 1973 yil apreldan 1975 yil fevralgacha bo'lgan; ikkinchi mavsumning ishlab chiqarilishi 1976 yil yanvaridan 1976 yil dekabrigacha bo'lgan.

Ning old sharti Kosmik: 1999 yil Oyning ilmiy tadqiqot markazi bo'lgan Moonbase Alpha aholisining ahvoliga bag'ishlangan markazlar. Insoniyat yadroviy chiqindilarni keng ko'lamli poligonlarda saqlagan Oyning narigi tomoni, ammo magnit nurlanishning noma'lum shakli aniqlanganda, to'plangan chiqindilar muhim massaga etib boradi va katta hajmga olib keladi termoyadro portlashi 1999 yil 13 sentyabrda. Portlash kuchi Oyni ulkan ko'taruvchi raketa kabi qo'zg'atib, uni Yer orbitasidan va ulkan tezlikda chuqur kosmosga uloqtirib yubordi va shu tariqa Alfada joylashgan 311 xodimni ushlab qoldi.^[2] Qochib ketgan Oy, aslida, yangi uy qidirib, qahramonlar sayohat qiladigan "kosmik kemaga" aylanadi. Yerdan ketganidan ko'p vaqt o'tmay Quyosh sistemasi, sayr qilayotgan Oy a orqali o'tadi qora tuynuk va keyinchalik uni koinotga yanada ko'proq surib qo'yadigan bir nechta "kosmik çözgüler" orqali. Yulduzlararo sayohati paytida alfanlar bir qator begona tsivilizatsiyalarga duch kelishadi, distopiya ilgari insoniyat ko'rmagan jamiyatlar va aql-idrok hodisalari. Birinchi seriyaning bir nechta epizodlari Oy sayohati alfavitlarni yakuniy taqdir sari yo'naltiruvchi "sirli noma'lum kuch" ta'sirida (va ehtimol boshlangan) deb ishora qildi. Ikkinchi seriyada oddiyroq harakatga yo'naltirilgan syujetlardan foydalanilgan.

Ning birinchi seriyasi Kosmik: 1999 yil ba'zan "ilmoq" yoki "deb nomlangan" teaser "kirish so'zidan foydalanilgansovuq ochiq "Ikki asosiy yulduzi Landau va Beyn uchun obro'-e'tiborni etkazishga muvaffaq bo'lgan sarlavha ketma-ketligi davom etdi (ikkalasi ham" yulduz "deb nomlangan) va tomoshabinlarga bo'lajak epizodning o'ttizdan ortiq tezkor suratlarini taqdim etishdi. Ikkinchisi Keyin ushbu dastur montajni yo'q qildi, so'ngra dastur o'ndan o'n ikki daqiqagacha davom etadigan to'rtta aktni taklif qildi (Shimoliy Amerikada tijorat tanaffuslariga imkon beradi) va qisqa (va ikkinchi seriyada ko'pincha yengil) "epilog" sahnasi bilan yakunlandi. .

Cast

Sarlavha yulduzlari Kosmik: 1999 yil amerikalik aktyorlar edi Martin Landau va Barbara Bain uylangan va birga paydo bo'lganlar Missiya: mumkin emas. Amerika televizion bozoriga murojaat qilish va serialni AQShning yirik tarmoqlaridan biriga sotish uchun Landau va Beynning talablari bilan Lyov Greyd ingliz aktyorlarini istagan Silviya Andersonning e'tirozlariga qarshi.^[3] Shuningdek, doimiy aktyorlar tarkibida Kanadada joylashgan britaniyalik aktyor ishtirok etdi Barri Mors (birinchi mavsumda professor Viktor Bergman kabi) va Vengriyada tug'ilgan, AQShda tarbiyalangan Ketrin Schell (ikkinchi mavsumda begona Mayya kabi). Ikkinchi seriyadagi Mayya roliga o'tishdan oldin, Ketrin Schell "Birinchi yil" epizodida boshqa qahramon sifatida mehmon bo'lgan "Pirining qo'riqchisi Dastur shuningdek, avstraliyalik aktyorni olib keldi Nik Teyt jamoatchilik e'tiboriga. Roy Dotris birinchi epizodda Komissar Simmonds sifatida paydo bo'lgan va epizod oxirida u odatiy belgi bo'lishiga o'xshaydi; ikkinchi (uzatilgan) epizodda belgi g'oyib bo'ldi, epizodning birinchi mavsumida yana paydo bo'ldi "Yerga bog'langan ", uning shouda boshqa yagona ko'rinishi (unda belgi doimiy ravishda yozib qo'yilgan, chunki u o'lishi mumkinligi sababli asfiksiya begona kosmik kemaning ichida).

Dastur o'zining ikki seriyasida ko'plab taniqli aktyorlarning, shu jumladan mehmonlarning chiqishlarini namoyish etdi Kristofer Li, Margaret Leyton, Roy Dotris, Joan Kollinz, Jeremi Kemp, Piter Kushing, Judi Gizon, Julian Glover, Yan McShane, Leo MakKern, Billi Uaytlou, Richard Jonson, Patrik Trouton, Piter Boulz, Sara Duglas, Devid Prouz, Isla Bler, Styuart Deymon va Brayan muborak. (Bler, Deymon va Blessedlarning har biri turli xil obrazlarni aks ettiruvchi ikkita epizodda qatnashishgan.)^[4][5] Ingliz aktyori Nikolas Yang (Jonning asl nusxasida tasvirlangan Ertaga odamlar ) Ikkinchi yili "The Bringers of Wonder" qismida paydo bo'ldi. Bir nechta mehmon yulduzlari paydo bo'ldi Yulduzlar jangi Cushing, Glover, Lee, Blessed, Prowse, shu jumladan filmlar Maykl Kalver, Maykl Sheard, Richard LeParmentier, Sheyn Rimmer, Angus MacInnes, Driv Xeni, Jek Klaff va Jek MakKenzi.

Asosiy aktyorlar ro'yxati

Birinchi yil belgilar. Asosiy pastki chapdan o'ngga: Viktor Bergman (o'tirgan), Alan Karter, Xelena Rassel, Jon Koenig, Pol Morrou (o'tirgan), Sandra Benes, Devid Kano. Yuqori pastki, aniqlanmagan.

Ikki yil belgilar. Chapdan o'ngga: Xelena Rassel, Jon Koenig, Mayya, Toni Verdeski, Alan Karter.

Ishlab chiqarish

Ushbu bo'lim faqat ma'lum bir auditoriyani qiziqtirishi mumkin bo'lgan juda ko'p miqdordagi murakkab tafsilotlarni o'z ichiga olishi mumkin. Iltimos, yordam bering aylanmoq yoki boshqa joyga ko'chirish tegishli har qanday ma'lumot va qarshi bo'lishi mumkin bo'lgan ortiqcha tafsilotlarni olib tashlash Vikipediyaning qo'shilish siyosati. (2017 yil avgust) (Ushbu shablon xabarini qanday va qachon olib tashlashni bilib oling)

Kontseptsiya va rivojlanish

Kosmik: 1999 yil Gerri va Silviya Andersonlar ishchi sheriklik sifatida yaratgan ilmiy-fantastik seriyalarning so'nggi qatori edi. Superkar 1960-yillarning boshlarida va shu jumladan mashhurlar marionette xayoliy dasturlar Fireball XL5, Stingray, Momaqaldiroq qushlari, Kapitan Skarlet va Mysterons, Djo 90 va Yashirin xizmat, shuningdek, jonli harakatdagi fantastika dramasi NUJ. Kosmik: 1999 yil o'zining vizual dizaynining katta qismini hech qachon ishlab chiqarilmagan ikkinchi seriyasining ishlab chiqarishdan oldingi ishlariga qarzdor NUJ, bu asosan Oyga o'rnatilishi va yanada kengroq Moonbase xususiyatiga ega bo'lishi kerak edi.

Kosmik: 1999 yil 1968 yildan buyon vizual ilhom (va texnik tajriba) ni jalb qildi Stenli Kubrik film 2001 yil: "Kosmik odisseya". Dasturning maxsus effektlari bo'yicha direktor Brayan Jonson ilgari ikkalasida ham ishlagan Momaqaldiroq qushlari (Brayan Jonkok kabi) va 2001.

1972 yilda, Ser Lyu Greyd, rahbari ITC Entertainment, Century 21 ishlab chiqarishning ikkinchi seriyasini moliyalashtirishni taklif qildi NUJ shou-yuguruvchilar Gerri va Silviya Andersonga. Sinfda bitta shart bor edi: yangi seriya asosan kengaytirilgan SHADO Moonbase atrofida Oyga o'rnatiladi; reytinglar Oyga yo'naltirilgan epizodlar tomoshabinlar orasida ko'proq mashhurligini ko'rsatdi. Andersonlar va ularning jamoasi ishlab chiqarishni tezda yangilab, qariyb yigirma yil oldin porlashdi NUJ: 1999 yil qo'mondon Ed Straker va SHADO kuchlari bilan yangi Moonbase inshootidan o'zga sayyoralik dushmanlariga qarshi kurashmoqda.

Biroq, ishining oxiriga kelib, NUJ AQSh va Buyuk Britaniyada reytingning pasayishiga duch keldi; Ikkala mamlakatda ham ITC rahbarlari yangi seriyalarning moliyaviy imkoniyatlarini shubha ostiga qo'yishdi va loyihani qo'llab-quvvatlash to'xtatildi. Ayni paytda, ishlab chiqarish bo'yicha dizayner Keyt Uilson va badiiy bo'lim yangi seriyaning ko'rinishi va dizaynini tasavvur qilishda katta yutuqlarga erishdi. Keyinchalik ularning ishlari yaqin kelajak uchun to'xtatildi.^[6]

Anderson loyihaning o'lishiga yo'l qo'ymadi; u Nyu-Yorkdagi ikkinchi raqamga yaqinlashdi, Abe Mandell, tadqiqotlar va ishlanmalarni olib borish taklifi bilan NUJ: 1999 yil va yangi ilmiy fantastika turkumini yaratish. Mandell qulay edi, ammo u "Midlendda choy ichayotgan" odamlar ishtirokidagi seriyalar to'plamini istamasligini va Yer bilan bog'lanishni taqiqlashini aytdi. Anderson bunga javoban seriyani ochishda u "Yerni portlatib yuboradi". Mandell ushbu kontseptsiya tomoshabinlarga yoqmasligi mumkin deb qarshi chiqdi, unga Anderson "Oyni portlatib yuboraman" deb javob berdi.^[7]

Andersonlar qayta ishlashdi NUJ: 1999 yil yangi binoga: Qo'mondon Stiven Maddoks Oyning yigirma chaqirim kengligidagi Moon City-dan Yerning mudofaa bo'yicha asosiy tashkiloti WANDER kuchlarini boshqargan. Maddoks Yerning mudofaasining barcha qirralarini bazaning markazida joylashgan va faqatgina Moon Hopper hunarmandchiligida joylashgan ob'ektdan, Control-ning himoya lazer to'sig'idan o'tish uchun to'g'ri kod-kodni talab qiladi. Shuningdek, qo'mondon "Com-Com" (qo'mondonning kompyuteri) deb nomlangan shaxsiy kompyuterga kirish huquqiga ega bo'lar edi, u qo'mondonning shaxsiyati va axloqiy tuyg'usi bilan dasturlashtirilgan shaxsiy maslahatchi vazifasini bajaradi.

Andersons tomonidan yozilgan "Zero-G" yarim soatlik epizodida Yerning chuqur kosmik zondlari ilg'or sayyora tsivilizatsiyasini kashf etdi. Chet elliklar bilan suhbatlashish uchun Maddoksni o'g'irlashadi. Insoniyatning tug'ma dushmanligi va WANDERning mudofaa holatidan g'azablanib, ular Yerga atmosferani chegarasida ajratish niyatida Yerga sayohat qilishmoqda. Maddoksga insoniyatning olijanob namunasi deb baho berib, ular uni sog'-salomat qaytaradilar. Keyin ular Oyning tortishish ta'sirini nolga tushirish uchun nurni ishlatib, uni orbitadan chuqur kosmosga parvarish qilmoqdalar.^[8]

Loyiha oldinga qarab davom etdi. Uchinchi guruh prodyuserlari (Andersons va ishlab chiqaruvchi ijrochi Reg Xilning sherikligi) serialni suratga olishlari kerak edi; ITC Entertainment va Italiya telekompaniyasi RAI mablag 'bilan ta'minlashi kerak edi. AQSh tarmog'ini sotishni maqsad qilgan Greyd, seriallar amerikalik yetakchilarga ega ekanligini va amerikalik yozuvchilar va rejissyorlarni ish bilan ta'minlaganligini ta'kidladi. Jorj Bellak, taniqli amerikalik televizion yozuvchi, xodimlarga jalb qilindi. Serial mualliflari aytganidek Kristofer Penfold va Johnny Byrne, seriyaning aniqlovchi tushunchalarini yaratgan va sayqallagan Bellak edi. Bellak to'qson daqiqalik ochilish epizodini "Oldinda bo'shliq" deb nomladi, bu uning yaqin kashshofi edi "Ajralib chiqish; uzoqlashish Bellak, shuningdek, uchta etakchini, Moonbase-ning imkoniyatlarini va potentsial hikoyalarni belgilaydigan yozuvchilar uchun qo'llanma yaratdi.

Ayni paytda xodimlar ijodiy o'zgarishlarni amalga oshirganday tuyuldi, ular seriyani tushunchasi va tashqi ko'rinishi jihatidan yaqinlashtirdi 2001 yil: "Kosmik odisseya". Hatto sarlavha Kosmik: 1999 yil Kubrikning filmi bilan taqqoslashni uyg'otdi. (Ilgari, yangi seriyaning nomi juda xilma-xil edi: Kosmik sayohat: 1999 yil, Kosmosga sayohat, Kosmosda tahdid va Space Invaders- so'nggi nomning bosqinchilari - qochib ketgan Oyda qolib ketgan yer egalari.)

Jon Koenig va Helena Rassellning bosh qahramonlari uchun Gerri Anderson er va xotin aktyorlar jamoasiga murojaat qildi. Martin Landau va Barbara Bain. Landau va Beyn mashhur Amerikada uch yildan so'ng mashhur yulduzlar edi CBS josuslik turkumi Missiya: mumkin emas. Prodyuser Silviya Anderson britaniyalik bosh rol ijrochilarini afzal ko'rganligini ma'lum qilsin; chunki Grade amerikaliklarga qarshi turib oldi, u tanlagan bo'lar edi Robert Kalp (1960 yilgi josuslik seriyasining yulduzi Men josuslik qilaman ) va Katarin Ross (1960-yillarning blokbaster filmlarining hammuallifi Bitiruvchi va Butch Cassidy and Sundance Kid ).^[6] Li X. Katzin, uchuvchi epizodlar ixtisosiga ega, juda obro'li amerikalik televizion rejissyor, birinchi qismni boshqarish uchun tanlangan va serialning qolgan qismi uchun asosiy rejissyor sifatida tanilgan.

Maxsus effektlar, dizayn va musiqa

Ko'rgazmaning transport vositalari, shu jumladan Burgut kosmik shutl va Moon Buggy to'liq o'lchamdagi rekvizitlar, fotosuratlar va batafsil ma'lumotlar aralashmasi bilan namoyish etildi. masshtabli modellar. Turli xil begona kosmik kemalar uchun o'nlab modellar va Mark IX Hawk dan "Urush o'yinlari "epizod model ishlab chiqaruvchisi tomonidan qurilgan Martin Bauer, ko'pincha mo'ljallangan foydalanishni hisobga olish uchun bir necha xil o'lchamlarda.^{[iqtibos kerak ]}

Qimmat va ko'p vaqt talab qiladigan narsalarga ishonishdan ko'ra ko'k ekran kabi jarayon Yulduzli trek, Jonsonning jamoasi tez-tez vizual effektlarning dastlabki kunlaridanoq foydalanadigan usulni qo'lladilar: kosmik kemalar va sayyoralar qora fonda suratga olinadi, har bir ketma-ket element uchun kamera qayta tiklanadi. Turli xil elementlar bir-birining ustiga chiqmasa, bu ishonchli natijalarga olib keldi. Texnik nuqtai nazardan, afzallik shundaki, barcha elementlar asl ekranda aks ettirildi, aksincha ko'k ekrandan farqli o'laroq, bu takrorlashning bir necha avlodlarini o'z ichiga olishi kerak edi. Yana bir ijobiy tomoni shundaki, kameraning salbiy ta'sirida to'liq effektlar mavjud edi - bu film laboratoriyada qayta ishlangandan so'ng - bu qimmatbaho vaqt va pul bilan ko'k ekranning "optik" texnikasidan qochish edi. Kamchilik shundaki, mumkin bo'lgan burchaklar soni cheklangan edi; masalan, kosmik kemani sayyoraga yon tomondan yaqinlashayotganini ko'rish mumkin edi, lekin elementlar bir-biri bilan qoplanmagan holda uning oldida harakatlana olmadi.^[9]

Maxsus effektlar bo'yicha direktor Brayan Jonson va uning jamoasining aksariyati ishlashga kirishdi Ridli Skott "s Chet ellik, dan so'ng Imperiya orqaga qaytadi.

Kosmik: 1999 yil ishlatilgan Pinewood Studios L va M. tovushli bosqichlari. Har bir studiya 90 'x 105' (27 m x 32 m) o'lchamda, poldan panjara bilan o'lchami 30 fut (9 m). Birinchi seriya uchun L bosqichida "tik turgan to'plamlar" joylashtirildi; masalan, Asosiy missiya, burgut ichki qismi, sayohat trubkasi va kichik yo'lak qismi. Studiya maydoni cheklanganligi sababli, Alpha interyerlari tasvirlangan boshqa to'plamlar, masalan, Tibbiyot Markazi kerak bo'lganda yig'ildi. M bosqichi "belanchak bosqichi" bo'lgan - bu sayyora tashqi ko'rinishi, kosmik kemaning ichki qismi va ushbu epizod uchun zarur bo'lgan boshqa narsalar uchun ishlatilgan.

Birinchi seriyadagi uniseks "Oy shahri" formalari taniqli avstriyalik modelyer tomonidan yaratilgan Rudi Gernreich, seriya yulduzi Barbara Bainning shaxsiy do'sti. Boshqa kostyumlar Production Designer tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan Keyt Uilson, shuningdek, to'plam dizayni uchun mas'ul bo'lgan. Uilsonning innovatsion Moonbase to'plami, 4-dan 8 futgacha (120 dan 240 sm gacha) plastik ko'pikli plitalardan foydalangan holda, Lego-ga o'xshash xonaning har qanday konfiguratsiyasiga bog'langan bo'lib, Alpha interyerlari uchun bir xil va real ko'rinishga ega bo'lgan ( nisbatan arzonligi va tez yig'ilishi haqida gapirmasa ham bo'ladi).^[9] Ovozsiz rang palitrasi va taniqli uskunalar va aksessuarlarning birlashtirilishi aniqlik.^{[iqtibos kerak ]}

Ikkinchi seriya uchun Moonbase formalari yangilandi va rangli dekorativ tikuv va toshbaqa yoqalari, shuningdek turli xil nishonlar va yamaqlar qo'shildi. Qizil, to'q yoki to'q-yashil ko'ylagi ham paydo bo'ldi, dastlab faqat yuqori lavozimli xodimlarda, keyin ko'plab erkak qo'shimchalarida. Ayol qahramonlari birinchi seriyada ishlatilgan ishtonli shimlarni emas, balki ikkinchi seriya davomida etak va tizzadan baland etik kiyishga moyil edilar. Ikkinchi yil uchun kostyumlar Emma Porteous tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan bo'lib, keyinchalik bir nechta kiyim shkaflarini yaratgan Jeyms Bond filmlar.^[10]

Moonbase interyerlari ikkinchi yilga ham yangilandi, mavjud devor panellari, eshiklar, kompyuter panellari va boshqalar zaxiralari (boshqa Anderson ishlab chiqarishlarining ba'zi qismlari bilan birga) birinchi marta L bosqichida tik holatga keltirildi. o'zaro bog'langan to'plamlar majmuasi (birinchi seriyali to'plamlar kerak bo'lganda yig'ilgan va asosiy missiya / qo'mondonlik majmuasi kattaligi doimiy xonalarni qurish uchun taqiqlangan edi.)^[9] Jonli rang ushbu seriyadagi "Moonbase setlari" da ancha yaqqol namoyon bo'ldi. Zamonaviy ilmiy-fantastikaga xos futuristik ko'rinishga ega gadjetlar va jihozlar ham aniqroq edi. Masalan, Xelena endi stetoskopdan emas, balki doktor Makkoyning hushtak chaladigan tibbiy "uchburchak" ga o'xshash bir oz signal beruvchi, har tomonlama ishlatiladigan tibbiy skanerdan foydalangan. Yulduzli trek.

Birinchi seriyaning ochilish krediti davomida Andersonning ko'p yillik sherigi tomonidan yozilgan dramatik hayajon bor edi Barri Grey, ketma-ket ballari uning Anderson uchun mo'ljallangan yakuniy asarlari edi. Grey beshta epizodni qo'lga kiritdi. "Ajralib chiqish; uzoqlashish ", "Hayot va o'lim masalasi "," Qora quyosh ","Boshqa vaqt, boshqa joy ", va"To'liq doira " — Vik Elmes uchun to'liq elektron ball taqdim etdi "Oy atrofida halqa ", va Katta Jim Sallivan uchun bir martalik sitar kompozitsiyasini ijro etdi "Muammoli ruh ". Kutubxonadagi musiqa, mumtoz kompozitsiyalar va Anderson tomonidan ilgari surilgan sahna asarlari parchalari beshta Grey partiyasini ko'paytirdi va keng musiqiy repertuar taassurot qoldirdi.^{[iqtibos kerak ]}.

Ikkinchi seriya jaz musiqachisi va bastakori tomonidan yozilgan Derek Uodsvort; Amerikalik ishlab chiqaruvchi Fred Frayberger o'zining yangi "jangovar-sarguzasht" formati uchun ko'proq "haydash, g'azablantiruvchi" ball olishni xohladi.^[9] Birinchi yil mavzusidan ko'ra ko'proq sintez qilingan yangi mavzuli musiqadan tashqari, Uodsvort epizodlar uchun ham o'ziga xos musiqa yaratdi ".Metamorf ", "Surgunlar ", "Insoniyatning bir lahzasi ", "Taybor ", va"Space Warp ". Ushbu musiqaning aksariyati boshqa epizodlarda qayta ishlatilgan.

Boshqa Anderson shoulari ta'sir ko'rsatdi Kosmik: 1999 yil kosmik kemalar va elementlar. Burgut kabinasi avvalgi Andersonning kabinasi bilan biroz o'xshashlikka ega Supermarionatsiya seriya, Fireball XL5. Dvigatel va dvigatel tovushlari ilgari ishlatilgan tovushlarga o'xshash edi Fireball XL5, Momaqaldiroq qushlariva Kapitan Skarlet. Moonbase Alpha uchun yorug'lik effektlari shu bilan solishtirish mumkin edi NUJ, shuningdek, ko'tarilgan kosmik kemalarni uchirish maydonchasi kontseptsiyasi.

Taxminan 30 yil o'tgach, sayt asl nusxasini olish va uni sotishni iltimos qilganda, asl Moonbase Alpha modeli onlayn ravishda onlayn ravishda yana paydo bo'ldi.^[11]

Birinchi seriya

1973 yil noyabr oyining boshlanish sanasi yaqinlashganda, Jorj Bellak ijodiy masalalarda Gerri Anderson bilan janjallashdi va ishlab chiqarishni tark etdi. Hikoya bo'yicha maslahatchi Kristofer Penfold amerikalik yozuvchini olib kelib, bosh yozuvchi sifatida ishlagan Edvard di Lorenzo va irland shoiri Johnny Byrne skript muharriri sifatida. Penfold Bellakning birinchi epizodini bir soatlik qoralama sifatida qayta ishladi, avval "Qaytish nuqtasi" deb nomlandi, so'ngra "Breakaway" deb yakunlandi.^[12]

Jonli aksiyalarni suratga olish boshlanishidan bir hafta oldin, Visual Effects Supervisor Brayan Jonson va uning jamoasi birinchi bo'lim uchun vizual effektlar ketma-ketligi ustida ishlashni boshladi Bray studiyalari yaqin Maidenhead, Berkshir 1973 yil 5-noyabrda. Dastlabki olti hafta davomida jamoa a-ni topmaguncha foydalanishga yaroqli kadrlar bo'lmadi tormozni tortib olish^{[tushuntirish kerak ]} film tezligiga ta'sir qilgan. Studiya mashg'ulotlari boshlandi Elstree studiyalari yaqin Borxemvud, Xertfordshir 1973 yil 12-noyabrda. Birinchi qismni suratga olish paytida notinch Elstri yaqinda yopilish xavfi ostida ekanligi aniq bo'ldi. Dam olish kunlarining birida kompaniya maxfiy ravishda to'plamlar, rekvizitlar, kostyumlar va boshqalarni yaqin atrofga ko'chirdi Pinevud studiyalari da Iver Xit, Bukingemshir, natijada kasaba uyushmasi ishlab chiqarishni qora ro'yxatiga kiritdi.^[7]

O'n kunlik suratga olish uchun rejalashtirilgan "Breakaway" qo'shimcha o'n besh kunni bosib o'tdi. Li Katzin mukammallikni namoyish etgan va sahnalarni tomosha qilishni talab qilgan; hattoki fon qo'shimchalarining reaksiya kadrlarini qamrab olish ham butun sahnani boshidan oxirigacha ishlashni talab qiladi.^[13] Uning ikki soatlik rejissyori kesilib, Nyu-York ITC-ga tomosha qilish uchun yuborildi. Abe Mandell tayyor mahsulotdan dahshatga tushdi. Anderson bir nechta muhim sahnalarni qayta yozdi va uch kunlik suratga olishdan so'ng, uchuvchini ITC qo'rquvini tinchitadigan bir soatlik epizodda qayta tahrir qildi. Katzindan "Qora quyosh" ikkinchi qismi suratga olinganidan keyin dasturga qaytish so'ralmadi, u ham belgilangan vaqtdan oshib ketdi.

O'n ikki oylik suratga olish uchun rejalashtirilgan yigirma to'rtta epizod o'n besh oy davom etdi va prodyuser bir qator qiyinchiliklarga duch keldi. Britaniya majburiy uch kunlik ish haftasi 1974 yilning dastlabki oylarida va 1970-yillarning boshidagi sanoat tartibsizliklari tufayli ko'mir tanqisligi sababli Milliy tarmoqni elektrdan uzib qo'yish filmni suratga olishni kechiktirmadi, chunki Pinevud o'zining generatorlariga ega edi, ammo bu filmni qayta ishlashga ta'sir qildi, chunki laboratoriya joydan tashqarida edi. pudratchi.^[6]

Uchinchi guruhning moliyaviy sherigiga sodiqligi, RAI, aktyorlar tarkibiga italiyalik aktyorlarni kiritish uchun ham murojaat qilish kerak edi. Dastlab, ikkita yordamchi rol italiyalik aktyorlar uchun mo'ljallangan edi; ning kasting bilan Nik Teyt va Zienia Merton bu rollarda echim ishlab chiqilishi kerak edi. Keyingi epizodlarning to'rttasi (""Muammoli ruh ", "Kosmik miya ", "Ajdaho domeni "va"Arkadiya vasiyati ") italiyalik mehmon san'atkorlar ishtirok etishdi.

Nyu-Yorkka tasdiqlash uchun syujetlar va ssenariylarni teleks orqali yuborish zarurati ishlab chiqarishni yanada kechikishiga olib keldi. Buni tinimsiz qayta yozish oxir-oqibat sabab bo'ldi Kristofer Penfold otish paytida iste'foga chiqish "Kosmik miya "," Dragon's Domain "stsenariysi bilan yozma majburiyatini bajarganidan keyin. Keyinchalik intervyuda Jonni Byorn" bir epizod ular (Nyu-York) bizni ishni tezlashtirishimizni so'rab, bizni xarakterlar rivojlanishini to'xtatishga majbur qilishlarini; keyin keyingi epizod, ular harakatni sekinlashtiradigan ko'proq xarakterli daqiqalarni so'rashdi; Shunda ular boshqasida chiroyli qizlar kamligi haqida shikoyat qilar edilar. "^[7] Bir necha yil o'tgach, Byrne va Penfold ular ishlagan jarayon "yaxshi ssenariylarni avvalgidan kamroq" qilishganiga rozi bo'lishdi va ularni "yomon ssenariylarni" qabul qilishlari uchun qayta yozishga vaqt sarflashga majbur qilishdi.^[7] Byrne ishlab chiqarish oxiriga qadar qoldi; uning so'nggi vazifalari juda qisqa muddat uchun to'ldiruvchi sahnalarni yozish edi "Oxirgi dushman "va" So'nggi dushman "filmining sahnalari 1975 yil 28 fevralda yakunlandi.

Frantsiya, Italiya, Yugoslaviya, Polsha, Efiopiya, Nigeriya, Janubiy Afrika, Turkiya, Eron, Gretsiya, Gollandiya, Belgiya, Portugaliya, Peru, Yaponiya, Malayziya, Kanada, Meksika, Filippin, Singapur, Janubiy Koreya va Tayvan. Serialning birinchi tomoshalaridan biri Avstraliyada Etti tarmoq 1975 yil iyulda, lekin keyinchalik stansiya birinchi seriyani ikki faslga ajratdi. Ikkinchi fasl 1979 yilda namoyish etilgan.

Qabul qilish

Serialga javob har xil edi; ba'zi tanqidchilar uni ishlab chiqarish qadriyatlari va ko'p qavatli hikoyalarni keltirib, klassik deb maqtashdi ("Kosmik: 1999 yil kabi Yulduzli trek to'liq o'q methedrin. Bu televizordagi eng yorqin va ajoyib ilmiy-fantastik sayohat ... "va"Kosmik: 1999 yil bu vizual jihatdan ajoyib, kosmik yoshdagi axloqiy o'yin ... ");^[14][15] boshqalar buni yomon chizish va yog'och aktyorlik uchun, ayniqsa Barbara Bain tomonidan tasvirlangan ("syujetlar va xarakteristikalar Kosmik: 1999 yil ibtidoiy edi ... "va" Yog'och belgilarning umidsiz kollaji, zerikarli dialog va tushunarsiz syujetlar ... ").^[16][17]

Ishoq Asimov Oyni o'z orbitasidan chiqarib yuborishga qodir bo'lgan har qanday portlash aslida uni parchalashi va hatto orbitadan chiqib ketgan taqdirda ham eng yaqin yulduzga etib borish uchun yuz minglab yillar ketishi kerakligini ta'kidlab, serialning ilmiy aniqligini tanqid qildi. U shuningdek, Moonbase Alpha-ni oyning "qorong'i tomonida" deb ta'riflash xato bo'lganligini ta'kidladi, chunki Oyning biron bir qismi doimiy ravishda qorong'i emas. Agar qorong'i tomondan emas, balki uzoqroq tomon nazarda tutilgan bo'lsa, deya ta'kidlaydi Asimov, u holda portlash Oyni undan uzoqlashtirmasdan, Yer tomon yo'naltiradi. U ushbu dasturni Oyning past tortishish kuchi muhitida harakatni aks ettirishning aniqligi va uning real ishlab chiqarish dizayni uchun maqtadi.^[18] Asimovning javoblari faqat uchuvchi epizodga asoslangan. Keyingi epizodlar (masalan, "Qora quyosh", ishlab chiqarish tartibida uchinchi va "Boshqa vaqt, boshqa joy", ishlab chiqarish tartibida oltinchi) Oyning yulduzlarga gijja teshiklari va giperspatial tunnellar orqali etib borishini ko'rsatmoqda, bu esa fitna nuqtasini yanada aniqroq qildi. ikkinchi mavsum epizodlarida, xususan, "Taybor" va "Kosmik çözgü". Birinchi mavsumda bu masala biroz sirli bo'lib qoldi, chunki boshqa sayyoralar ishtirokidagi epizodlar doimo Oy allaqachon sayyoraga etib kelganidan boshlanadi va shu kabi "Hayot va o'lim masalasi" va "Yo'qolgan bog'lanish" kabi bir necha epizodlarda, epizodlar aslida alfavitlarning sayyoradan qaytishidan boshlanadi, epizod boshlanishidan oldin dastlabki burgut parvozi amalga oshirilgan.

Gerri va Silviya Anderson jamoatchilik (va tanqidchilar) ularga hech qachon imkoniyat bermaganidan hayratda qolishdi kufrni to'xtatib turish boshqa ilmiy-fantastik dasturlarga berilgan.^[19]Belgilar o'zlarining vaziyatlarining aniq ko'rinmasligini bilishadi. Viktor Bergman "Qora quyosh" da, ularni orbitadan chiqarib yuborgan portlashda omon qolish imkoniyatini "deyarli cheksiz" deb ta'kidlaydi. "Hayot va o'lim masalasi" da Koenig "biz o'zimizning quyosh sistemamizdan ajralib chiqqanimizdan beri ko'p narsalar sodir bo'ldi, tushuntirib bo'lmaydigan narsalar". Qanday qilib ular omon qolishdi va koinotga sayohat qilishlari alfanlar va tinglovchilarning aniq javoblariga ega bo'lmagan asosiy sir bo'lib tuyuladi.

2010 yildagi shou haqida gapirib, Beyn shunday fikr yuritdi: "Bizda juda yaxshi ilmiy fantastika odamlari maslahatchi sifatida gaplashayotganlarini bilar edilar. Masalan, ular u erda ovoz chiqmasligini va tinchgina bo'lishini bilar edilar. Ammo u holda bizda seriallar bo'lmas edi, shuning uchun biz buni uddalay olmadik. Turli xil mulohazalar bo'lishi kerak edi, lekin ular o'sha paytda nima bo'lganiga yoki nima bo'lganiga asoslangan edi. Endi bilingki, bu eskirgan. Men bilmayman. "^[20]

U ba'zi texnologiyalar yoqilganligini qo'shimcha qildi Kosmik: 1999 yil amalga oshdi: "Biz doktor Rassel uchun skanerlash moslamasini yaratdik. Kimdir shunchaki polda o'lik holda yotar edi va men uni bu skanerdan o'tkazgan edim. Bu tirnoqli narsa bilan men uning skanerlarini o'qib chiqdim. Hozirda ular buni [tibbiy asbob bilan] deyarli qilishlari mumkin, biz hech narsa o'qimaydigan rekvizitlar bilan o'ynagan paytlarimiz bo'lgan - men keyin aytish uchun juda ko'p suhbatlashdim, bizda Commlock bor edi. bu narsalar baribir amalga oshish arafasida edi. Endi biz o'tmishdan o'tdik. Bajarganimizda 1999 yil juda uzoqdek tuyuldi. "^[20]

Bekor qilish va tiklanish

Birinchi seriya tugagandan so'ng, prodyuserlar guruhi 1975 yilning kuzida ishlab chiqarishni boshlash uchun ikkinchi seriyani tayyorladilar. Gerri Anderson shtab yozuvchisi Jonni Byrndan dastlabki yigirma to'rtta epizodning kuchli va zaif tomonlarini baholab, tanqidiy tahlil tayyorlagan edi. yangi va takomillashtirilgan ikkinchi yilni o'rnatish uchun buyurtma.^[7] Keyin Byorn takomillashtirilgan birinchi seriyali: "Biologik ruh", "Adan yuzi" va "Xudo farzandlari" formatida ssenariylar yozishni boshladi. U ingliz yozuvchisi bilan shug'ullangan Donald Jeyms o'zining birinchi seriyali "Surgunlar" formatidagi hikoyasini ishlab chiqish.

Xodimlar uchun eng katta to'siq bo'lib, barcha materiallarni ITC ning Nyu-Yorkdagi vakolatxonasi tekshirgan. ITC murosaga kelganda, yuqori lavozimli amerikalik yozuvchi-prodyuserni yollash kerak edi. Ayni paytda Silviya Anderson Gerri Anderson bilan rasmiy ravishda ajralib (va keyinchalik ajrashgan) paytda prodyuser rolini tark etdi. Fred Frayberger Gerri Anderson yozuvchilik lavozimi uchun o'ylab topgan, keyinchalik serialni prodyuser sifatida boshqarishda yordam berish uchun kemaga olib kelingan va shou-runner vazifasini bajargan. Frayberger mavsumning uchinchi va so'nggi mavsumini o'tkazdi Yulduzli trek 1968-1969 yillarda va birinchi mavsumning sakkizta epizodi Yovvoyi yovvoyi G'arb (shu jumladan Martin Landau mehmonda ishtirok etgan) ishdan bo'shatilishidan oldin. Darhol keyin Kosmik: 1999 yil u yakuniy mavsum bo'lishi mumkin bo'lgan narsalarni ishlab chiqarishni davom ettirar edi Olti million dollarlik odam. Uning yozma kreditlari kiritilgan Slattery odamlari, Temir ot, Hammasi oilada, Petrocelli va Starskiy va Xatt. Garchi Anderson va Greyd ushbu tanlovdan mamnun bo'lishgan bo'lsa-da, Abe Mandell nima uchun u ishsiz va o'sha paytda mavjud ekanligi haqida xavotirda edi.^[6]

Keyin ITC Entertainment Prezident janob Lyov Greyd 1975 yilning oxirlarida, yilning kuz oylarida Qo'shma Shtatlarda reytinglar pasayib ketganda, serialni keskin ravishda bekor qildi. Amerikalik tarmoq translyatsiyasi savdosi yo'qligidan Grade allaqachon hafsalasi pir bo'lgan edi. Gerri Anderson va Fred Frayberger Moonbase Alpha-ga o'zga sayyoralik xarakterini qo'shib, Moonbase-dagi o'zaro ta'sir dinamikasini silkitib, Qo'shma Shtatlarga tomoshabinlarning qiziqishini tiklaydigan yangi seriya g'oyasini yig'dilar. Anderson va Fraybergerlarning Psixon sayyorasidan Maya ismli o'zga sayyoralik belgisini qo'shish taklifi asosida Mandell serialni ikkinchi yilga yangilashni ma'qulladi.

Begona Mayya xarakteriga qo'shimcha ravishda, ijro etilishi kerak Ketrin Schell, Ikkinchi yil deb nomlangan narsalarga ko'plab boshqa o'zgarishlar kiritildi. Eng ko'zga ko'ringan o'zgarish professor Bergmanning yo'qligi edi (Barri Mors ). Morsning ketishi ish haqi bilan bog'liq mojaroga bog'liq edi, ammo keyinchalik u ketishga xursand ekanligini aytdi va u Andersonga: "Men kattalar bilan bir muddat o'ynashni afzal ko'rdim", deb aytgan edi.^[21] Mors ketishi bilan tobut Alfada Mayya to'liq to'ldirgan edi, uning xalqi ilm-fan insoniyatdan ancha ilgarilab ketgan edi. Shuningdek, uning fe'l-atvori "inson xatti-harakatlarini tashqi kuzatishni" ta'minlashi uchun o'ylab topilgan. Janob Spok kuni Yulduzli trek. Mayya Spokning muammolarni hal qilishda mantiqiy yondoshishi va rivojlangan aql-zakovati bilan o'rtoqlashdi, ammo u maftunkor, to'la hissiy odam ekanligi bilan ajralib turardi. Biroq, eng muhimi, uning Psixon qobiliyatlari metamorf "molekulyar o'zgarish" kuchi bilan unga bir soat ichida biron tirik jonzotga aylanishiga imkon yaratildi, yangi yangilangan seriyalarga ma'lum bir "voy" omilini qo'shish uchun mo'ljallangan edi. Maya jozibali hazil tuyg'usiga ega edi. Toni Verdeski muhabbatga bo'lgan qiziqishi bilan unga uyda pishirilgan pivosini taklif qilganda, Mayya uni sinab ko'rdi, keyin o'zini aylantirdi Janob Xayd. Schell avvalroq "Bir yil epizodda Guardianning xizmatkori" rolini ijro etgan edi. "Pirining qo'riqchisi ".

Kosmetik o'zgarishlarga qo'shimcha ravishda, belgilar "iliqlashdi". Koenig va Rassellar deyarli tan olinmagan muhabbatdan jismoniy ehtirosli, to'la-to'kis romantikaga o'tdilar, bu sadoqat shu qadar chuqurlashdiki, ular bir-birlari uchun o'lishni taklif qildilar ("Miya Brian"). Bergmandan tashqari, birinchi yil Pol Morrowni qo'llab-quvvatlovchi belgilar (Prentis Xenkok ), Devid Kano (Klifton Jons ) va Tanya Aleksandr (Suzanna Roket ) aktyorlar tarkibidan ham chiqarildi (Pol va Tanya yo'qolishi Powys Media kitobida tushuntirilgan Tashlab ketilgan Jon Kennet Muir tomonidan). Doktor Bob Matias (Anton Fillips ) birinchi ikki yil Ikki qismida ishtirok etgan, uchinchi qismida eslatib o'tilgan va keyin ham izsiz g'oyib bo'lgan. Uning fe'l-atvori o'rnini bir necha bor takrorlanadigan shifokorlar egalladi. Alan Karter (Nik Teyt ) seriyadan tashqari yozilishi kerak edi, lekin u muxlislar orasida shunchalik mashhur bo'lib ketdiki, u qoldi. Sandra Benes (Zienia Merton ) yana ketma-ket assotsiatsiyada seriyada qoldi, ammo bu belgi epizodlarning faqat bir qismida paydo bo'ldi, ammo ba'zi birinchi seriyalarning aksariyatiga qaraganda ko'proq.

Xavfsizlik xizmati boshlig'i Toni Verdeski ham rol o'ynagan yangi belgi sifatida ishtirok etdi Toni Anxolt. Baza ikkinchi qo'mondonlik rolini o'z zimmasiga olgan Verdeski Birinchi yilda na paydo bo'lgan va na zikr qilingan. Biroq, Moonbase Alpha xodimlari Verdeschiga xuddi "Breakaway" dan beri o'rtalarida bo'lganidek munosabatda bo'lishdi. Uning xarakteri, asosan, ikkinchi darajali erkak harakat qahramoni sifatida xizmat qilish uchun yaratilgan va Mayya uchun romantik qiziqish bo'ldi.

Aktyorlar tarkibini o'zgartirish uchun ekranda tushuntirishlar berilmagan. Bir sahna "Metamorf "Bergmanning o'limi haqida zikr qilish ssenariy va filmga olingan, ammo so'nggi tahrirdan qisqartirilgan. Moonbase Alpha texnik qo'llanmasi tomonidan ishlab chiqarilgan Starlog jurnal bu tushuntirishni oladi, Bergman ssenariy sahnasida nosoz skafandr tufayli vafot etgan. Xuddi shu tarzda, ushbu nashrda Morrow va Kano mavsumlar oralig'ida burgut halokatida vafot etgani haqida eslatib o'tilgan va doktor Matias, go'yoki Alfaning psixiatr (garchi u Rassellning yordamchisi bo'lsa ham) ta'tilda tadqiqot olib borgan. Fred Frayberger bu belgilar bir o'lchovli va muxlislarni qo'llab-quvvatlamasligini his qildi; u Nik Teytga tomoshabinlar ularni eslay olmasligini va o'zi haqida gap ketganda, ular Alpha-da "boshqa joyda" bo'lganliklarini, uch yuz kishilik olomon ichida adashganligini aytdi.^[6] Frayberger shou va uning muxlislari uchun yordamchi belgilar qiymatini anglay olmadi.

Boshqa o'zgarishlar quyidagilarni o'z ichiga olgan asosiy sarlavhalar va mavzuli musiqa. Birinchi yilgi tadbirlarning ochilish montaji "Ajralib chiqish; uzoqlashish "va epizod ochilishi kerak bo'lgan maxsus effektlar ketma-ketligi foydasiga bekor qilindi Oy kosmosga orbitadan uchirilmoqda. Mors ketgach, Schell o'z o'rnida odatdagidek Landau va Bain bilan birga qatnashgan va uchalasi ham aksincha harakatga yo'naltirilgan tasvirlarda tasvirlangan maneken - Landau va Beyn kabi pozitsiyalar Birinchi yilning asosiy unvonlarini egallashgan. Yangi seriyali bastakor Derek Uodsvort yangi mavzu o'chirildi Barri Grey haykaltarosh, orkestr parchalari va kulgili ritmik plyuslar o'rtasida izchilroq zamonaviy asar foydasiga almashinish.

Rudi Gernreich Minimalist kostyum asl nusxadan ancha o'zgartirilgan bir jinsli ixtiyoriy kiritish uchun dizayn yubka va ayollar uchun charm botinkalar va bu erda juda ko'p tafsilotlar ishlaydi ko'ylak turtka bo'yinbog'lari, rangli tikuvlar, yamaqlar va fotosurat identifikatori nishonlarini o'z ichiga olgan qism. Bundan tashqari, rang-barang ko'ylagi (umuman qizil, ko'k yoki yashil) aksariyat personajlar ansamblining bir qismiga aylandi.

Keng "Asosiy missiya" to'plami, u bilan balkon and windows revealing the lunar surface, was replaced by a more compact "Command Center" (they used the American spelling on the set), supposedly deep underground (again, this change was explained in the Year Two Writers' Bible and Texnik qo'llanma as necessary for security, but never explained onscreen). Medical Centre, Generator Section, Life Support and the Alphans' living quarters became smaller, while the interior of the Eagle command module was updated with additional buttons, flashing lights and television monitors, while the Eagle also lost a section of corridor (the galley/storage area) between the passenger module and the cockpit. (This was to accommodate its placement on Pinewood Soundstage "L", with the other standing Alpha sets; the Eagle was permanently affixed to the boarding tube/travel tube set and jammed between the travel-tube reception area and the Medical Centre.)^[9]

The sombre mood created in Year One by the effective use of light and shadow in the filming of Moonbase Alpha interiors was abandoned in favour of a generally brighter cinematography, and even the lettering used in signage and costuming—most noticeable on spacesuits and Eagle Transporter doors—changed to a simpler, less futuristic style.

Ishlab chiqarish bo'yicha dizayner Keyt Uilson stated in an interview in Belgilangan joy: Alfa Moonbase that he was always being ordered by Producer Fred Frayberger to make sets smaller, taking away the expansive (and expensive) look of the first series' interiors. Freiberger was very budget-conscious and, despite press releases to the contrary, the production team was working with less money this series.^[6][7][22] Agar there had been a budget increase, the 'stagflyatsiya ' economy of the 1970s would have cancelled it out. When interviewed, many of the actors state they were asked to accept less money, including Landau and Bain (who were the only ones with enough clout to be able to refuse).

Freiberger emphasised action-adventure in Year Two stories to the exclusion of metafizik themes explored in Year One. Of Year One, he commented, "They were doing the show as an English show, where there was no story, with the people standing around and talking. In the first show I did, I stressed action as well as character development, along with strong story content, to prove that 1999 could stand up to the American concept of what an action-adventure show should be."^[23] Since Year One was quite serious in tone, one of Freiberger's ways to accomplish this objective was to inject humour into Year Two stories whenever possible, but much of it seemed to the more vocal fans to be forced, especially at the conclusion of an episode, where the Alphans were seen as jovial and light-hearted despite whatever violent or tragic events might have previously befallen them. Freiberger had appropriated this approach from Yulduzli trek; the endings of many of that show's episodes featured an upbeat discussion among the cast of the lessons learned during the episode and closing on a joke; this approach was copied for Kosmik: 1999 yil with Koenig, Verdeschi, Russell, Carter and Maya enjoying a laugh in the Command Center. Given Landau's intensity and the brooding nature of the Koenig character, the approach did not fit the series.

A'zolari Kosmik: 1999 yil cast were disenchanted with the scripts. Martin Landau: "They changed it because a bunch of American minds got into the act and they decided to do many things they felt were commercial. Fred Freiberger helped in some respects, but, overall, I don't think he helped the show, I think he brought a much more ordinary, mundane approach to the series."^[24] One particular episode ('Hammasi yaltiraydi ', which dealt with the threat of an intelligent rock) was of such allegedly deficient quality that it sparked a confrontation between Freiberger and the cast. Landau disliked the story so strongly that he wrote the following notes on his copy of the script: "All the credibility we're building up is totally forsaken in this script."; "...Story is told poorly."; and "The character of Koenig takes a terrible beating in this script — We're all schmucks." Anholt revealed that, "the more the cast complained about a script's flaws, the more intractable and unyielding Freiberger became." Dissatisfaction on Landau's part about scripts was not new to Year Two, though. Sylvia Anderson remembers that he often voiced criticisms of scripts during production of the first series.

Ikkinchi seriya

With the last-minute renewal from Grade, the production team hit the ground running for Series Two. Johnny Byrne's script "The Biological Soul", involving the Alphans' encounter with the unstable Mentor of the planet Psychon and his biological computer Ruh, was rewritten to include the new character Mayya and the rest of the format changes; the episode produced from this script was retitled "Metamorf ". Production began on 26 January 1976 and was scheduled to last a mere ten months for all episodes.

To fulfill the scheduling requirement and cut production costs, Freiberger used the "double-up script" solution. During "double-up" installments, two first-unit production teams would film two episodes simultaneously. Landau and some of the supporting cast would be given expanded roles and would film an episode on location or on sets constructed for that story in Pinewood's Soundstage "M", while Bain and the remaining supporting cast (also in expanded roles) would film their episode in the standing Alpha sets on Soundstage "L". Landau and Bain would then be given minor roles in the opposing episodes. This measure was used to complete eight stories as four pairs: "The Rules of Luton "va"The Mark of Archanon "; "AB Chrysalis "va"Oyning katakombalari "; "Muvozanat masalasi "va"Space Warp "; "Iblis sayyorasi "va"Dorzak ". A ninth episode, "Beta bulut ", was intentionally scripted with only one day's worth of work for Landau and Bain to allow their planned holiday to the French Riviera not to delay the series' production; the four supporting cast members (Schell, Anholt, Tate and Merton) were the recipients of much greater than usual exposure.

Relations between new producer Freiberger and the Year One veterans were strained. Landau complained about stories he felt were lightweight or absurd when compared to the previous year's efforts. He wrote on the cover of one script: "I'm not going out on a limb for this show because I'm not in accord with what you're [Freiberger] doing as a result ... etc. I don't think I even want to do the promos—I don't want to push the show any more as I have in the past. It's not my idea of what the show should be. It's embarrassing to me if I am not the star of it and in the way I feel it should be. This year should be more important to it, not less important to it ... I might as well work less hard in all of them."^[25] Johnny Byrne said that Freiberger was a good man and good producer, but not good for Kosmik: 1999 yil. He had gotten them a second year after the cancellation, but the changes he made did not benefit the show.^[25]

Principal photography came to an end on 23 December 1976 with "Do'rkonlar ". An article regarding a third series was printed in the trade papers: "Now entrenched in its successful second season boom, ITC is looking forward to a third season with more fantastic events and additions, although mum's the word at the studio. They will only say that Maya and Miss Schell will be kept in and that the budget may be raised again, but that's all until final preparations and an official announcement are made."^[6]

Undeveloped Year Three

The producers and studio intended to continue the show with a third season. This was to be shorter than the previous two, with 13 episodes, for budget reasons. Maya was considered to be a successful character, and the producers began grooming her for a spinoff show that would run concurrently with the third series of Kosmik: 1999 yil. Had this project gone ahead, Maya would have been absent from Kosmik: 1999 yil. The "Maya" series was also intended to run for 13 episodes a year.^[6]

As filming on Year Two came to its conclusion, it became apparent that there would be no third season, and the series ended with the episode "Do'rkonlar ". The Maya spin-off was also abandoned.

Kompilyatsiya filmlari

Following the series' cancellation, four feature-length films were compiled from various episodes for syndication and foreign theatrical release: Destination Moonbase Alpha (1978), Chet elliklarning hujumi (1979), Qora quyosh orqali sayohat (1982) va Kosmik malika (1982). Chet elliklarning hujumi, though the second of these films to be released, was an expansion of the show's pilot episode. Most contained new footage (Chet elliklarning hujumi, for example, included new scenes set on Earth, though not involving the TV cast). The background of the series was retconned, with the events now stated to having taken place in the year 2100 A.D. rather than 1999.^[26]

A compilation film was also produced in Italiya, sarlavhali "Spazio 1999 yil" (the series's Italian-language title) to launch the series.^[27] It was released on 14 January 1975, a year before the series was broadcast in the country, and compiled scenes from the episodes "Breakaway", "Ring Around the Moon" and "Another Time, Another Place", accompanied by scores from noted soundtrack composer Ennio Morrikone.

Eshittirish

Buyuk Britaniya

The series premiered in September 1975, on the ITV network but was not broadcast nationally at the same time (this remained the case until a repeat airing on BBC2 1998 yilda). Most ITV regions (including Yorkshir, Grampiy, Olster, Shotlandiya, Chegara, ATV va Tayn Tis ) premiered the series on Thursday, 4 September 1975 in a 7.00pm slot.^[28] The London va Angliya regions screened the first episode two days later on Saturday, 6 September at 5.50pm.^[29] The Granada region began showing the series on Friday, 26 September 1975, initially at 7.35pm before moving to 6.35pm a few weeks later.^[30] The HTV region did not begin showing the series until October 1975, again in an early Friday evening slot. However, within a few weeks, various stations had moved the series elsewhere in their schedules.

The second series premiered on London Weekend Television (LWT) in a non-prime-time slot on Saturday 4 September 1976 at 11.30am, with ATV following on just a few hours later at 5.40pm. Granada, G'arbiy tomon va Olster started to screen the series in early 1977, Grampiy va Tayn Tis did not screen the series until later in the year. STV started to screen the series on 9 April 1978 on Sunday afternoons. HTV did not pick the series up until 1984 and then only showed nineteen out of the twenty-four episodes from Year Two (the last episodes were not screened in Wales until the series was repeated in the 1990s). Southern Television was the other ITV region known not to have broadcast series two. Even its successor broadcaster, Television South, failed to screen any series two episodes when Kosmik: 1999 yil was reshown in various other ITV regions between 1982 and 1985.

BIZ

In the United States, efforts to sell the series to one of the three networks for the 1974–75 or 1975–76 television seasons failed. The networks were uninterested in a project over which they had no creative control, being presented with the accomplished fact of twenty-four completed episodes. Abe Mandell of ITC had secured a 'handshake' agreement with a network executive in 1974, but after the man's termination, all his projects were abandoned.^[6] Undaunted, Mandell created what he called his own Space: 1999 Network^[7] and sold the completed program into first-run sindikatsiya directly to local stations. Much of the publicity mentioned the then-staggering three million pound budget: as a part of the American promotion effort, a glossy magazine-sized brochure was produced, touting Kosmik: 1999 yil sifatida Six-and-a-Half Million Dollar Series (an allusion to the then-popular American programme Olti million dollarlik odam ) featuring American stars, American writers and American directors.^[31]

In the months leading to the beginning of the fall (autumn) 1975 televizion mavsum Landau and Bain participated in special preview screenings in select cities.^[3] Landau is said to have personally contacted editors of the widely read and influential Televizion qo'llanma magazine in some markets to secure coverage of Kosmik: 1999 yil in its pages upon learning of ITC's somewhat poor promotional efforts.

While most of the U.S. stations that aired Kosmik: 1999 yil were independent (such as powerful Chicago station WGN-TV, Louisville stantsiya WDRB-TV, Los Angeles station KHJ-TV, va Nyu-York shahri WPIX-TV ), a handful were affiliated with the major networks (such as Charlotte, North Carolina's WSOC-TV, at the time a strong NBC affiliate, and Fresno's KFSN-TV, at the time a CBS affiliate) and sometimes pre-empted regular network programming to show episodes of the series. Most U.S. stations broadcast episodes in the weekday evening hour just before prime time or on weekends. Bittasi ABC sherik, WCVB yilda Boston actually aired the first series in prime time, bumping the network's shows to other time slots.

Footage of a spacecraft flying over Moonbase Alpha from the Season 1 episode "The Last Enemy" was later reused to depict a future civilization in the Ajoyib ayol episode "Time Bomb," first broadcast on 10 November 1978.

2018 yil avgust oyida, Kometa announced it would be airing both seasons of the original series beginning in September.^[32]

Kanada

Kanadada, CBC Television was the broadcaster of Kosmik: 1999 yil from 1975 into the 1980s. The first season in 1975–76 was shown regionally on some CBC owned-and-operated stations, the airtime varying. With the start of the second season in September 1976, CBC Television upgraded Kosmik: 1999 yil to full-network status, airing it Saturdays on all CBC owned-and-operated stations, with affiliated, privately owned stations also offering the show on Saturdays. Most of the country saw Kosmik: 1999 yil soat 17 da on Saturdays, a notable exception being the Atlantic Provinces in which it was broadcast at 6 or 6:30 p.m. or – as was the case in the summers – sometime earlier in the afternoon to accommodate live sports coverage, the airing of which crossed into or totally over the usual Kosmik: 1999 yil airtime. After the 1976–77 broadcast year (in which second-season episodes were run and rerun), the show's ratings were sufficiently high for CBC Television to give the first season a full-network airing – and with further repeats – from 1977 to 1978. The French-language CBC Television, Radio-Kanada ko'rsatdi Cosmos: 1999 several times (both seasons) between 1975 and 1980, first on Mondays (1975–1976), then on Saturdays (1976–1977), then on Mondays (1979), and finally on Wednesdays (1979–1980).

The series fared admirably on CBC Television in Canada, airing in English in a family viewing period, late Saturday afternoons before xokkey broadcasts, with a mostly un-disrupted run and rerun of all 24 episodes from September 1976 through September 1977. The French version was also broadcast, in early evening on Saturdays. Ratings were sufficient for a full additional year's transmission of Year One in the English CBC Saturday programming slot in 1977 and 1978. Episodes of both Year One and Year Two were repeated regionally in Canada in English and French through the early-to-mid-1980s. YTV Canada broadcast both seasons with reportedly good ratings from 1990 to 1992, in a late Saturday afternoon airtime closely matching that of the CBC English network in the 1970s.

The full-network English CBC airing began with the series opener, "Ajralib chiqish; uzoqlashish ", on 11 September 1976, then "Metamorf ", the Year Two opener, on 18 September. "Surgunlar ", "Qayerga sayohat ", "Taybor ", va"Yangi Odam, Yangi Momo Havo " followed respectively in the subsequent weeks. Next were "The Mark of Archanon ", "Miya Brian ", "The Rules of Luton ", "AB Chrysalis ", "Oyning katakombalari ", va"Yo'q qilish urug'i ". "Seed of Destruction" aired on 27 November, and then with December there came a month of repeats. And after a pre-emption for New Year's Day sports, new episodes resumed airing on 8 January 1977 with "Muvozanat masalasi ", dan so'ng "Beta bulut ", "Insoniyatning bir lahzasi ", "Lambda omili ", "Hammasi yaltiraydi ", va"Seans tomoshasi ". The two-part episode, "The Bringers of Wonder", was shown on 19 and 26 February. And then "Dorzak ", "Immunitet sindromi ", "Iblis sayyorasi ", va"Do'rkonlar " followed in March. "Space Warp " would not be shown until 21 May, after many weeks of repeats. By 10 September 1977, except for "The Exiles", all of the second-season episodes had been repeated. And thereafter, a 1977–1978 run of first-season episodes began with "Urush o'yinlari " on 17 September.

Finlyandiya

In Finland the first season was originally aired by the commercial MTV (Mainostelevisio) channel in 1976, but it was withdrawn after couple of episodes on demand of the national programme board as the show was considered too brutal and horrifying. The same thing happened when MTV tried to air the second season in 1978.

The complete show wasn't seen in Finland until 1996–1997 when a small local channel, TV-Tampere, aired it. Since then it aired on TVTV! in 2000 and 2001, and later on MTV3 Scifi in 2008.

Boshqa joyda

It was shown in Italy as Spazio 1999 yil , Argentina, Uruguay, Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic, Guatemala, francophone Canada, and France as Cosmos: 1999, Denmark as Månebase Alpha, Brazil and Portugal as Espaço: 1999, Germaniya sifatida Mondbasis Alpha 1, Sweden as Månbas Alpha, Poland as Kosmos 1999 yil (1977–1979), Finland as Avaruusasema Alfa, Greece as Διάστημα 1999, Hungary as Alfa Holdbázis, Spain, Chile, Venezuela, and Colombia as Espacio: 1999, Mexico as Odisea 1999, Iran as 1999:فضا, Turkey as Uzay 1999 and South Africa as Alpha 1999 (1976, dubbed into Afrikaanslar ).The series was also broadcast in the Netherlands, Belgium, New Zealand and Australia.

Fan and critic responses to the new series varied. Some missed the mystical plotlines, feature-film ambiance and the "British-ness" of the first series. Others said they enjoyed the new characters, down-to-earth characterisations and action. Bilan taqqoslash Yulduzli trek were used by both camps to show how the series had been either saved or destroyed by the format change.Reviewing the show as a whole, science fiction historian Jon Klyut tasvirlangan Kosmik: 1999 yil as "visually splendid" but criticised what he regarded as the show's "mediocre acting" and "rotten scripts".^[33]

Message From Moonbase Alpha, Big Finish and planned revivals

Ushbu bo'lim faqat ma'lum bir auditoriyani qiziqtirishi mumkin bo'lgan juda ko'p miqdordagi murakkab tafsilotlarni o'z ichiga olishi mumkin. Iltimos, yordam bering aylanmoq yoki boshqa joyga ko'chirish tegishli har qanday ma'lumot va qarshi bo'lishi mumkin bo'lgan ortiqcha tafsilotlarni olib tashlash Vikipediyaning qo'shilish siyosati. (2017 yil avgust) (Ushbu shablon xabarini qanday va qachon olib tashlashni bilib oling)

Message From Moonbase Alpha (premiered 13 September 1999), starring Zienia Merton kabi Sandra Benes.

Message From Moonbase Alpha

Filmed on 29 August 1999, Message From Moonbase Alpha is a fan-produced mini-episode made with the co-operation and involvement of Kosmik: 1999 yil skript muharriri Johnny Byrne, who penned the script. Filmed inside a private house on a working replica of a small section of the Main Mission set and utilising the original prop of Koenig's Command Center desk and Sandra Benes 's original Year Two Alpha uniform, the short film was first shown at the Space: 1999 Breakaway Convention^[34] in Los Angeles, California on 13 September 1999—the day the events in episode 1 of the series were supposed to take place. With the permission of (then) copyright owners Carlton Media International, the film included brief clips from seven episodes to illustrate the deserted Moonbase Alpha and the Alphans' exodus to planet Terra Alpha. Previously unused footage shot for the Year Two title sequence and "The Last Enemy" was used to create a sequence showing the Moon being affected by a gravitational disturbance and thrown into an unknown solar system. Short excerpts from 12 other episodes appeared in a montage as Sandra Benes recalls her life on Alpha.

The seven-minute film features Zienia Merton sifatida uning rolini takrorlash Sandra Benes delivering a final message to Earth as the only crew member left on Moonbase Alpha while a massive exodus to a habitable planet, Terra Alpha, takes place with the rest of the crew. The evacuation was also necessitated by the degradation and decay of Alpha's life support systems. This basically gave the series the conclusion that it never had in its initial run. Taking place twenty five years after the events of "Breakaway", Commander Koenig and Maya are mentioned during Sandra's message. It concludes with the termination of the message as Sandra closes down Alpha's operational systems and transmits the message- which turns out to be the mysterious signal received shortly before the events of "Breakaway".

Ning o'zgartirilgan versiyalari Message From Moonbase Alpha mavjud Space: 1999 Bonus Disk in the U.S. and Canada, and on a DVD bonus disc in France and in Italy. The original version appears as a bonus feature on the Space: 1999/UFO – The Documentaries DVD produced by Fanderson.

Failed film attempt

Xuddi shu vaqtda Message From Moonbase Alpha was being filmed, Johnny Byrne va Kristofer Penfold attempted to revive the franchise as a movie series, similar to the way Yulduzli trek had been revived cinematically in the late 1970s. The first film would have picked up the story several years after the series ended, and would have featured a heavily redesigned Moonbase Alpha. Ultimately the project failed, and nothing came of it.^[35]

Space 2099

In February 2012, a new series, to be called Kosmik: 2099, was announced as a reboot of the original series and was planned to be made by ITV Studios America in conjunction with HD Films.^[36] On 15 August 2018, Brayan Jonson, special effects director for the original series, announced that the reboot was on track for production in the UK, pending "confirmation of the deal".^[37]

Big Finish audio series

Space 1999: Breakaway

On 12 August 2019, Anderson Entertainment announced that they would collaborate with Katta tugatish yaratish audio drama qayta tiklanish Space 1999 yulduzcha Mark Bonnar^[38] as John Koenig, Maria Teresa Creasey as Doctor Helena Russell, Timoti Bentink as Commissioner Simmons and Clive Hayward as Victor Bergman. Jyul de Yong who previously portrayed Leytenant Yashil yilda Yangi kapitan Scarlet is Petra Nordstorm. The first story "Ajralib chiqish; uzoqlashish ", is adapted by Nikolas Briggs who previously reimagined Mahbus and also acts as director. The story was released in September 2019.

Space 1999 – Volume 1

Big Finish revealed that an additional box set would follow, with the full cast to be announced.^[40] On 17 July 2020, Big Finish announced a boxset consisting of three stories. Mark Bonnar, Maria Teresa Creasey, Tim Bentinck, Clive Hayward, Glen McCready, Susan Hingley and Amaka Okafor reprise their roles with Entoni Xauell, Chris Jarman and Nicholas Asbury joining.^[41]

Uy videolari

Birlashgan Qirollik

In the early 1980s, and due to the booming home video rental market, the first three compilation films were released on the VHS format. The series, in its original form, was released on home video in the 1990s, with each cassette (or "volume") featuring two episodes. In 2001, it was released on DVD in the UK by Carlton Media, both in single disc volumes (each volume contained four episodes) and also as two complete season boxed sets (titled as "Year One" and "Year Two") comprising six discs each. Each DVD also contained various extra features, including a variety of archive production material, memorabilia, and interviews with the cast and crew from the time the series was being made.

In 2005, Network re-issued Year One in the UK as a Special Edition seven-DVD box set. For this release, to coincide with the series' 30th Anniversary, each episode was digitally restored by creating new 35 mm film elements (a new interpozitiv made from the original negative which is then used to make further copies). High Definition digital transfers were then made from the interpositives using a state-of-the-art Philips Spirit DataCine. This vastly improved the picture quality in comparison to the previous DVD releases, however the restoration process has actually made some of the space scenes (that involve special effects and model work) less realistic due to increased brightness and contrast. This box set also included two booklets and a new set of extra features that were not on the Carlton DVD releases, including featurettes on "Concept & Creation" and "Special Effects & Design" (edited from an earlier "Fanderson " documentary made in 1996), textless and alternative opening and closing title sequences, a two-part Klapperboard special on Gerry Anderson from 1975, and also a brand new 70-minute documentary entitled "These Episodes" in which Anderson, Christopher Penfold, Johnny Byrne, Zienia Merton and David Lane reflect on the making of key episodes from the first series.

Network released Year One on Blu ray in the UK on 1 November 2010, and simultaneously re-released their Special Edition DVD box set of Year One with new cover artwork at the same time.^[43] The Blu-ray set includes all of the extras on the 2005 Network DVD release as well as some of the extras that were on the 2001 Carlton DVD release (including a Lyons Maid ice-lolly commercial, and an SFX segment from the British documentary series Ufq ). It also includes several new extras including a "Memories of Space" featurette, a Sylvia Anderson interview (in which she frankly discusses the series and her thoughts about Landau and Bain), an expanded version of the "These Episodes" documentary from the DVD set, several PDF files containing scripts and bir yillik, an extensive set of photo galleries with hundreds of stills, and the first episode of Year Two, "The Metamorph", in digitally restored hi-definition.

Network DVD began a similar restoration process for Year Two in 2007, however progress was slow due to higher production costs in comparison to remastering Year One (the audio for Year One was already digitised prior to Network's restoration, but Year Two was not). In late 2014, Network finally announced that Year Two would be released in 2015. As part of this announcement, Network released a limited edition (of 1999 copies) of a special preview disc of the two-part story "The Bringers of Wonder" on 8 December 2014. This release also contains a restored version of the feature length Belgilangan joy: Alfa Moonbase film.^[44] The remastered Year Two was eventually released on Blu-ray and DVD in September 2015, to coincide with the series' 40th Anniversary.^[45] Again containing a wealth of extra features, the sets include galleries, vintage interviews, a blooper, behind the scenes footage, original source audio recordings, scripts and annuals PDF files, a stock footage archive, a textless opening title sequence, trailers and promos, "music only" options for all episodes, a stop-motion fan film from 1979, and a specially re-edited/rescored version of the episode "Seed of Destruction" as if it were made for Year One.

Qo'shma Shtatlar

The first releases on American home video were in the VHS in the mid-1980s and consisted of the theatrical compilation films (see above).

A&E Home Video (under license from Carlton International Media Limited) has released the entire series on DVD in Region 1. It was initially released in 8 sets with 6 episodes each in 2001 and 2002. On 24 September 2002, a 16-disc "Mega Set" box set featuring all 48 complete, uncut, original broadcast episodes of the series was released. On 31 July 2007, A&E released Space: 1999 – Complete Series, 30th Anniversary Edition. This is essentially the same as the 2002 "mega set" release (and does not use the 2005 hi-def remasters), but does includes a special bonus disc full of extra features.^[46] Year One was released on Blu-ray in the U.S. on 2 November 2010 by A&E Home Entertainment, with new High-Definition restored transfers and a newly remastered 5.1 DTS-HD MA surround sound re-mix.^[47] In July 2019 Shout Factory released both seasons of Space:1999 on Blu-ray using restored and remastered HD transfers and remastered 5.1 DTS-HD MA surround sound re-mix.

Boshqa ommaviy axborot vositalari

The series has been translated into other media. Originally, all the episodes had been adapted in novelisations, except, for some reason, "Earthbound" (though this may be because E.C. Tubb was working from a different script of "Breakaway" in which Commissioner Simmonds was killed when the Moon was torn out of Earth orbit) and "The Taybor" (from Year Two). The authors of these works wrote a number of original stories and have since written new stories and novels which were published after 1999. As well, the original authors participated in the revised versions of their original novels.

At the time of the series' original run, several comic book series were published and, in the US, a series of audio adaptations were recorded on record albums with the younger audience in mind. After 1999, many of these original comic book stories were revised and reprinted along with new stories. See the list above.

Mattel created a line of Space: 1999 toys to tie into the TV series, including the Eagle 1 Spaceship. Released in 1976, the Eagle 1 is over 2.5-feet long and a foot wide. The Eagle 1 is made mostly of molded plastic and has a number of parts and accessories.^[48]

Shuningdek qarang

•  Ilmiy fantastika portali
•  Televizion portal
•  Birlashgan Qirollik portali

Adabiyotlar

Bibliografiya

• Klark, Mayk; Kotter, Bill (1980 yil noyabr). "Fred Frayberger bilan intervyu". Starlog (40): 58–61.
• Xirsh, Devid (1986 yil iyul). "Martin Landau kosmik asr qahramoni". Starlog (108): 44–47.

Qo'shimcha o'qish

• Bentli, Kris (2005). To'liq Gerri Anderson: Vakolatli qism uchun qo'llanma. Old so'z Gerri Anderson. Reynolds & Hearn Ltd. ISBN  1-903111-97-8.
• Drake, Chris (1994). NUJ va kosmik: 1999 yil. Boxtree. ISBN  1-85283-393-9.
• Morse, Barri (2007). Afzalliklari bilan eslab qoling. AQSh: McFarland and Company. ISBN  978-0-7864-2771-0.
• Muir, Jon Kennet (2005). Tadqiqot Kosmik: 1999 yil: Epizod bo'yicha qo'llanma va 1970-yillarning o'rtalarida ilmiy fantastika teleserialining to'liq tarixi. McFarland & Company. ISBN  0-7864-2276-9.
• Keazor, Genri (2012). "Zulmatda qoqinish: Gerri va Silviya Andersonlarning kontekstualizatsiyasi Kosmik: 1999 yil", ichida: Alexander C.T. Geppert (tahr.), Kosmik makonni tasavvur qilish. Yigirmanchi asrda Evropa astrokulturasi, Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke 2012, p. 189–207. ISBN  0-230-23172-1
• Ogland, Petter, ed. (2014). Space: 1999 - Episode by Episode. Onlayn Alpha tomonidan sharh va tahlil. Old so'z Genri Keazor. Raleigh, Shimoliy Karolina: Lulu Press. ISBN  978-1-312-58593-5.
• Balor, Jon K., tahrir. (2015). Kosmik: 1999 yil - 40 yilligini nishonlash. Onlayn Alpha tomonidan epizod sharhi va tahlili bo'yicha yangi qism. Petter Oglandning oldingi so'zi. Raleigh, Shimoliy Karolina: Lulu Press. ISBN  978-1-329-44815-5.

Tashqi havolalar

• Kosmik: 1999 yil kuni IMDb
• Kosmik: 1999 yil da TV.com
• Kosmik: 1999 yil da BFI "s Screenonline
• Eagle Transporter - uchun ingl Kosmik: 1999 yil Eagle Transporter modellari va nusxalari