Momaqaldiroqlar (teleseriallar) - Thunderbirds (TV series)

Momaqaldiroq qushlari
Janr
  • ilmiy fantastika
  • Amal
  • Sarguzasht
  • Oila[1][2]
Tomonidan yaratilganGerri va Silviya Anderson
Ovozlari
Ochilish mavzusi"The Momaqaldiroq qushlari Mart "
BastakorBarri Grey
Ishlab chiqaruvchi mamlakat; ta'minotchi mamlakatBirlashgan Qirollik
Asl tilIngliz tili
Yo'q ketma-ket2
Yo'q epizodlar32 (plus 3 yilligi maxsus) (qismlar ro'yxati )
Ishlab chiqarish
Ijrochi prodyuserGerri Anderson (Ikkinchi seriya)
Ishlab chiqaruvchilar
  • Gerri Anderson (Birinchi seriya)
  • Reg tepasi (Ikkinchi seriya)
KinematografiyaJohn Read
Ish vaqti50 daqiqa
Ishlab chiqarish kompaniyasiAP filmlari
DistribyutorITC Entertainment
Chiqarish
Original tarmoqITV
Rasm formati35 mm plyonka
Ovoz formatiMono
Asl nashr1965 yil 30 sentyabr (1965-09-30) –
25 dekabr 1966 yil (1966-12-25)
Xronologiya
OldingiStingray
Dan so'ngKapitan Skarlet va Mysterons
Tegishli ko'rsatuvlar

Momaqaldiroq qushlari tomonidan yaratilgan Britaniya ilmiy-fantastik teleserialidir Gerri va Silviya Anderson, ularning ishlab chiqarish kompaniyasi tomonidan suratga olingan AP filmlari (APF) tomonidan tarqatiladi ITC Entertainment. 1964 yildan 1966 yilgacha elektron shakl yordamida qilingan marionette qo'g'irchoq teatri (dublyaj qilingan "Supermarionatsiya ") bilan birlashtirilgan masshtabli model maxsus effektlar ketma-ketligi. Jami 32 ellik daqiqali ikkita serial suratga olindi; ishlab chiqarish keyin ikkinchi seriyaning oltinchi qismi tugashi bilan yakunlandi Lyov Greyd, Andersonsning moliyaviy yordamchisi, dasturni Amerika tarmoq televideniesiga sotish uchun muvaffaqiyatsiz tugadi.

2060-yillarda o'rnatilgan, Momaqaldiroq qushlari oldingi Supermarionation ishlab chiqarishlarining davomi To'rt patlar sharsharasi, Superkar, Fireball XL5 va Stingray. Texnologik jihatdan ilg'or quruqlik, dengiz, havo va kosmik qutqaruv vositalari bilan jihozlangan hayotni qutqaruvchi tashkilot bo'lgan Xalqaro qutqarish (IR) ning ekspluatatsiyasini kuzatib boradi; deb nomlangan beshta mashinadan iborat park boshqaradi Momaqaldiroq qushlari va IR ning maxfiy bazasidan ishga tushirildi tinch okeani. Asosiy belgilar sobiq kosmonavt Jeff Treysi, IQ asoschisi va uning uchuvchisi bo'lgan voyaga etgan besh o'g'li Momaqaldiroq mashinalar.

Momaqaldiroq qushlari birinchi Buyuk Britaniyada ishlashni 1965 yilda boshladi ITV tarmoq. 1960 yillarda boshqa 30 mamlakatda ham translyatsiya qilingan. Vaqti-vaqti bilan takrorlanadigan, 1990-yillarning boshlarida radio uchun moslashtirilgan va ko'plab televizion dasturlarga va boshqa ommaviy axborot vositalariga ta'sir ko'rsatgan. Ilhom berish bilan bir qatorda turli xil savdo kampaniyalari, ketma-ket ikkita uzun metrajli filmlar davomi, 2004 yildagi jonli film va taqlid qilingan sahna namoyishi. Ikki televizorni qayta ishlashning ikkinchisi, Momaqaldiroq qushlari bor, premyerasi 2015 yilda;[3] o'sha yili galstuk-saundtreklarga asoslangan uchta yangi epizod audio pleyerlar va original seriyadagi texnikadan foydalangan holda franchayzingning 50 yilligini nishonlash uchun ishlab chiqarilgan.[4]

Andersonlarning eng mashhur va tijorat jihatdan muvaffaqiyatli seriyasi sifatida keng tanilgan, Momaqaldiroq qushlari maxsus effektlari uchun maqtovga sazovor bo'ldi (rejissyor Derek Meddings ) va musiqiy skor (bastalangan Barri Grey ).[2][5][6][7] Bundan tashqari, u esda qoladi sarlavha ketma-ketligi, bu Jeff Tracy ovozli aktyori tomonidan tez-tez keltirilgan sanoq bilan boshlanadi Piter Dyneyli: "5, 4, 3, 2, 1: Momaqaldiroq qushlari Boring! "[8][9] Haqiqiy hayotni qutqarish xizmati Xalqaro qutqaruv korpusi, seriyada ko'rsatilgan tashkilot nomi bilan nomlangan.

Bino

Asosiy maqola: Thunderbirds epizodlari ro'yxati

2065 va 2067 yillar oralig'ida,[10][11][12][Izoh 1] Momaqaldiroq qushlari amerikalik sobiq astronavt boshchiligidagi Treysi oilasining ekspluatatsiyasiga ergashadi Jeff Treysi. Jeff beshta katta yoshli o'g'illari bo'lgan beva ayol: Skott, Jon, Virgil, Gordon va Alan.[Izoh 2] Tracyslar Xalqaro qutqaruvni (IR) tashkil etadi, bu inson hayotini saqlab qolish uchun tashkil etilgan maxfiy tashkilotdir. Ushbu vazifada ularga texnologik jihatdan rivojlangan quruqlik, dengiz, havo va kosmik transport vositalari yordam beradi, ular odatdagi qutqarish usullari samarasiz bo'lib qolganda xizmatga chaqiriladi. Ushbu transport vositalarining eng muhimi bu beshta "Momaqaldiroq mashinalar ", ularning har biri beshta Tracy aka-ukalaridan biriga tayinlangan:

Oila yashaydi Treysi oroli, IR ning bazasi Janubiy Tinch okean, ular baham ko'rgan hashamatli villada Jeffning onasi, muhandis Miyalar, Miyaning yordamchisi Kalay-qalay va Tin-Tinning otasi, malayziyalik ushlovchi Kirano.[15][16][3-eslatma] Ushbu uzoq masofadagi IR, tashkilotning texnologiyasiga hasad qilib, sirlarini o'rganishga urinayotgan josuslar va jinoyatchilardan xavfsizdir. Momaqaldiroq mashinalar.

IQning ba'zi missiyalariga aybsiz voqealar emas, balki sabotaj yoki beparvolik sabab bo'ladi. Jinoyat ishi bo'yicha tergov yoki ma'lumot yig'ishni talab qiladigan topshiriqlar uchun tashkilot ingliz zodagonlari boshchiligidagi maxfiy agentlar tarmog'ini o'z ichiga oladi. Lady Penelope Creighton-Ward va uning butleri Aloysius Parker. Asoslangan Creighton-Ward Mansion Kent, Penelopa va Parker sayohat qilishadi FAB 1, maxsus o'zgartirilgan Rolls-Roys.

Iroqning eng qat'iyatli raqibi "faqat" nomi bilan tanilgan usta jinoyatchidir.Kaput ".[17][3-eslatma] Malayziya o'rmonidagi ma'baddan ishlaydi va gipnoz va qora sehr, Hood o'zining ajrashgan birodari bo'lgan Kyrano ustidan telepatik nazoratni amalga oshiradi va Tracisni o'z dizayniga ko'ra ochiladigan qutqaruv holatlarida boshqaradi. Bu unga josuslik qilish imkoniyatini beradi Momaqaldiroq mashinalar va ularning sirlarini sotish orqali o'zini boy qiladi.

Ishlab chiqarish

Men butun dunyo bo'ylab qutqaruv uskunalari turgan joyda axlatxonalar bo'lishi kerak edi, deb o'ylardim, shunda falokat yuz berganda, ushbu qutqaruv uskunalarining hammasi zudlik bilan ofat zonasiga etkazilishi va odamlarni muammolardan xalos qilish uchun ishlatilishi kerak ... Men: «Qutqaring, ha, qutqaring, lekin buni qanday qilib ilmiy fantastika qilish kerak? Xalqaro qutqaruv tashkiloti haqida nima deyish mumkin? '

— Gerri Anderson oldindan[18]

Momaqaldiroq qushlari Gerri va Silviya Anderson juftligi (biznesmen sheriklari bilan Tamm) er-xotin asos solgan APF tomonidan ishlab chiqarilgan to'rtinchi Supermarionation qo'g'irchoq teleseriali edi. Artur Provis, Reg tepasi va John Read. 1963 yil oxirlarida namoyish etilgan ushbu serial tomoshabinlarning ijobiy javoblari asosida APFning bosh kompaniyasi ITCdan Lyov Grade tomonidan tayyorlangan. Stingray.[16][19]

Gerri Anderson serialning asosiy kontseptsiyasi uchun ilhom oldi G'arbiy Germaniya deb nomlanuvchi tog'-kon falokati Wunder von Lengede ("Lengede mo''jizasi"). 1963 yil oktyabr oyida yaqin atrofdagi suv omborining qulashi bilan munitsipalitetdagi temir konini suv bosdi Lengede, 29 konchini o'ldirib, 21 kishini yer ostiga qamab qo'ydi.[20] Qochish milini burg'ulash uchun vositalar yo'qligi sababli, rasmiylar og'ir burg'uni rekvizitsiya qilishga majbur bo'lishdi Bremen; teshikni temir yo'l orqali tashish uchun zarur bo'lgan katta vaqtga qaramay, muvaffaqiyatli qutqarish imkoniyatini sezilarli darajada kamaytirdi, tuzoqqa tushib qolgan 11 nafar konchilar najot topdilar.[21] Tezroq inqirozga qarshi kurashning afzalliklarini anglagan Anderson "xalqaro qutqaruv" tashkiloti g'oyasini ilgari surdi, u tez ovoz chiqarib yuboradigan samolyotlardan foydalanib, ixtisoslashgan qutqaruv uskunalarini uzoq masofalarga tezkor ravishda olib o'tishi mumkin edi.[18]

O'zining 26 epizodli taklifini APFning avvalgi prodyuserlaridan ajratib olishga intilib, Anderson hikoyalarni kattalar va bolalarga ma'qul keladigan darajada uyushtirishga urindi. Oldingi seriyalar kech tushdan keyin namoyish etilgan bo'lsa-da, Anderson xohlagan Momaqaldiroq qushlari oilaviy muhitda efirga uzatilishi kerak Bosh vaqt uyasi[22] Silviya "bizning bozorimiz o'sib ulg'aygan" shou ... keyingi qadam edi "deb eslaydi.[23] Andersonlar Portugaliyadagi dam olish villasida binolarni kengaytirish, uchuvchi epizodni yozish va ssenariy mualliflari uchun qo'llanma.[22][24] Silviyaning so'zlariga ko'ra, yozish jarayoni "mehnat taqsimoti" ga bog'liq bo'lib, u orqali Gerri aksiyalar ketma-ketligini o'zi boshqargan davrda yaratgan. tavsiflash.[24] Otani va uning o'g'illarini bosh qahramonga aylantirish to'g'risidagi qarorga quyidagilar ta'sir ko'rsatdi Bonanza, shuningdek, Silviyaning bir nechta qahramonlik belgilaridan foydalanish seriyaning jozibasini kengaytiradi degan ishonchi.[25][26] Birodarlar Treysi nomi bilan atalgan Mercury Seven fazogirlar: Scott Carpenter, Jon Glenn, Virgil "Gus" Grissom, Gordon Kuper va Alan Shepard.[27]

Serialning nomi Gerrining ukasi Lionelning chet elda xizmat qilgan paytida yozgan xatidan olingan. RAF paytida parvoz serjanti Ikkinchi jahon urushi.[28] Arizona shtatida bo'lganida, Lionel unga murojaat qilgan Thunderbird Field, yaqin Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari armiyasining havo kuchlari tayanch.[28][29] "Ning" tiniqligi "ga tortilganMomaqaldiroq qushlari", Anderson uni tashladi ishchi nomi ning "Xalqaro qutqaruv"va ilgari belgilangan seriya va IR qutqaruv vositalarining nomini o'zgartirdi Qutqaruvlar 1 ga 5.[28] Uning ishga tushirilishi ketma-ketligi uchun ilhom manbai Momaqaldiroq qushlari 1, 2 va 3 zamonaviydan kelib chiqqan AQSh havo kuchlari ishga tushirish tartibi: Anderson qanday qilib o'rgangan edi Strategik havo qo'mondonligi o'z uchuvchilarini doimiy kutish rejimida ushlab turishi, samolyotlarining kabinalarida o'tirishi va bir zumda havoga ko'tarilishga tayyor bo'lishi kerak edi.[30]

In DVD hujjatli Thunderbirds sherigi, Anderson filmni suratga olish xarajatlarining ko'tarilishi chet elda tarqatish daromadlarini qanday qilib yanada muhimroq va mohiyatan sabab bo'lganligini tushuntirdi Momaqaldiroq qushlari "Amerika shousi sifatida" amalga oshirilishi kerak.[31] Belgilarni ishlab chiqish va ovozli kasting jarayonida Andersonlarning asosiy ustuvor yo'nalishi seriallarning mavjudligini ta'minlash edi transatlantik murojaat qilish, shu bilan Amerika tarmog'idagi bitimni yutish imkoniyatini va ushbu bozor taklif qilishi kerak bo'lgan yuqori auditoriya raqamlarini oshirish.[22][32]

Suratga olish

Momaqaldiroq qushlari APFning studiyalarida suratga olingan Slough Trading Estate 1964 yildan 1966 yilgacha.[33] Tayyorgarlik jarayonida to'liq ishchi ekipaj soni 100 nafarga kengaytirildi.[34] Rasmga olish besh oylik ishlab chiqarishdan so'ng 1964 yil sentyabr oyida boshlandi.[16][35] Yangi seriyaning texnik jihatdan murakkabligi sababli, bu APFning avvalgi har qanday ishlab chiqarishiga qaraganda ancha uzoqroq vaqt edi.[36] Suratga olish jarayonini tezlashtirish uchun epizodlar oyiga bittadan, ikkitadan, alohida bosqichlarda va alohida ekipajlar tomonidan ("A" va "B" belgisi bilan) suratga olingan.[37] 1964 yilga kelib APF Buyuk Britaniyaning yiliga uch million futdan (570 milya yoki 910 kilometr) ko'proq aktsiyalarni iste'mol qiladigan rangli filmlarning eng yirik tijorat foydalanuvchisi bo'ldi.[38]

Alan Pattillo, uzoq yillik ssenariy muallifi va APF direktori kompaniyaning birinchi rasmiysi etib tayinlandi skript muharriri 1964 yil oxirida.[39] Ushbu qadam Gerri Andersonga yukni kamaytirishga qaratilgan edi, u o'zining prodyuserining umumiy ijodiy nazorat qilish huquqini saqlab qolgan holda, o'zi ssenariylarni qayta ko'rib chiqishdan charchagan edi.[40][41] Qismlarning yo'nalishi juft bo'lib tayinlandi: faxriylar Pattillo va Devid Elliott kam tajribali bilan almashtirildi Desmond Sonders va yangi kelgan Devid Leyn har oyda suratga olish uchun.[39][42] O'rnatish qiyin bo'lganligi sababli, taraqqiyot sust edi: hatto samarali kunda ham ekipaj qo'g'irchoq tasvirlarini ikki daqiqadan ko'proq bajarishi kamdan-kam uchrardi.[43] Zamonaviy intervyusida Xill buni ta'kidladi Momaqaldiroq qushlari odatdagi jonli aksiyalar seriyasidan bir necha baravar ko'p tortishishlarni o'z ichiga olgan.[44] Uning so'zlariga ko'ra, tezkor tahrirlash personajlarning yuz ifodasi yo'qligi sababli kerak edi, bu esa tomoshabinning qiziqishini tortishish uchun bir necha soniyadan ko'proq vaqt davomida ushlab turishni qiyinlashtirdi.[44]

Lyu ["Osmonda tuzoqqa tushgan"] filmini tomosha qildi va oxirida u: "Fantastik, juda ajoyib!" Bu teleserial emas - bu badiiy film! Buni bir soat ichida qilishingiz kerak! ... Biz buni amalga oshirganimizdan xursandman, chunki u serialni yanada kattaroq va muhimroq qildi. Ammo bu hali juda va juda qiyin ish edi.

— Gerri Anderson formatni o'zgartirish to'g'risida[45]

Tugallangan 25 daqiqalik uchuvchini ko'rgandan so'ng "Osmonda qamaldi ", Lyu Greyd APFning ishidan shunchalik taassurot qoldirdiki, u Andersonga epizod uzunligini ikki baravar oshirishni buyurdi va serial uchun byudjetni 25000 funtdan 38000 funtgacha oshirdi (2019 yilda taxminan 740.000 funt).[16][44][45] Natijada, Momaqaldiroq qushlari nafaqat kompaniyaning eng uzoq va eng ko'p byudjetli ishlab chiqarilishi, balki shu paytgacha yaratilgan eng qimmat teleseriallarga ham aylandi.[45][46] Filmni suratga olish uchun 25 daqiqadan iborat ikkita epizod tezligini suratga olgan ekipaj ikki hafta, yangi formatga o'tishda katta muammolarga duch keldi: to'qqizta qism (birinchi qismini ham qo'shib) allaqachon to'liq yoki qisman suratga olingan, yana o'ntasi uchun ssenariylar yozilgan va uzoqroq muddatni qondirish uchun katta qayta yozish kerak bo'ladi.[47][48][49][50] Anderson: "Bizning vaqt o'lchovimiz juda aniq emas edi. ITC ning Nyu-Yorkdagi vakolatxonasi ular ikki haftada bitta ko'rgazma o'tkazishi kerakligini ta'kidladilar ... Hammasi ikki baravar tezlikda harakatlanishi kerak edi".[51] APF mavjud epizodlarni kengaytirish uchun etti oydan ko'proq vaqt sarfladi.[52]

Toni Barvik, u Pattillo va Andersonlarni o'zi yozgan ssenariy bilan taassurot qoldirgan Xavfli odam, sublotlarni yozishda yordam berish uchun yollangan va plomba material.[53][54] U uzoqroq format xarakteristikani kuchaytirish uchun imkoniyatlar yaratganligini aniqladi.[45][55] Ilmiy-fantast yozuvchi Jon Peel "kichik xarakterlar teginishi" qo'g'irchoq aktyorligini taklif qiladi Momaqaldiroq qushlari oldingi APF seriyalariga qaraganda "ancha yumaloq".[56] U yozuvni jonli va dramatik dramaturgiya bilan taqqoslaydi.[56] Yangi kadrlar "Xavfsizlik xavfi" birinchi seriyasining finalini ishlab chiqishda foydali bo'ldi: oldingi ikki qismdan beri ("Alligatorlarning hujumi! "va"Cham-Cham ") o'z byudjetlarini ortiqcha sarf qilgan bo'lsa, Pattillo a orqaga qaytish - hukmron klip namoyishi xarajatlarni kamaytirish uchun atigi 17 daqiqalik yangi materialni o'z ichiga oladi.[57][58]

Birinchi seriyani suratga olish 1965 yil dekabrda yakunlangan.[16] Ikkinchi seriya ham o'sha yilning oxirida foydalanishga topshirildi va 1966 yil mart oyida ishlab chiqarishga kirdi.[59] Barvik yozuvchilik shtabining to'la vaqtli a'zosiga aylandi va ssenariy muharriri vazifasini tugagan Pattillodan oldi.[60][61] Asosiy qo'g'irchoq aktyorlari va transport vositalari qayta qurildi; qo'shimcha ravishda san'at bo'limi "Tracy Villa" zalini va jihozlarini o'z ichiga olgan ba'zi bir to'plamni kengaytirdi Thunderbird 5 nazorat xonasi.[62][63] Bir vaqtning o'zida teleserialni suratga olish uchun va Momaqaldiroq qushlari bor, APF Slough Trading Estate-dan yana ikkita bino sotib oldi va ularni yangi bosqichlarga o'tkazdi.[64][65] Ekipaj va studiya maydoni ikkala prodaktsiya o'rtasida bo'linib ketganligi sababli, teleserialni suratga olish avvalgi tezlikning yarmida davom etdi, chunki APFning B ekipaji oyiga bitta epizod ishlab chiqardi.[66] Suratga olish davom etmoqda Momaqaldiroq qushlari bor iyun oyiga qadar yakunlanib, ekipajga "Rikochet" epizodi bo'lmish filmni suratga olish uchun ishni davom ettirishga imkon berdi.[66]

Ishlab chiqarish Momaqaldiroq qushlari 1966 yil avgustda Ikkinchi seriyaning oltinchi qismi yakunlanishi bilan yakunlandi.[16][67] O'sha yilning fevral oyida Grade AQShda vaqtni belgilash vaqtidagi kelishmovchiliklar tufayli seriyalarni sota olmaganligi haqida xabar berilgan edi.[68][69] Iyul oyida u bekor qilindi Momaqaldiroq qushlari amerikalik xaridorni ta'minlashga qaratilgan ikkinchi urinishida muvaffaqiyatsizlikka uchraganidan keyin.[61][67] O'sha paytdagi AQShning uchta yirik tarmog'iNBC, CBS va ABC - Grade narxni bir necha bor oshirgan holda, ketma-ketlikni taklif qildi. NBC o'z taklifini qaytarib olgach, qolgan ikkitasi darhol ergashdi.[67][70]

Bekor qilingan vaqtga kelib, Momaqaldiroq qushlari Buyuk Britaniyada keng ommalashgan va chet elda keng tarqalgan.[71][72] Biroq, Grade, Amerikadagi tarmoq savdosining moliyaviy ko'magi bo'lmasdan, to'liq ikkinchi seriya ishlab chiqarish xarajatlarini qoplay olmaydi, deb hisoblar edi.[61][68] Shuning uchun u Andersondan AQShning foydali bozori ustidan g'alaba qozonish uchun ko'proq imkoniyat bo'lishiga umid qiladigan yangi kontseptsiyani ishlab chiqishni so'radi.[61][68] Bu bo'ldi Kapitan Skarlet va Mysterons.[67]

Kasting va obrazlar

Muntazam qo'g'irchoqlar aktyori[27]
IsmRol (lar)Ovoz bergan
Jeff TreysiIQ rahbariPiter Dyneyli
Skott TreysiThunderbird 1 uchuvchi, Thunderbird 3 ikkinchi uchuvchi[4-eslatma]Sheyn Rimmer
Virjil TreysiThunderbird 2 uchuvchiDevid Xolliday (Birinchi seriya)
Jeremi Uilkin (Ikkinchi seriya)
Alan TreysiThunderbird 3 kosmonavt, Thunderbird 5 Space MonitorMett Zimmerman[5-eslatma]
Gordon TreysiThunderbird 4 akuanaut, Thunderbird 2 ikkinchi uchuvchiDevid Grem
Jon TreysiThunderbird 5 Space Monitor, Thunderbird 3 kosmonavtRey Barret
MiyalarMuhandis, olim, ixtirochiDevid Grem
Kalay-qalay KiranoTa'minot texnikasi, laboratoriya yordamchisi[16]Kristin Fin
KiranoManservant, oshpazDevid Grem
Treysi buviUy bekasi, oshpaz[16]Kristin Fin
Lady PenelopeLondonning agentiSilviya Anderson
Aloysius ParkerPenelopaning butler va haydovchisiDevid Grem
KaputJinoyatchi, qorong'u sehrgarRey Barret

Ovoz yozish mashg'ulotlari Andersons va Reg Xill tomonidan nazorat qilingan, kastingda Silviya Anderson mas'ul bo'lgan.[24][73] Muloqot har oyda bir marta, har bir sessiya uchun ikkita stsenariydan yozilgan.[74] Yordamchi qismlar oldindan tayinlanmagan, ammo aktyorlar guruhi tomonidan o'zaro kelishilgan.[73] Har bir mashg'ulotda ikkita yozuv yozilishi kerak edi: biri qo'g'irchoqni suratga olish uchun elektron impulsga aylantiriladi, ikkinchisi post-prodyuser paytida ovoz qo'shig'iga qo'shiladi.[75] Lentalar "Gate Recording Theatre" da tahrir qilingan Birmingem.[76]

Transatlantik apellyatsiya manfaati uchun asosiy qahramonlar asosan amerikaliklar bo'lishiga qaror qilindi va shu sababli tegishli aksentni yaratishga qodir aktyorlardan foydalanildi.[22][32] Britaniyalik, kanadalik va avstraliyalik aktyorlar ovozli aktyorlarning katta qismini tashkil etishdi; ishtirok etgan yagona amerikalik sahna aktyori edi Devid Xolliday, Londonda kim e'tiborini tortdi West End va Virgil Treysining bir qismi berilgan.[74][77][78] Birinchi seriya tugagandan so'ng, Xolliday AQShga qaytib keldi. Bu belgi ingliz-kanadalik aktyor tomonidan aytilgan Jeremi Uilkin uchun Momaqaldiroq qushlari bor, Ikkinchi va Thunderbird 6.[79]

Britaniyalik aktyor Devid Grem birinchilar qatoriga qo'shildi.[80] U ilgari personajlarni ovoz bilan aytgan edi To'rt patlar sharsharasi, Superkar, Fireball XL5 va Stingray.[78] APF mahsulotlaridan tashqari u asl nusxalardan birini taqdim etgan Dalek ovozlar yoqilgan Doktor kim.[78] Grem bilan birga aktyorlar avstraliyalik aktyor bo'lgan Rey Barret.[77] Grem singari, u ilgari ham Titan va qo'mondon Shorni ovoz chiqarib, Andersonsda ishlagan Stingray.[81] Radio drama faxriysi bo'lgan Barret bir qator ovozlar va aksinalarni ketma-ket ijro etishda mahoratli edi.[77] Haftaning yovuz odamlari odatda Barret yoki Grem tomonidan aytiladi.[78] Ning sezgir siyosiy iqlimidan xabardor Sovuq urush va "Rossiyaning dushmani ekanligi haqidagi g'oyani bolalarning butun avlodini tomosha qilish bilan davom ettirishni" istamay, Gerri Anderson Hoodni (Barret ovoz bergan) sharqona bo'lishiga qaror qildi va tomoshabinning umidlarini inkor etish uchun Malayziyadagi ibodatxonasini joylashtirdi.[82][83][84]

Garchi Ledi Penelopa va Parker (ikkinchisi Grem tomonidan aytilgan) birinchi bo'lib ishlab chiqilgan belgilar qatorida bo'lishgan bo'lsa ham, ularning ikkalasi ham asosiy rol sifatida o'ylanmagan.[85][86] Parker Kokni uslubi pabdagi ofitsiantga asoslangan edi Kukxem ba'zan ekipaj tomonidan tashrif buyurgan.[86] Gerri Andersonning tavsiyasiga binoan Grem aksani o'rganish uchun u erda muntazam ravishda ovqatlanib turardi.[87] Penelopaning roli uchun Andersonning birinchi tanlovi bo'lgan Fenella Filding, ammo Silviya bu qismni o'zi olishini talab qildi.[78][88] Uning Penelopa ovozi Fildingga taqlid qilishga qaratilgan edi Joan Grinvud.[78] Penelopa va Parkerning ikkinchi darajali roli haqida kulgili yengillik, "Biz inglizlar o'zimizdan kulishimiz mumkin, shuning uchun bizda Penelopa va Parker bu komediya jamoasi bo'lgan. Va Amerikada ular ingliz zodagonlarini ham yaxshi ko'rishadi", deb tushuntirdi.[32]

Shuningdek, Jeff Treysi, ingliz-kanadalik aktyor Piter Dyneyli London xalqaro aeroporti havo harakatini boshqarish boshlig'i, komandir Normanning takrorlanadigan xarakterini aytdi. Uning yordamchi xarakterli ovozlari odatda yuqori sinf inglizlari edi.[74] Sheyn Rimmer, Skottning ovozi, Bi-bi-si seriyali operasida ijro etilishi kuchiga bog'liq edi Yilni.[77] Ayni paytda, o'rtoq kanadalik Mett Zimmerman jarayonning oxirgi bosqichida tanlangan.[74] Chet elda bo'lgan West End aktyoriga uning do'sti Xollidayning tavsiyasi bilan Alan rolini berishdi: "Ular Alanning rolini ijro etishda katta qiyinchiliklarga duch kelishdi, chunki ular unga eng kichik birodar sifatida ma'lum bir ovoz berishni xohladilar. Devid ] mendan biroz kattaroq bo'lib, ularga bu do'stim borligini aytdi, u menga zo'r bo'lardi. "[89]

Kristin Fin, teleserialdagi roli bilan tanilgan Quatermass va Pit, Tin-Tin Kyrano va Treysi buvi.[78] Silviya Anderson bilan u ayol va bolalarni qo'llab-quvvatlovchi belgilarning aksariyatini ovoz bilan ifodalashga mas'ul edi. Yordamchi qismlar vaqti-vaqti bilan ovoz chiqarib yuborishgan Jon Teyt, Pol Maksvell va Charlz Tingvell; Ikkinchi seriya ularning hissalaridan so'ng Ikkinchi seriyadagi aktyorlar tarkibiga qo'shildi Momaqaldiroq qushlari bor. Ushbu uchta aktyorning birortasi ham o'z o'yinlari uchun munosib deb topilmadi.[89][90]

Dizayn va effektlar

Filmni suratga olish uchun ishlatiladigan qo'g'irchoq bosqichlari Momaqaldiroq qushlari standart jonli efirda ishlab chiqarish uchun ishlatiladiganlarning atigi beshdan bir qismi edi, odatda uch metr balandlikdagi (9,8 fut) shiftga ega 12-14 metr (39 dan 46 fut) gacha.[91][92] Bob Bell, yordam beradi Keyt Uilson va Grenvil Nott Birinchi seriyaning badiiy bo'limini boshqargan.[93] Bir vaqtning o'zida Ikkinchi va ikkinchi seriyalarni suratga olish paytida Momaqaldiroq qushlari bor 1966 yilda Bell filmga ishonib topshirdi to'siq dizayni Uilsonga teleserial uchun.[94]

San'at bo'limining ichki to'plamlari effektlar bo'limining tashqi rejalariga mos kelishi zarur bo'lganligi sababli, har bir jamoa boshqalarning ishini diqqat bilan kuzatib bordi.[95] Silviya Andersonning so'zlariga ko'ra, Bellning vazifasi cheklangan byudjetda murakkab interyerlarni ishlab chiqarish bo'lib, effektlar bo'limining "ko'proq ekstravagant" dizaynga qarshi turishiga qarshi turish edi.[95] Ushbu vazifa qo'g'irchoqlarning g'ayritabiiy nisbati bilan murakkablashdi: Bell to'plamlarni tanalariga yoki katta boshlari va qo'llariga mutanosib ravishda qurish kerakmi, degan qarorga kelishga qiynaldi.[96] U muammoni tasvirlash uchun FAB 1 misolidan foydalangan: "Biz [qo'g'irchoqlarni] [model bilan] yonma-yon turganimizdan so'ng, ular bema'ni ko'rinishga ega edilar, chunki mashina ularning ustida turardi".[97] U oxir-oqibat "aralashtirish" uslubini qo'llagan, unda dasturxon kabi kichik buyumlar qo'llariga, mebel esa tanasiga tarozi solingan.[96]

Creighton-Ward Mansion majmuasini loyihalashda Bell va uning xodimlari miniatyuraga buyurtma berib, haqiqiyligi uchun harakat qilishdi. Tudor rasmlar,1⁄3- o'lchov Gruzin - va Regency - oq ayiq terisi shaklidagi uslubdagi mebel va gilamchalar.[96][97] Ushbu realizm maishiy chiqindilar va elektronika do'konlaridan sotib olingan buyumlarni qo'shish orqali yaxshilandi.[93] Masalan, changyutgich trubkasi Virgil Tracy-ning ishga tushirish trubasi bo'lib xizmat qiladi.[98]

Qo'g'irchoqlar

Bosh qo'g'irchoq haykaltaroshlar edi Kristin Glanvil va Meri Tyorner, u ham qo'g'irchoq qo'g'irchoqlar sifatida xizmat qilgan.[99] Glanvill va Tyornerning jamoasi olti oy ichida asosiy tarkibning 13 a'zosini bir qo'g'irchoq uchun 250 funtdan 300 funtgacha (2019 yilda taxminan 5100 funtdan 6100 funtgacha) narxda qurdilar.[97][100] Bir vaqtning o'zida alohida epizodlar alohida sahnalarda suratga olinganligi sababli, personajlar ikki nusxada haykaltarosh bo'lishi kerak edi.[101] O'zgaruvchan boshlar yordamida yuz ifodalari xilma-xil edi: shuningdek, neytral ifodali bosh, har bir asosiy belgiga "jilmayuvchi", "qovoq" va "miltillovchi" berildi.[35][102] Tayyor qo'g'irchoqlarning bo'yi taxminan 22 dyuym (56 sm) yoki1⁄3 kattalar odamining bo'yi.[91][103]

Qo'g'irchoqlar 30 dan ortiq individual komponentlardan tashkil topgan, ularning eng muhimi elektromagnit bu lablar harakatlarini belgilarning oldindan yozib olingan dialogi bilan sinxronlashtirgan.[104] Ushbu qurilma bosh bo'lagi ichida joylashgan; Binobarin, torslar va oyoq-qo'llar nisbatan kichik bo'lib ko'rindi.[97] Qo'g'irchoqlarning o'xshashligi va mexanikasini qo'g'irchoq Vanda Braun yaxshi eslaydi, u esa uni afzal ko'rgan Momaqaldiroq qushlari birinchi marta paydo bo'lgan aniq mutanosib bo'lganlarga nisbatan marionettes Kapitan Skarlet: "Qo'g'irchoqlarni boshqarish osonroq va zavqliroq edi, chunki ular ular uchun ko'proq xarakterga ega edilar ... Hatto normal ko'rinishga ega yuzlar, masalan, Skott va Jef ham men uchun kelgan seriyadagi qo'g'irchoqlardan ko'ra ko'proq xarakterga ega edilar. keyin. "[100] Rimmer qo'g'irchoqlarning hanuzgacha "juda ko'p karikaturalar" ekanligi haqida ijobiy gapiradi, chunki bu ularni "yanada yoqimli va jozibali qildi ... Ularda sodda sifat bor edi va juda murakkab narsa yo'q edi".[105]

Bosh qahramonlarning ko'rinishi odatda shou-biznes katalogidan tanlangan aktyorlar va boshqa ko'ngil ochuvchilarning ilhomlantirishi edi. Diqqat markazida.[100] Glanvillning so'zlariga ko'ra, avvalgi seriyalarning kuchli karikaturasidan uzoqlashish tendentsiyasining bir qismi sifatida APF qo'g'irchoqlar uchun "ko'proq tabiiy yuzlar" izlamoqda.[97] Jeff Treysining yuzi bunga asoslangan edi Lorne Grin,[26][35] Skott davom etmoqda Shon Konneri,[97][100] Alan ochiq Robert Rid,[35] John on Adam imon va Charlton Xeston,[106][107] Miyalar yoqilgan Entoni Perkins[99] va Parker yoqilgan Ben Uorris.[35][108] Silviya Anderson Penelopa fe'l-atvorini o'xshashlik va ovoz bilan hayotga olib keldi: uning sinov shakllari rad etilgandan so'ng, haykaltarosh Meri Tyorner Andersonning o'zini shablon sifatida ishlatishga qaror qildi.[109]

Dastlab ikkalasida ham asosiy belgilar boshlari haykaltaroshlik qilingan Plastilin yoki gil. Umumiy jihat yakunlangandan so'ng, bu a uchun shablon bo'lib xizmat qildi silikon kauchuk mog'or.[35] Bondaglass bilan qoplangan (shisha tola qatron bilan aralashtirilgan) va konturlarni ta'kidlash uchun Bondapaste macuniga o'xshash modda bilan yaxshilangan.[99][110] Bondaglass qobig'iga elektromagnit, og'izdan yasalgan teri qismlari va plastik ko'zlar, shuningdek, Supermarionation ishlab chiqarish uchun birinchi tish kesuvchi tishlar o'rnatildi.[111] Plastmassa boshli "revamplar" deb nomlanuvchi qo'g'irchoqlar yordamchi belgilarni tasvirlashdi.[112] Ushbu marionetlar ish hayotini faqat og'iz va ko'z bilan boshlashgan; ularning yuzlari bir epizoddan ikkinchisiga o'zgartirildi.[113][114] Ayniqsa, ajoyib revamp qoliplari saqlanib qoldi va ularning soni ko'payishi bilan ichki kasting katalogini tuzish uchun suratga olindi.[115]

Pariklar yaratilgan tiftik yoki Penelopa qo'g'irchog'ida inson sochlari.[35][116] Qo'g'irchoq korpuslar uchta o'lchamda qurilgan: "katta erkak" (Tracys va Kaput uchun maxsus), "kichik erkak" va "kichik ayol".[35][117] Bosh kostyumlar ustasi Silviya Anderson asosiy qahramonlarning liboslarini o'ylab topdi.[24][118] Qo'g'irchoqlarga harakatchanlikni oshirish uchun kostyumlar bo'limi odatda paxta, ipak va jun bilan ishlash o'rniga qattiq sintetik materiallardan voz kechdi.[35] 1964 yildan 1966 yilgacha bo'limda 700 dan ortiq kostyumlar mavjud edi.[119]

Har bir qo'g'irchoqning boshiga o'nga yaqin ingichka narsa o'rnatilgan edi volfram po'latdir simlar.[116][120] Filmni suratga olish jarayonida studiyada interaktiv lenta magnitafonlari yordamida lentani elektron impulsga aylantirgan holda ijro etildi.[73] Ikkita sim bu impulslarni ichki elektromagnitga o'tkazib, Supermarionatsiya jarayonini yakunladi.[73] Ularning ko'rinishini kamaytirish uchun qora rangga purkalgan simlar to'plamning fon ranglariga mos keladigan kukunli bo'yoq qo'llanilishi orqali yanada kamroq sezildi.[101][121] Glanvill ushbu jarayonning ko'p vaqt talab qiladigan xususiyatini quyidagicha izohladi: "[qo'g'irchoqbozlar] ushbu simlardan xalos bo'lish uchun har bir otish uchun yarim soatdan ko'proq vaqt sarf qilar edilar, kamerani ko'rib, bu erda biroz ko'proq [bo'yoq] puflab,alangalanish U yerda; Va shuni aytmoqchimanki, kimdir bizga: "Albatta, simlar ko'rsatildi", deyishi juda achinarli. "[43] Qo'lbola xoch kiyimi bilan tepada joylashgan qo'g'irchoqlar harakatlarni koordinatsiya yordamida vizör - kuchga ega Videokamera teskari aloqa tizimi.[33] Filmni suratga olish jarayoni davom etar ekan, ekipaj simlardan voz kechishni boshladi va buning o'rniga studiya polidan qo'g'irchoqlarni boshqarishni boshladi novda yordamida.[122][123]

Biz har doim piyoda yurishni minimallashtirishga harakat qilganimiz uchun, qo'g'irchoqlarga faqat bir qadam qo'yishini, so'ngra darhol kesilishini ko'rsatdik. Dasturlarni "shu orada" sahnalar bilan aralashtirish orqali, ya'ni bir vaqtning o'zida hikoyada nimalar bo'layotganini namoyish qilish orqali - biz endi o'z qo'lida bo'lgan qo'g'irchoqqa murojaat qilardik.

- Alan Pattillo qo'g'irchoq harakati haqida[124]

Og'irligi pastligi va bitta oyog'iga bitta nazorat simini bo'lganligi sababli qo'g'irchoqlar ishonchli yura olmadilar. Shu sababli, harakatni o'z ichiga olgan sahnalar beldan yuqoriga suratga olingan, qo'g'irchoq oyoqlarini kamera darajasidan pastroq ushlab turgan va harakatni simulyatsiya qilish uchun "bobbing" harakatidan foydalangan.[58][106] Shu bilan bir qatorda, dinamik zarbalar umuman yo'q qilindi: bilan suhbatda Yangi olim, fotografiya rejissyori Jon Rid qo'g'irchoqlar "paydo bo'lishi, masalan, eshiklardan o'tishi (garchi boshqaruv simlari buni imkonsiz qilsa ham) yoki kofe stakanini ko'tarishi uchun (ularning barmoqlari bo'lsa ham) epchillikni chetlab o'tish afzalliklari haqida gapirdi. aslida birlashtirilmagan). "[125] Har qanday skriptlar epchil harakatlarni amalga oshirishni talab qilganda, inson qo'llarining jonli suratlari tushirilgan.[126]

Maxsus effektlar

Barcha APF seriyalari uchun effektlar Superkar ga NUJ tomonidan boshqarilgan Derek Meddings, keyinchalik kim ishlagan Jeyms Bond va Supermen filmlar.[127] Buni bilish Momaqaldiroq qushlari Meddings "[APF] ishlagan eng katta loyiha" bo'lar edi, chunki u barcha effektlarni yaratgan bitta suratga olish bo'limi bilan ish hajmini boshqarishga qiynaldi. Stingray.[39][128] Shuning uchun u texnik ostida ikkinchi bo'linmani tashkil etdi Brayan Jonkok va uchinchisi faqat havodagi ketma-ketlikni suratga olish uchun.[129] Ushbu kengayish APF ekipajlari sonini va bosqichlarini beshtaga ko'paytirdi.[129] 100 ga yaqin effektli kadrlarni o'z ichiga olgan odatiy epizod; Meddings jamoasi kuniga 18 tagacha yakunladi.[130][131][132]

Effektlar bo'limiga qo'shimcha bo'ldi Mayk Trim, Meddingsning transport vositalari va binolarni loyihalashtirishda yordamchisi bo'lib xizmat qilgan.[39][133] Meddings va Trim birgalikda "organik" dizayn texnikasini yaratdilar, unda modellar va to'plamlarning tashqi qiyofasi model to'plamlari va bolalar o'yinchoqlari qismlari bilan moslashtirildi.[134][135] Modellar va to'plamlar, shuningdek, chang bo'yoq bilan "ifloslangan" yoki qalam qo'rg'oshin ishlatilgan ko'rinishni yaratish.[136][137] O'yinchoq mashinalar va furgonlar ishlatilgan uzoq zarba, o'lchovli transport vositalari asosiy boshqaruv va to'xtatib turish qo'shimcha realizm uchun.[138][139] Miniatyura muxlislari va Jetex havo izlarini yoki kimyoviy chiqindilarni chiqarishga qodir granulalar pastki qismlarga chang yo'llarini simulyatsiya qilish uchun biriktirilgan.[40][139] Meddingsning yana bir ixtirosi - bu "aylanuvchi yo'l" laqabli yopiq, tsikli effektlar bosqichi: ikki yoki undan ortiq tezlikda harakatlanadigan polotno ko'chadan iborat bo'lib, ushbu moslama harakatlanayotgan transport vositalarining suratlarini statik to'plamga suratga olishga imkon berdi. cheklangan studiya maydonidan foydalanish.[140][141] Havodagi samolyotlarning ketma-ketligi "aylanayotgan osmonga" qarshi o'rnatildi, tutun o'tib ketayotgan bulutlarni simulyatsiya qilish uchun.[33]

Ikki qo'shni qanotli qasr, oldida shag'al haydash va maysazor
Stourhead uyi, 18-asr Palladian bino, ko'rinishini ilhomlantirdi Creighton-Ward Mansion.[142]

Meddingsning birinchi vazifalaridan biri otish edi stok tasvirlari ning Momaqaldiroq mashinalar va seriyaning asosiy joylari - Treysi oroli va Kreyton-Uord Mansion.[143][144] Tayyor orol modeli o'ndan ziyod kichik to'plamlardan iborat bo'lib, ular butunlay ajralib, alohida suratga olinishi mumkin edi.[145] Qasrning me'morchiligi joylashgan Stourhead uyining arxitekturasiga asoslangan edi Stourhead mulki Wiltshire-da.[142] Bo'lib ishlagan bosh dizayner Reg Xil yo'qligida sherik ishlab chiqaruvchi, Meddings-ga qo'shimcha ravishda loyihalashtirish vazifasi qo'yildi Momaqaldiroq flot va FAB 1.[22] Oltita asosiy avtoulov uchun o'lchovli modellar pudratchi, Middlesex-ning Master Models tomonidan qurilgan.[28][146] Modellar va qo'g'irchoqlar to'plamlari birlashtirilgan, 200 dan ortiq versiyalari Momaqaldiroq seriyalar uchun mashinalar yaratilgan.[147]

Loyihalash va suratga olish jarayonida Meddingsning birinchi ustuvor yo'nalishlari realizm va ishonch edi.[148] Bundan mustasno Thunderbird 5, har bir transport vositasi uch-to'rt o'lchovda qurilgan.[149] Meddings ' qanotli uchun tushuncha Thunderbird 1 uning sobit qanotli samolyotga qaraganda "dinamikroq" narsa yaratish istagidan ilhomlangan.[150] U prototipidan norozi bo'lib qoldi Thunderbird 2 u qanotlarini teskari aylantirguncha, keyinroq "... o'sha paytda barcha samolyotlarning orqa qanotlari supurilgan edi. Men buni faqat boshqacha bo'lishi uchun qildim."[28] Ushbu qaror shaxsiy xohish-istak asosida qabul qilingan va Meddings tomonidan biron bir mutaxassis tomonidan ma'lum qilinmagan.[151][152] U tasvirlangan Thunderbird 2 uning jamoasi APF ishlab chiqarishi uchun o'ylab topgan "ehtimol eng esda qolarli" ketma-ketlikni ishga tushirish.[152]

Ning eng katta modeli Thunderbird 3, uning dizayni bemalol Sovetga asoslangan edi Soyuz balandligi 1,8 metr bo'lgan raketa.[28] Thunderbird 4 suratga olish ayniqsa qiyin bo'lgan: modelning ko'lami tortishish tanki ichidagi suvga to'g'ri kelmaganligi sababli, realistik nuqtai nazarni yaratish uchun kameraning ijodiy burchaklari va tezkor tahriridan foydalanilgan.[153] Thunderbird 5, Meddingsni tasavvur qilish uchun eng qiyin vosita, Tracy Island Island Round House-ga asoslangan edi.[96] Kosmik stantsiyaning aksariyat ko'rinishlari stok tasvirlari bilan ta'minlanganligi sababli, model kamdan-kam hollarda suratga olingan.[154] Pod transport vositalari epizodlar bo'yicha ishlab chiqilgan va balzam daraxtidan qurilgan, Jelutong yog'och yoki shisha tolali.[155] Vaqt va xarajatlarni tejash uchun boshqa kichik avtoulovlar o'zlarining uylarida radio boshqariladigan model to'plamlaridan ishlab chiqarilgan.[28][136]

Ledi Penelopa va Parkerning qo'g'irchoqlari ichkariga kirishi kerak bo'lganligi sababli, barcha modellarning eng kattasi - bu qurilishi 2500 funt sterling (2019 yilda taxminan 51000 funt) bo'lgan yetti futli FAB 1 edi.[156] Rolls-Royce nomi va rangini Silviya Anderson tanlagan.[157] Rolls-Royce Ltd. kontrplak modelining qurilishini nazorat qildi va APF-ni asl nusxasi bilan ta'minladi radiator panjarasi avtomobilning old tomonini yaqin masofadan tortishish uchun.[158][159] O'zining hamkorlik evaziga kompaniya a Ekstaz ruhi shassiga mahkamlang va belgilar "Rolls" kabi qisqartmalar bilan markaga murojaat qilishdan saqlansin.[158][160]

Harbiy aviabazada bir kishilik reaktiv samolyotlar, ularning soyabonlari ochiq holda saf tortgan.
Ba'zi samolyotlarning ovoz effektlari RAF-ni yozish orqali yaratilgan Qizil o'qlar parvoz paytida aerobatika namoyishi jamoasi.[161]

Kabi moddalar yordamida o'lchovli portlashlar yaratilgan to'liq er, benzin jel, magniy chiziqlari va Kordtex portlovchi.[43][162] Dastlab ular 120 yoshgacha suratga olingan soniyada kadrlar (f.p.s.), shuning uchun odatdagiga sekinlashganda 24 f.p.s., ularning aniq kattaligi va uzunligi ko'paytirilishi kerak edi.[31][163] Raketa samolyotlarini yaratish uchun porox qutilari yoqildi.[52] Raketalarni elektron ravishda otgan simlar, shuningdek, xoch formasini ushlagan va tepada joylashgan portalda joylashgan ekipaj a'zosiga modelni to'plam ustida "uchib" o'tishga imkon berdi.[52] Hozirgacha eng noqulay model edi Thunderbird 2, Meddings uchish uchun "dahshatli" deb esladi.[151][164] Ishonchsiz raketalar va zaif simlarning birikmasi tez-tez muammolarni keltirib chiqarmoqda: birinchisi sekin yonishi kerak bo'lsa, oqim tezda qizib ketishiga olib keladi va bu modelga zarar etkazishi va hatto to'plamga o't qo'yishi mumkin.[151][165] Issiqlik va tutun tufayli studiya qavatining ustidagi holatlar ko'pincha xavfli edi.[42] Seriyada ishlatilgan ko'plab chiqindi ovoz effektlari audio kutubxonadan olingan bo'lsa-da, ba'zilari a paytida maxsus yozib olingan Qizil o'qlar ko'rsatish RAF Little Rissington Gloucestershire-da.[161][166]

1966 yilga kelib Meddingsning majburiyatlari Ikkinchi va ikkinchi seriyalar o'rtasida taqsimlandi Momaqaldiroq qushlari bor.[57] Meddings film ustida ishlaganida, televizor effektlarini boshqarish mas'uliyatini operator operator Jimmi Elliott o'z zimmasiga oldi.[167] Ushbu bosqichga kelib, asosiy ramka Thunderbird 2 juda ko'p marta buzilganligi sababli, modelni noldan tiklash kerak edi.[168] Meddings natijadan norozi bo'lib, uning o'rnini bosish "nafaqat noto'g'ri rang, balki u butunlay boshqacha shakl edi ... Men hech qachon bizning model ishlab chiqaruvchilarimiz asl nusxasini qayta tiklashga muvaffaq bo'lganini sezmaganman".[168]

Tanqidchi Devid Garlandning ta'kidlashicha, bu muammo oldida turibdi Momaqaldiroq qushlari effektlar bo'limi "" futuristik "ning odatdagi ilmiy-fantastik talablari" va "Andersons qo'g'irchoqlariga yondashuvi bilan belgilanadigan giperrealistik xavotirlar" o'rtasida muvozanatni o'rnatishi kerak edi.[169] Momaqaldiroq qushlari ta'sirining sifati uchun maqtovga sazovor bo'ldi. Jim Sangster va Pol Kondon Kollinz Telli uchun qo'llanma, namunaviy ishni "bir xil darajada ta'sirchan" deb hisoblang.[2] Kimga Pol Kornell, Martin Day va Kit Topping, yozuvchilar Ginnesning ingliz klassik televizorlari kitobi, effektlar "ilgari televizorda ko'rilgan narsalardan tashqari".[170] Ularning ishlaridan taassurot qoldirdi Momaqaldiroq qushlari, kinorejissyor Stenli Kubrik effektlarni tortishishni nazorat qilish uchun Meddings shtabining bir nechta xodimlarini yolladi 2001 yil: "Kosmik odisseya".[171][172]

Sarlavha ketma-ketligi

Gerri Anderson
Gerri Anderson sarlavha ketma-ketligini rejalashtirgan.

Seriya ' sarlavha ketma-ketligi, Gerri Anderson tomonidan tasvirlangan stsenariy ikki qismdan iborat. U "5, 4, 3, 2, 1:" deb hisoblash bilan ochiladi. Momaqaldiroq qushlari Dyneley tomonidan Jeff Treysi sifatida taqdim etilgan![44] Uslubidan chiqib ketishda Stingray, Momaqaldiroq qushlari Sarlavha ketma-ketligi har bir epizodga qarab o'zgarib turadi: birinchi qism syujetni oldindan ko'rish vazifasini bajaruvchi aksiyalar montajidan iborat. Gerri Andersonning biograflari Saymon Archer va Markus Xirn ushbu qurilmani film bilan yaxshi taqqoslashadi treyler.[44]

Bastakor hamrohligida ikkinchi qism Barri Grey ning " Momaqaldiroq qushlari March", features portraits of the main puppet cast superimposed on various vehicles and settings.[44] Peel describes this as "ostensibly a return to the 'series stars' concept long known in TV", while Garland considers such imagery demonstrative of Anderson's commitment to "incremental realism" through a convergence of human and puppet characteristics.[173][174] Essayist Jonathan Bignell suggests that the use of portraits conveys Anderson's partiality to "visual revelation of machines and physical action".[175]

According to Daniel O'Brien, writer of SF:UK: How British Science Fiction Changed the World, Momaqaldiroq qushlari title sequence encapsulates the reasons for the series' enduring popularity.[8] Dyneley's countdown is particularly well remembered and has been widely quoted.[9][176][177] Dean Newman of the Syfy channel website ranks Momaqaldiroq qushlari eighth in a list of "Top 10 TV title sequences", while Geek den 's Martin Anderson considers the sequence the best of any TV series.[178][179]

Musiqa

Qo'shimcha ma'lumotlar: Thunderbirds merchandise § Music

The score was composed by Gray, who served as musical director for all of the Anderson productions up to the first series of Kosmik: 1999 yil. In response to Gerry Anderson's request that the main theme have a "military feel", Gray produced a guruch -dominated piece titled "The Momaqaldiroq qushlari March", which was recorded in December 1964 at Olimpiya studiyalari Londonda.[45][180] The end titles were originally to have been accompanied by "Flying High", a lyrical track sung by Gari Miller qo'llab-quvvatlash bilan Ken Barri.[58] Ultimately, a variation of the march was used instead.[180] Tasodifiy musiqa was recorded over nine months between March and December 1965.[180][181] As most of the music budget was spent on the series' earlier episodes, later instalments drew heavily on APF's ever-expanding music library.[180][181]

Peel considers "The Momaqaldiroq qushlari March" to be "one of the best TV themes ever written—perfect for the show and catchy when heard alone".[182] Morag Reavley of BBC Online argues that the piece is "up there ... in the quintessential soundtrack of the Sixties" with the Jeyms Bond films and the songs of Frank Sinatra, Elvis va Bitlz.[183] More generally, he praises the series' "catchy, pulse-quickening tunes", as well as Gray's aptitude for "musical nuance" and the mixing of genres.[183] Xezer Fare Allmusic considers "Thunderbirds Are Go!"—the track accompanying the launch sequences of Momaqaldiroq qushlari 1, 2 va 3—to be a reflection of the mod aspect of 1960s British spy fiction.[184] She also highlights Gray's homage to—and divergence from—musical norms, commenting that his score "sends up the spy and action/adventure conventions of the '60s very stylishly and subtly".[184]

David Huckvale identifies Vagnerian homage in both the theme music and the series' premise.[185] Noting that the theme's opening string ostinato is similar in effect to a recurring motif yilda Valkyries safari, he also likens the Momaqaldiroq mashinalari Valkyries themselves: "Their function is more benevolent than those warrior maidens, but they qil hover over danger, death and destruction."[185] Kevin J. Donnelly of the Sauthempton universiteti acknowledges the series' "big-sounding orchestral score", which he compares to that of a live-action film.[186] He also suggests that the music serves partly to draw attention away from the physical imperfections of the puppets.[186]

Eshittirish

Momaqaldiroq qushlari had its UK debut on 30 September 1965 on the ATV Midlands, G'arbiy tomon va Kanal franchises of the ITV tarmog'i.[187] Other franchises, including ATV London va Granada, began showing it the following month.[71][187] The Christmas-themed series finale, "Give or Take a Million ", was first broadcast on 25 December 1966.[188]

Despite Grade's decision to double the running time to 50 minutes, Momaqaldiroq qushlari was also sold in a two-part, 25-minute episode format.[45] Each "concluding" part began with a narration by Shane Rimmer summarising the first part's action.[189] Granada first showed the series in this format, airing both episode parts on the same night (one before and one after the ITN Evening News ).[189][190] It broadcast the original format for the first time when it began repeats in 1966.[189] In 1968, the franchise briefly screened episodes in three parts due to timeslot restrictions.[189] In the Midlands, ATV broadcast Series One in the hour-long format; Series Two, along with repeats of Series One, was then shown in the two-part format on consecutive evenings.[191][192] The availability of re-runs varied greatly. ATV Midlands hosted regular repeats into the early 1970s; by contrast, between 1968 and 1976 Yorkshire Television showed no episodes at all.[67][193] The series was last transmitted on the ITV network in 1981.[193]

In 1990, eight of the 19 audio episodes released by APF Records were turned into radio dramas for broadcast on BBC radiosi 5.[189] The radio series was a success and prompted the BBC to acquire the rights to the TV episodes, which it aired on BBC2 (in all UK regions simultaneously) from September 1991.[193][194] After this first run, which averaged more than six million viewers per episode, the BBC repeated the series six times: from 1992 to 1993 (Series One only), 1994 to 1995 (nine episodes only), 2000 to 2001 (in qayta tiklandi form), and 2003, 2005 and 2006.[62][195][196][197] Other channels to have shown the series include Buyuk Britaniya Oltin (1994 yildan 1995 yilgacha), Bravo (1996–97), Multfilm tarmog'i (2001–02), Bumerang (2001–03) and Syfy (2009).[198][199] In Scotland, the BBC aired a Gael dub, Tairnearan Tar As ("Momaqaldiroq qushlari bor") in 1993 and 1994.[200]

1960 yillar davomida, Momaqaldiroq qushlari was distributed in about 30 countries including the US, Canada, Australia and Japan.[57][71] International advance sales totalled £350,000 (about £7 million in 2019).[57][71] In Japan, where it was first broadcast by NHK, Momaqaldiroq qushlari acquired a significant fan following and influenced the series Ultraman, Qudratli Jek, Himitsu Sentay Gorenger, Super Rescue Solbrain va Neon Genesis Evangelion.[201][202][203][204] In the US, the 25-minute format was placed in birinchi ishlaydigan sindikat in 1968 to modest success.[26][68] Internationally, the series has also been broadcast by TechTV va Family Room HD (BIZ), BBC Kids va YTV (Kanada), To'qqiz tarmoq va Fokstel (Avstraliya), TV3 (Yangi Zelandiya), MediaCorp TV12 (Singapur) va RTÉ Ikki (Republic of Ireland).[205][206][207][208][209]

Qabul qilish

Momaqaldiroq qushlari is generally considered the Andersons' most popular series and their greatest critical and commercial success.[6][210][211] In 1966, the series received a Qirollik televideniye jamiyati Silver Medal for Outstanding Artistic Achievement and Gerry Anderson received an honorary fellowship of the Britaniya kinematografi, tovush va televidenie jamiyati.[67] 2007 yilda, Momaqaldiroq qushlari achieved 19th place in a Radio Times magazine reader poll to determine the best science-fiction TV programme of all time.[212] It is ranked fourth by the 2013 5-kanal list show 50 Greatest Kids' TV Shows.[213]

For Peel, Momaqaldiroq qushlari is "without a doubt the peak of the Supermarionation achievement".[214] Suggesting that the series is pitched at a "more adult" level than its predecessors, he adds that its sense of adventure, effective humour and "gripping and convincing" episodes ensured that "everyone in the audience found something to love about it."[215][216] Simon Xefer, muxlisi Momaqaldiroq qushlari in childhood, commented positively on the series for Daily Telegraph in 2011: "All the elements we children discerned in whatever grown-up television we had been allowed to watch were present in Momaqaldiroq qushlari: dramatic theme and incidental music; well-developed plots; goodies and baddies; swaggering Americans, at a time when the whole of Britain was in a madaniy buzilish ularga; and, of course, glamorous locations ... Then, of course, there was the nail-biting tension of the rescues themselves ..."[217] Film tanqidchisi Kim Nyuman describes the series as a "television perennial".[218]

In his foreword to John Marriott's book, Momaqaldiroq qushlari ketmoqda!, Anderson put forward several explanations for the series' enduring popularity: it "contains elements that appeal to most children—danger, jeopardy and destruction. But because International Rescue's mission is to save life, there is no gratuitous violence."[219] Andersonning so'zlariga ko'ra, Momaqaldiroq qushlari incorporates a "strong family atmosphere, where Dad reigns supreme".[219] Both O'Brien and script editor Alan Pattillo have praised the series' positive "family values".[220][221] In addition, Heffer and others have written of its cross-generational appeal.[217][222] In 2000, shortly before the series' BBC revival, Brayan Viner ichida qayd etdi Radio Times bu Momaqaldiroq qushlari was on the point of "captivating yet another generation of viewers".[223] Styuart Gud uchun yozish Tomoshabin in 1965, praised Momaqaldiroq qushlari as a "modern fairy tale"; adding that it "can sometimes be frightening", he recommended that children watch it accompanied by their parents.[224] Yozish Dreamwatch in 1994, Andrew Thomas described Momaqaldiroq qushlari as only "nominally" a children's programme: "Its themes are universal and speak as much to the adult in the child as the child in the adult."[225]

Jeff Evans, muallifi Pingvin televizion hamrohi, argues that the series' 50-minute format allows for stronger character development and "tension-building".[222] O'Brien is less positive in his appraisal of the writing, asserting that the plots are often "formulaic" and are sometimes "stretched to snapping point" by the extended running time.[8] Cornell, Day and Topping are critical: they consider the writing at times "woefully poor" and argue that Momaqaldiroq qushlari as a whole is "often as clichéd as previous Anderson series".[170] Peel, despite praising the storylines and characterisation, suggests that the "tongue-in-cheek" humour of Stingray is less evident.[226] Qaerda Momaqaldiroq qushlari improves on its predecessor, Peel believes, is in its rejection of fantasy plot devices, child and animal characters, comical and stereotyped villains and what he terms the "standard Anderson sexism": female characters, marginalised in earlier series, are more commonly seen to play active and sometimes heroic roles.[227]

Noting the attention to detail of the series' launch sequences, Jonathan Bignell argues that part of the motivation for dedicating large amounts of screen time to the Momaqaldiroq craft is the need to compensate for the limited mobility of the puppet cast.[175] The focus on futuristic machines has also been explored by cultural historian Nikolas J. Kull, who comments that of all the Andersons' series, Momaqaldiroq qushlari is the most evocative of a recurring theme: the "necessity of the human component of the machine", whereby the failures of new technology are overcome by "brave human beings and technology working together".[228][229] This makes the series' vision of the 2060s "wonderfully gumanistik and reassuring".[82] O'Brien similarly praises this optimism, comparing the Tracy family to guardian Ubermensh.[8] Yozish Simli Buyuk Britaniya jurnal, Uorren Ellis asserts that the series' scientific vision could inspire the next generation of "mad and frightening engineers", adding that Momaqaldiroq qushlari "trades in vast, demented concepts ... immense and very beautiful ideas as solutions to problems."[230]

Thomas argues that the world of Momaqaldiroq qushlari is similar to the 1960s to the extent that contemporary kapitalizm va sinf tuzilmalari appear to have survived mostly intact. He also observes, however, that wealth and high social status are often depicted as character flaws rather than strengths.[7] According to Thomas, a contributing factor to the series' lasting popularity is the realism of IR's machines.[225] Newman, for his part, suggests that "the point isn't realism. The 21st century of Momaqaldiroq qushlari is detailed ... but also de-populated, a high-tech toyland".[218] He is more negative in his comparisons of contemporary and future values, noting the "square, almost 50s" attitudes to race, gender and class.[218] With regard to stereotyping, Hood comments that he "would be happier if [villains] didn't seem to be recognisable by their pigmentation".[224] Cull, by contrast, considers the series largely progressive on the subject of race, arguing that it rejects negative qolipga solish through the use of "positive non-white characters" such as Kyrano and Tin-Tin.[82] However, he deems many of the one-off villains derivative, commenting that these characters are typically presented as "corrupt businessmen, spivs and gangsters familiar from crime films".[82]

Various commentators—including Bignell, Cull and O'Brien—have also discussed Momaqaldiroq qushlari as a product of the Cold War era. Bignell comments that the Hood's Oriental appearance and mysterious powers draw parallels with Jeyms Bond villains and fears of China operating as "a 'third force' antagonistic to the West".[8][231] Cull observes that, despite the series' focus on the dangers of nuclear technology, the Momaqaldiroq machines contradict this particular theme: in their case, "an image of technology associated with the threat of Cold War mass destruction—the rocket emerging from the hidden silo—was appropriated and deployed to saqlash life rather than to take it."[30] He argues that the series adheres more closely to cultural norms by drawing on the "Cold War cult of the secret agent whose skills defend the home from enemies unknown", noting Lady Penelope's role as a spy in addition to two episodes ("Tushdan 30 daqiqa o'tgach " and "The Man from MI.5") that are heavily influenced by the Jeyms Bond novels and film adaptations.[232]

During a 2001 exhibition dedicated to the series, Masaaki Hirakata, curator at the Tokio Metropolitan Fotosuratlar muzeyi, taqqoslangan Momaqaldiroq qushlari to "a modern sci-fi expression of bunraku, which probably explains why it was accepted so readily [in Japan]".[233]

The series' presentation of smoking was the subject of a study published in the medical journal Tamaki nazorati in 2002. Despite identifying examples in 26 episodes, Kate Hunt of the Glazgo universiteti degan xulosaga keldi Momaqaldiroq qushlari does not actively promote smoking—a view opposed by the Roy Castle o'pka saraton kasalligi fondi (RCLCF) at the time of the series' relaunch on BBC 2.[234][235] Rejecting the RCLCF's proposal that the remastered episodes be edited to digitally erase all visible cigarettes and cigars, the BBC stated that the series "does not glorify or encourage smoking" and described the activity as "incidental to the plot".[235]

Mahsulotlar

Asosiy maqola: Momaqaldiroq qushlari tovarlari

3000 dan ortiq Momaqaldiroq qushlari-themed products have been marketed since the series' debut.[196] To accommodate the high demand for taqish, APF established three dedicated subsidiaries: AP Films Merchandising, AP Films Music and AP Films Toys.[236][237] Some British commentators dubbed the 1966 end-of-year shopping season "Momaqaldiroq qushlari Christmas" due to the series' popularity.[67] 1990-yillarning boshlarida, Matchbox launched a new toy range to coincide with the BBC 2 repeats.[193] Sales figures for Christmas 1992 exceeded those achieved by the Yulduzlar jangi merchandising campaigns of the 1970s and 1980s.[194][238] Demand for Matchbox's Tracy Island Playset overwhelmed supply, resulting in shop fights and a substantial black market for the toy.[193]

A comic strip featuring the characters of Lady Penelope and Parker debuted in the early issues of APF Publishing's children's title TV asr 21 1965 yilda.[239][240] To'liq uzunlik Momaqaldiroq qushlari strip appeared a year later, at which point the Lady Penelope adventures were given their own comic.[240][241] Momaqaldiroq qushlari, Lady Penelope va Captain Scarlet and Thunderbirds annuals were published in the late 1960s; during the same period, eight original novels were written.[242] In 2008, FTL Publications of Minnesota launched a new series of tie-in novels.[243]

Between 1965 and 1967, APF Records released 19 audio episodes in the form of vinyl RaIlar.[244][245] Three are original stories; the rest are adapted from TV episode soundtracks, with additional narration provided by a member of the voice cast.[246][247] The series' first video game tie-in, developed for the Commodore 64 va ZX spektri computers, was released by Firebird dasturi 1985 yilda.[248] Other titles have since been released for the O'g'il bola rangi, Game Boy Advance va PlayStation 2.[249][250][251] During the late 1980s, the series was issued on home video for the first time by PolyGram and its subsidiary Channel 5. Following its acquisition by Carlton International Media 1999 yilda, Momaqaldiroq qushlari was digitally remastered for the release of the first DVD versions in 2000.[196] Blu-ray disk editions followed in 2008.[252][253]

Rasmiy Momaqaldiroq qushlari board game was published in 2015. Its designer is Mett Likok (dizayner Pandemiya boardgame). Three expansions for the core game were published in 2016: Above & Beyond, The Hood, and Tracy Island.[254]

Keyinchalik ishlab chiqarishlar

Asosiy maqola: Thunderbirds asosida ishlangan

Momaqaldiroq qushlari has been followed by two film sequels, a live-action film adaptation, two animated TV remakes and several re-edited presentations for TV broadcast and home video. The second of the remakes, Momaqaldiroq qushlari bor, premiered on ITV in 2015, the 50th anniversary year of the original.[3]

Film

The feature-length film sequels Momaqaldiroq qushlari bor va Thunderbird 6 were released in 1966 and 1968. The first was yashil rangda by Lew Grade before the TV series had started its broadcast run.[255] Written and produced by the Andersons and directed by David Lane, both films were distributed by Birlashgan rassomlar. Neither was a critical or commercial success, and Century 21 Cinema 's plans for further sequels were abandoned.[256][257]

In the early 1980s, episodes of Momaqaldiroq qushlari and other Supermarionation series were re-edited by ITC's New York offices to create a series of kompilyatsiya filmlari.[258] Branded "Super Space Theater", this format was mostly intended for family viewing on American cable and sindikatlangan Televizor.[258] Uch Momaqaldiroq qushlari features were produced: Thunderbirds to the Rescue, Thunderbirds in Outer Space va Falokat uchun orqaga hisoblash.[259]

Plans for a live-action film adaptation were first announced in 1993.[260][261] These eventually culminated in the 2004 film Momaqaldiroq qushlari, rejissor Jonathan Frakes tomonidan ishlab chiqarilgan StudioCanal va Ishchi filmlar. It was a critical and commercial failure and was poorly received by fans of the TV series.[229][262]

Televizor

The Andersons sold their intellectual and profit participation huquqlari Momaqaldiroq qushlari and their other productions in the 1970s.[263][264] As a result, they had no developmental control over subsequent adaptations of their works.[229][265] Momaqaldiroq qushlari was first remade for TV in the early 1980s as Momaqaldiroqlar 2086.[196][229] Bunda Anime re-imagining, set 20 years after the original, the vastly expanded IR is based within an arxologiya and operates 17 Momaqaldiroq mashinalar.[266] Undan ilhomlangan Momaqaldiroq, an updated story concept by Gerry Anderson and Reg Hill that later served as the basis for Anderson's Supermacromation seriyali Terrahavks.[267][268]

Two re-edited series, based on condensed versions of 13 of the original episodes, aired in the US in 1994.[260] Birinchi, Thunderbirds USA, qismi sifatida efirga uzatildi Fox Kids programming block; ikkinchisi, Turbocharged Thunderbirds, tomonidan sindikatlangan UPN.[269] Developed as a comedy, Turbocharged Thunderbirds moved the action to the planet "Thunder-World" and combined the original puppet footage with new live-action scenes featuring a pair of human teenagers.[270][271]

Shu qatorda; shu bilan birga Momaqaldiroq, Anderson developed other ideas for a remake. A 1976 concept, Inter-Galactic Rescue 4, was to have featured a variable-configuration craft capable of performing rescues on land and sea, in air and in space; Anderson pitched the idea to NBC, who rejected it.[258][272] This was followed in 1984 by another proposed updating, T-Force, which at first could not be pursued owing to a lack of funding.[273] Development resumed in 1993, when it was decided to produce the series, now titled GFI, foydalanib cel animatsiyasi. But Anderson was disappointed with the results and the production was abandoned.[274]

In 2005, Anderson re-affirmed his wish to remake Momaqaldiroq qushlari but stated that he had been unable to secure the necessary rights from Granada Ventures.[197] His negotiations with the company and its successor, ITV plc, continued for the next few years.[197][253] In 2008, he expressed his commitment to creating an "updated" version, ideally using CGI; three years later, he announced that work on the new series had commenced.[275][276] Following Anderson's death in December 2012, it was confirmed that ITV studiyalari va Pukeko rasmlari had struck a deal to remake Momaqaldiroq qushlari using a combination of CGI and live-action model sets.[277][278] Bu sarlovhasi Yangi serial Momaqaldiroq qushlari bor, premiered in April 2015.[3]

In July 2015, to mark the series' 50th anniversary, Supermarionation-da suratga olingan documentary director Stiven La Riviere ishga tushirildi Kickstarter crowdfunding campaign to finance new Momaqaldiroq qushlari episodes based on the soundtracks of three of the tie-in mini-albomlar 1960-yillardan boshlab. Ushbu nomdagi loyiha Thunderbirds 1965, was supported by ITV, Sylvia Anderson and the estate of Gerry Anderson. The fundraiser proved successful, raising £218,412 against its initial goal of £75,000 and stretch goal of £195,000.[279] Produced by Pod 4 Films (later Century 21 Films), the three-episode mini-series saw the return of some of the original Momaqaldiroq qushlari crew, including director Devid Elliott.[4] After a premiere screening at the BFI Southbank in August 2016,[280] the mini-series was initially made available only to its Kickstarter backers until August 2020, when the three episodes, subtitled The Anniversary Episodes, were made available for public viewing through their inclusion alongside the original series on BritBox.[281][282]

Ta'sir

Billboard for the 1989 production of the stage show tribute Thunderbirds: F.A.B. Londonnikida Apollon teatri
Qo'shimcha ma'lumotlar: Works based on Thunderbirds § References, parodies and imitations

Momaqaldiroq qushlari has influenced TV programmes, films and various other media.[196] The puppet comedy of the film Amerika jamoasi: Jahon politsiyasi was directly inspired by the idiosyncrasies of Momaqaldiroq qushlari-era Supermarionation techniques.[283][284] Allusion and homage are also evident in Uolles va Gromit: Yaqin soqol, Ostin Pauers: Meni shagged qilgan josus va Bo'shliq, as well as the character design of Yulduzli urushlar: Klon urushlari.[196][283][285] The BBC sketch comedy Nafaqat ... Ammo included a segment titled "Superthunderstingcar"—a parody of Momaqaldiroq qushlari, Superkar va Stingray.[196][286]

IR's life-saving mission inspired the founding of the volunteer Xalqaro qutqaruv korpusi, originally made up of a group of British firemen who contributed to the humanitarian effort following the 1980 yil Irpiniyada zilzila.[258] Bokira guruhi used the series in branding its services: Bokira Atlantika ishlagan a Boeing 747-400 nomli samolyot Lady Penelope from 1994 until 2015, while Bokira temir yo'llari G'arbiy sohilda operated 16 57-sinf locomotives that were all named after main characters and vehicles to rescue broken-down trains from 2002 until 2012.[196][287][288]

A mimed stage show, Thunderbirds: F.A.B., has toured internationally and popularised a staccato style of movement known colloquially as the "Momaqaldiroq qushlari walk".[289][290] The production has periodically been revived as Thunderbirds: F.A.B. – The Next Generation.[266][289]

Cover versions of "The Momaqaldiroq qushlari March" have been released by musicians and bands such as Billi Paxta, Djo Loss, Frank Sidebottom, Rezillos va Soyalar.[196] Groups who have written songs inspired by the series include Fuzzbox (with "International Rescue"), TISM (bilan "Momaqaldiroq qushlari chiqmoqda "), Busted (bilan "Thunderbirds / 3AM ") va V6 (with "Thunderbirds – Your Voice").[196] In 1991, Anderson filmed the music video for the Dire Bo'g'ozlari bitta "Elvisga qo'ng'iroq qilish " with a collection of Momaqaldiroq qushlari- uslubdagi qo'g'irchoqlar.[238][291]

During the 1960s, APF produced themed TV advertisements for Lyons Maid va Kelloggniki.[292] Jihatlari Momaqaldiroq qushlari have since been used in advertising for Swinton sug'urtasi, Nestle Kit Kat, Maxsus narsalar va Buyuk Britaniya Haydovchilar va transport vositalarini litsenziyalash agentligi.[293][294]

The first annual "International Momaqaldiroq qushlari Day" was celebrated on 30 September 2017, the 52nd anniversary of the series' TV debut. To mark the event, Vue kinoteatrlar hosted special Momaqaldiroq qushlari screenings in 52 locations around the country.[295]

Izohlar

  1. ^ Some sources, including Marriott 1993 (pp. 114-121), indicate that the series is set in the 2020s.
  2. ^ Listed by age, in descending order, as stated in Bentley 2005, pp. 53–57. According to Marriott 1993, pp. 116–117, Virgil is the second-oldest son and John the third-oldest.
  3. ^ a b The names "Tracy Island" and "Hood" are not used in the TV series, appearing only in tie-in media.
  4. ^ It is stated in one episode, "The Uninvited", that Scott occasionally mans Thunderbird 5 (Bentley 2005, p. 53).
  5. ^ Zimmerman was cast after the dialogue recording for the pilot, "Trapped in the Sky", for which Alan was voiced by Ray Barrett (Bentley 2005, p. 63).

Adabiyotlar

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