Barak Obamaning sud tayinlashidagi ziddiyatlar - Barack Obama judicial appointment controversies

AQSh prezidenti Barak Obama to'rt yuzdan ortiq shaxsni nomzod qilib ko'rsatdi federal sudlar uning paytida prezidentlik. Ushbu nominatsiyalardan Kongress 329 hakamlikni tasdiqladi, 173 111 va 112 Kongresslar paytida[1] va 113 va 114 Kongresslar davomida 156.[2]

Obamaning nomzodlarini eng kuchli tanqid qilish respublikachilar nazorati ostidagi 114-Kongressda sodir bo'ldi. Obama 104 kishiga 69 kishini nomzod qildi federal apellyatsiya sudyalari ushbu Kongress paytida va garchi ba'zi nomzodlar Respublikachilar tomonidan nazorat qilinadigan bo'lsa Senat Adliya qo'mitasi, Ularning ko'plari polda to'xtab qolishdi Senat. O'lim bilan Antonin Skaliya 2016 yil fevralida, a boshida Prezident saylovi yili, Senatdagi respublikachilar ko'pligi, nomzodni ko'rib chiqishni rad etishni o'zlarining belgilangan siyosatiga aylantirdilar Oliy sud Obama Skalining o'rnini boshqa prezident tayinlashi kerak deb ta'kidlab, Obama tomonidan ilgari surilgan. Skaliyaning o'limi oltmish yil ichida adolat xizmatining ikkinchi o'limi edi.[3]

Demokratlar hali ham Senatni boshqargan (2009-2015), respublikachilar ba'zi nomzodlarni muvozanatlashgan va senator Chak Grassli Obamani hurmat qilgan taqdirda ko'proq nomzodlar tasdiqlanishi mumkin edi, deb izohladi tanaffusga uchrashuv Senat majlisida bo'lganida tanaffusga tayinlanmaslik.[4] Obamaning nomzodini federal partiyaga tayinlash uchun hech qachon tanaffus tayinlanishidan foydalanmagan bo'lsa-da, 2012 yil yanvar oyida u ijro etuvchi agentlikning mansabdor shaxslarini tayinlagan edi.

Obamaning bir nechta nomzodlarini blokirovka qilish davom etayotganiga javoban, senator Garri Rid 2013 yil 21-noyabr kuni deb nomlanganlarni chaqirdi yadroviy variant Senatning qoidalarini o'zgartirdi, ya'ni Oliy suddan tashqari barcha nomzodlar uchun oddiy ko'pchilik ovozi etarli bo'ladi. Bu 2014 yil davomida tasdiqlash tezligini sezilarli darajada tezlashtirdi, ayniqsa tuman sudlariga.[5]

Oliy sud nomzodi rad etildi

2016 yil fevral oyida Oliy sud sudlovi Antonin Skaliyaning vafotidan so'ng Prezident Obama nomzodini ilgari surdi Merrick Garland Oliy suddagi Skalyaning o'rnini to'ldirish uchun. Garland o'z nomzodini ilgari surgan paytda uning bosh hakami edi Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Apellyatsiya sudi Kolumbiya okrugi okrugi uchun. Skaliyaning o'limi g'ayrioddiy vaziyatga olib keldi, unda a Demokratik prezident esa Oliy sud nomzodini tayinlash imkoniyatiga ega edi Respublikachilar Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Senatini nazorat qildi; Skalining o'limidan oldin, bunday holat oxirgi marta Senatning respublikachilar ko'pchiligini tasdiqlaganida yuz bergan Grover Klivlend nominatsiyasi Rufus Uiler Pexem 1895 yilda.[6] Aksincha, 1988 yil fevral oyida, saylov yilida, Demokratlar tomonidan boshqariladigan Senat tasdiqladi Entoni Kennedi, respublika prezidenti kim edi Ronald Reygan Oliy sudga nomzod, garchi Kennedi 1987 yil noyabrda tayinlangan edi[7] va Reyganning ushbu o'ringa uchinchi nominatsiyasi edi. Garlandning o'zi shaxsan ziddiyatli bo'lmagan. Biroq, siyosiy sharhlovchilar Skaliyani boshqalardan biri sifatida keng tan oldilar konservativ sud a'zolari va yana bir bor ta'kidladilar liberal almashtirish sudning mafkuraviy muvozanatini ko'p yillar davomida kelajakka o'zgartirishi mumkin. Garlandning tasdiqlanishi Demokratik tayinlovchilarga 1970 yilda tasdiqlanganidan beri birinchi marta Oliy sudda ko'pchilik ovoz bergan bo'lishi mumkin edi. Garri Blekmun.[8] Skaliyaning o'limidan so'ng, respublika senati rahbarlari har qanday potentsial bo'yicha ovoz berishni rejalashtirmaganliklarini e'lon qilishdi Prezident lavozimidagi so'nggi yil davomida nomzodlik.[9] Senat demokratlari javob berishicha, saylovgacha nomzodga ovoz berish uchun etarli vaqt bor.[10] Garlandning nomzodligi 2017 yil 3-yanvarda tugagan, oxirigacha 114-Kongress. Nomzod 293 kun davomida Senat oldida qoldi,[11] bu boshqalarga qaraganda ikki baravar ko'p Oliy sud nomzodi.[12] 2017 yil 31 yanvarda, Prezident Donald Tramp sudyani tanlaganligini e'lon qildi Nil Gorsuch lavozim uchun. Keyinchalik Gorsuch 2017 yil 7 aprelda 54-45 ovoz bilan tasdiqlandi[13] va 2017 yil 10 aprelda qasamyod keltirdi.[14]

Muvaffaqiyatsiz, to'xtab qolgan yoki muvozanatlangan apellyatsiya nomzodlari ro'yxati

Nomzodlar muvaffaqiyatsiz tugadi

  • Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlarining Ikkinchi davri bo'yicha apellyatsiya sudi
    • Robert Chatigny (ning Konnektikut ), ga o'rindiq tomonidan bo'shatilgan Gvido Kalabresi: davomida 111-kongress, Konnektikut senatori Kris Dodd Chatigny-ni ikkinchi davrada hakamlikka tavsiya qildi,[15] va u prezident Obama tomonidan 2010 yil 24 fevralda tayinlangan.[16] Nominatsiya tezda shov-shuvga sabab bo'ldi. Chatigny nomzodini tanqid qilayotganlar, uning sud jarayoni davomida uning bahsli chiqishlarini ta'kidlashdi ketma-ket qotil Maykl Bryus Ross Chatigny unga vaqtincha vaqt ajratdi ijro etilish muddati.[17] Tanqidchilar, shuningdek, uning 2001 yildagi qaroriga binoan, jinsiy huquqbuzarlarni ro'yxatga olish tizimi mahkumning fuqarolik huquqlari va shaxsiy hayotiga daxl qilmaslik huquqini buzadi, bu esa ikki tomonlama qoralashga sabab bo'lgan qaror edi.[18] Uning nomzodi Senat tomonidan 2010 yil 5 avgustda qaytarib berildi. Uning homiysi Dodd o'sha yili AQSh Senatiga qayta saylanishga intilmadi. Chatigny uning ismini ko'rib chiqishdan olib tashladi[19] va qachon qayta nomlanmagan 112-Kongress chaqirilgan.[15] Keyinchalik Obama AQSh okrug sudyasini tanladi Kristofer F. Droni Chatigny nomzodini ko'rsatgan joyni to'ldirish uchun va Senat Droneyni 2011 yil 28 noyabrda qarshiliksiz tasdiqladi.[20]
  • To'qqizinchi davr uchun Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Apellyatsiya sudi
    • Gudvin Lyu (ning Kaliforniya ), yangi yaratilganlarga o'rindiq: Liu nomzodi 2010 yil 24 fevralda ilgari surilgan.[16] Uning nomzodi Senat tomonidan 2010 yil 5 avgustda qaytarilgan.[21] Lyu o'zining ochiqchasiga qo'llab-quvvatlashi tufayli qarshiliklarga duch keldi bir jinsli nikoh va tasdiqlovchi harakat,[21] va 2008 yilda u moddiy yordam olish uchun Konstitutsiyaviy huquq mavjudligini da'vo qilgan maqolasini yozdi.[22][23] Shuningdek, u Oliy sud nomzodlarini shaxsiy tanqid qilgani uchun tanqid qilindi Jon Roberts va Samuel Alito.[24] Respublikachilarning Lyuga qarshi chiqishlari, shuningdek, qisman uning Oliy sudning nomzodi sifatida ko'rib chiqilishi bilan bog'liq edi.[24] Liu 112-Kongress boshida nomzod qilib ko'rsatildi. 2011 yil 17 mayda Senatning ko'pchilik etakchisi Garri Rid uchun topshirilgan kiyim Lyu nomzodi bo'yicha, 60 ovoz bilan Lyu nomzodi bo'yicha ovoz berishga o'tish uchun zarur. Kloteratsiya harakati talab qilingan 60 ovozdan atigi 52 tasini jalb qildi. 2011 yil 25 mayda Lyu Obamaga xat yozib, ovoz berishga qodir emasligi sababli o'z nomzodini qaytarib olishni iltimos qildi.[25] 2011 yil 26 iyulda viloyat hokimi Jerri Braun Liuni o'tiradigan joyga taklif qildi Kaliforniya Oliy sudi,[26] va u 2011 yil 1 sentyabrda qasamyod qildi.[27] Keyinchalik Obama nomzodini ko'rsatdi AQSh okrug sudyasi Jaklin Nguyen Liu nomzodi ko'rsatilgan to'qqizinchi davra o'rindig'iga,[28] va Senat uni 2012 yil 7 mayda qarshiliksiz tasdiqladi.[29]
  • Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Federal davri apellyatsiya sudi
    • Edvard C. DuMont: DuMont 2010 yil 14 aprelda Federal tumanga nomzod bo'lgan.[30] Agar u tasdiqlangan bo'lsa, birinchi bo'lib DuMont bo'lar edi ochiqchasiga gey Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari apellyatsiya sudi sudya.[31] Nomzodlar Senat sud-huquq qo'mitasi oldida 18 oy davomida to'xtab qolishdi, u sud muhokamasini hech qachon tayinlamadi, garchi bir sudga keyinchalik nomzod bo'lgan ikki kishi uchun tinglovlar va ovozlar berilgan bo'lsa ham. Senator Chak Grasslining vakili, qo'mita tarkibidagi respublikachilar reytingida 2011 yil avgustida faqatgina "janob DuMontning fon tekshiruvida hal qilinishi kerak bo'lgan savollar bor" deb aytgan edi.[32] 2011 yil noyabr oyida National Law Journal nashri DuMont prezident Obamaga xat yuborib, prezident nomzodini qaytarib berishni so'raganligi sababli, Qo'mitadagi ozchiliklar partiyasining bir yoki bir nechta senatorlari qo'mita unga tinglov berishiga ruxsat bermaganligi haqida xabar berdi. O'sha kuni Obama DuMont nomzodini qaytarib oldi.[33] 2011 yil noyabr oyida Obama nomzodini ilgari surdi Richard G. Taranto DuMont nomzodi qo'yilgan o'ringa va Senat uni 2013 yil 11 martda qarshiliksiz tasdiqladi.
  • Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlarining ettinchi davri bo'yicha apellyatsiya sudi
  • Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlarining o'ninchi davri bo'yicha apellyatsiya sudi
    • Stiven Olti (ning Kanzas ), ga o'rindiq tomonidan bo'shatilgan Deanell Reece Tacha.[41] Kanzas shtatining sobiq bosh prokurori Sixga ikkala shtat shtati senatorlari qarshi chiqishdi. Respublikachilar uni liberal ekstremist deb ta'kidladilar, u o'zining shaxsiy fikrlarini qonun va Konstitutsiya bilan almashtirdi. Sixning tanqidchilari uning 2008 yildagi vrachlik tekshiruvida uning xatti-harakatini qattiq qoralashdi Jorj Tiller, noqonuniy kechiktirilgan abortlarni amalga oshirishda ayblangan. Oltit Tillerning bemorlar yozuvlari uchun chaqiruv chaqiruvini noto'g'ri bekor qilganlikda ayblangan.[42] O'z uyi shtatidagi senatorlarning ikkalasi ham qarshilik ko'rsatgani va salbiy reklama tufayli Senat Adliya qo'mitasi ushbu nomzodga binoan harakat qilmadi. Nomzodlik Senat qoidalariga binoan 2011 yil 17 dekabrda prezidentga qaytarib berildi va prezident uni qayta nomlashdan bosh tortdi.[43] Keyinchalik Prezident Obama tanladi Kanzas Oliy sudi adolat Nensi Morits Oltitaning nomzodi ko'rsatilgan joyni to'ldirish uchun va Senat Moritsni 2014 yil 5 mayda tasdiqladi.[44]
  • Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Apellyatsiya sudi Kolumbiya okrugi okrugi uchun
    • Keytlin Halligan (ning Nyu York ), ga o'rindiq tomonidan bo'shatilgan Jon Roberts:[45] 2010 yil 29 sentyabrda Prezident Obama Nyu-York advokati Halliganni nomzod qilib ko'rsatdi. U "qurol ishlab chiqaruvchilar, ulgurji savdogarlar va chakana savdogarlar shtatdagi noqonuniy qurollarning" ommaviy bezovtalanishiga "hissa qo'shgan" degan so'zlari tufayli bahsli bo'lib qoldi.[46] Uning tanqidchilari bundan foydalanib, uni liberal mafkurachi deb da'vo qilishgan Ikkinchi o'zgartirish va qarorlarni qonunga emas, balki shaxsiy fikrga asoslanadi. Halliganni 2011 yil dekabr oyida Senat respublikachilari asosan partiyaviy tuzumda to'sib qo'yishdi.[47] Obama 2012 yil iyun oyida Xalliganni DC tumaniga qayta nomzod qilib ko'rsatdi.[48] 2012 yil 3 avgustda respublikachilar Senatning yozgi ta'tilida nomzodni ushlab turishga ruxsat bermaganligi sababli nomzod yana Prezidentga qaytarildi.[49] Obama 2012 yil 19 sentyabrda Xalligan nomzodini qayta nomzod qilib ko'rsatdi.[50] 2013 yil 22 martda Prezident Halligan nomzodini rasman qaytarib oldi.[51] 2013 yil 4 iyunda Obama nomzodini ko'rsatdi Patrisiya Millett vakansiyani to'ldirish uchun. Senat uni 2013 yil 10 dekabrda tasdiqladi.

Nomzodlar muvaffaqiyatli tayinlandi

  • Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlarining ettinchi davri bo'yicha apellyatsiya sudi
  • To'rtinchi davra bo'yicha AQSh apellyatsiya sudi
    • Barbara Milano Kinan (ning Virjiniya ), ga o'rindiq tomonidan bo'shatilgan H. Emori Videner: Kinan 2009 yil 14 sentyabrda nomzod bo'lgan.[58] Kinan nomzodi bahsli deb hisoblanmadi,[59] lekin nimaga bo'ysundirilgan Virjiniya senatori Mark Uorner "ikkita yakdillik, ikki tomonlama ovoz berish bilan yakunlangan keraksiz filibusters" deb nomlangan.[59] Prezident Obamaning Kinanni muvaffaqiyatli tayinlashidan oldin, Prezident Jorj V.Bush sudya Vayderning o'rnini egallash uchun uchta alohida shaxsni muvaffaqiyatsiz ko'rsatgan edi: Uilyam J. Xeyns Dastlab 2003 yil sentyabr oyida nomzodi ko'rsatilgan va 2007 yil yanvarida ko'rib chiqishdan voz kechgan; E. Duncan Getchell, 2007 yil sentyabr oyida nomzod ko'rsatilgan va 2008 yil yanvar oyida ko'rib chiqishdan voz kechgan; va Glen E. Konrad uning nomzodi 2008 yil may oyida Bush prezidentligi oxirida 2009 yil yanvarida tugagan. Klotura 2010 yil 2 martda 99–0 ovoz bilan muvaffaqiyatli ishlatilgan,[60] va Kinan o'sha kuni 99-0 ovoz bilan tasdiqlandi.[61]
  • Qo'shma Shtatlarning Uchinchi davri bo'yicha apellyatsiya sudi
    • Patty Shvarts (ning Nyu-Jersi ), ga o'rindiq tomonidan bo'shatilgan Maryanne Trump Barry: Nyu-Jersi shtatidan senator Bob Menendez, demokrat, qaytib kelmagan ko'k slip - nomzodlikni samarali ravishda to'sib qo'yish, chunki o'sha paytdagi nomzodlar Senat Adliya qo'mitasiga qaytarilgan ko'k slip shaklida kelgan uy-shtat senatorlarining qo'llab-quvvatlashisiz ilgari surilmagan edi.[62] 2012 yil yanvar oyida, The New York Times Menendez ko'k slipni qaytarmaslik sababini aytmaganligini va Shvarts uzoq vaqt Nyu-Jersi federal prokurori uchun korrupsiyaga qarshi kurash bo'limi boshlig'i bilan aloqada bo'lganligini ta'kidladi. Bu Menendezni 2006 yilgi saylovlar davomida olib borgan jangida tekshirgan - Menendez da'vo qilgan tergov siyosiy motivlarga ega edi.[62] 2012 yil 13-yanvar kuni Menendez Shvartsning nomzodiga qarshi chiqishidan voz kechganini e'lon qildi.[63] 2012 yil 15 fevralda Shvarts Senatning Sud-huquq qo'mitasida tinglov oldi. 2012 yil 8 martda Adliya qo'mitasi uning nomzodini Senat binosiga 10 oylik ovoz bilan 6 kunga ovoz berganligi to'g'risida xabar berdi. 2013 yil 2 yanvarda uning nomzodi prezidentga qaytarib berildi sinus o'ladi Senatning tanaffusi.[64] 2013 yil 3-yanvar kuni u yangi nomga ega bo'ldi. Senatning Sud-huquq qo'mitasi tomonidan 2013 yil 14 fevral kuni 11 kishining ovozi bilan 7 kecha ovoz berib, uning nomzodi ko'rsatilgan.[65] Senat ushbu nomzodni 2013 yil 9 aprelda 64-34 ovoz bilan tasdiqladi.
  • To'qqizinchi davr uchun Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Apellyatsiya sudi
    • Endryu D. Xurvits (ning Arizona ), ga o'rindiq tomonidan bo'shatilgan Meri M. Shreder: Ayrim respublikachi senatorlar Xurvitsga e'tiroz bildirishgan va 40 yil oldin yosh qonunchilik lavozimida qatnashganligi sababli uning nomzodi bo'yicha cloture ovoz berishni talab qilishgan. Xurvits o'sha paytdagi AQSh uchun qonun xodimi bo'lgan. Tuman sudyasi Jon O. Nyuman va 2002 yilgi qonunlarni ko'rib chiqish maqolasida Xurvits yozish uchun yordam berganligini yozdi va hanuzgacha qonunchilik asoslarini hayratda qoldiradi - Nyumanning Konnektikutdagi abort to'g'risidagi qonuni, AQSh Oliy sudining qaroridan bir yil oldin. Roe Vadega qarshi.[66] Hurvitsning uyma-shtat senatorlari ikkalasi ham uning nomzodini qo'llab-quvvatladilar, ammo boshqa respublikachi senatorlar bunga qarshi chiqishdi.[67] Hurvitsning nomzodi bo'yicha respublikachilar tomonidan tuzilgan muvozanatdan so'ng, senatorlar 2012 yil 11 iyunda 60-31 ovoz berib, ovqatlanishni taklif qildilar.[68] Keyin senatorlar Xurvitsni 2012 yil 12 iyunda a ovozli ovoz berish.[69]
  • Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlarining o'ninchi davri bo'yicha apellyatsiya sudi
  • Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Apellyatsiya sudi o'n birinchi davra bo'yicha
    • Adalberto Iordaniya (ning Florida ), ga o'rindiq tomonidan bo'shatilgan Syuzan H. Blek. Iordaniya nomzodini ilgari surish Senatning respublikachilari tomonidan muhokama qilinayotgan edi, ular Iordaniyaning o'ziga qarshi hech qanday e'tirozlari bo'lmagan, ammo 2012 yil yanvar oyining boshlarida Prezident Obamaning bog'liq bo'lmagan ta'tilga tayinlanishidan g'azablangan edi. 2012 yil 9 fevralda senator Garri Rid Iordaniya qonunchiligiga rioya qilishni taklif qildi. nomzodlik. 2012 yil 13-fevraldagi 89-5 ta ovoz berish natijasida kiyim-kechakka erishildi.[72] Senat Iordaniyani 2012 yil 15 fevralda 94-5 ovoz bilan tasdiqladi.[73]
    • Jill A. Pryor Dastlab 2012 yil 16 fevralda bo'shagan o'ringa nomzod Stenli F. Birch. Gruziyaning ikki respublikachi senatori Johnny Isakson va Saxby Chambliss ko'k sliplarini qaytarib berishdan bosh tortdi va shu bilan uning nomzodini to'sib qo'ydi.[74] 2013 yil sentyabr oyida Oq uy va senatorlar o'rtasida Pryor nomzodi bo'yicha tinglovni ta'minlash va Gruziya tarkibidagi boshqa tuman sudlarining bo'sh ish o'rinlarini to'ldirish to'g'risida bitim tuzilganligi va shu bilan Gruziya Demokratik delegatsiyasi a'zolarini xafa qilganligi haqida xabar berilgan edi.[75] 2014 yil 13 may kuni uning nomzodi bo'yicha tinglov o'tkazildi. 2014 yil 19-iyun kuni uning nomzodi qo'mitadan ovozli ovoz berish orqali e'lon qilindi. 2014 yil 30-iyulda senator Garri Rid Pryorning nomzodi bo'yicha kloturani chaqirishga ishora qildi. 2014 yil 31 iyulda Senat Pryorning nomzodi bo'yicha ovoz berish uchun 58-33 ovoz berdi. 2014 yil 8 sentyabrda Senat 97-0 ovoz bilan tasdiqlashni yoqlab ovoz berdi.
  • Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Apellyatsiya sudi Kolumbiya okrugi okrugi uchun
    • Patrisiya Millett va Korneliya Pillard ga o'rindiqlar tomonidan tegishli ravishda bo'shatilgan Jon G. Roberts, kichik va Duglas X. Ginsburg: 2013 yil noyabr oyida respublikachilar uchta nomzodning nomzodini filibusterlash orqali to'sib qo'yishdi.[76] Respublikachi senatorlar Obamaning nomzodlarini uyg'otgan, ammo prezidentga o'xshamagan "sudga tegishli narsalar" deb atashdi Franklin D. Ruzvelt "s 1937 yildagi sud protseduralarini isloh qilish to'g'risidagi qonun loyihasi.[77] Ushbu harakatlarga javoban senator Garri Rid 2013 yil 21 noyabrda Senat qoidalarini o'zgartirgan va Oliy sud nomzodlaridan tashqari barcha nomzodlar uchun oddiy ko'pchilik ovozi etarli bo'lishini anglatuvchi yadro variantini chaqirdi.[5] Millet 2013 yil 10 dekabrda 56-38, Pillard 2013 yil 11 dekabrda 51-44 ovoz bilan tasdiqlandi.
    • Robert L. Uilkins ga o'rindiq tomonidan bo'shatilgan Devid B. Sentelle: 2013 yil noyabr oyida respublikachilar Uilkins nomzodini filibusterlash orqali to'sib qo'yishdi.[76] 2013 yil 14-noyabrda senator Garri Rid Uilkinsning nomzodi bo'yicha ovqatlanishni taklif qildi. Senat 2013 yil 18-noyabr kuni 53-38 ovoz bilan kloterni ishlata olmadi.[78] Respublikachi senatorlar Obamaning DC sudiga nomzodlarini "sud idishlari" deb atashdi, bu uyg'ongan, ammo prezident Franklin D. Ruzveltning 1937 yildagi sud protseduralarini isloh qilish to'g'risidagi qonun loyihasiga o'xshamagan.[77] Ushbu xatti-harakatlarga javoban Reid 2013 yil 21-noyabr kuni Senat qoidalarini o'zgartirgan va Oliy sud nomzodlaridan tashqari barcha nomzodlar uchun oddiy ko'pchilik ovozi etarli bo'lishini anglatuvchi yadro variantini chaqirdi.[5] Keyinchalik kiyim 2014 yilning 9 yanvarida 55-38 ovoz bilan qabul qilindi. Uilkins Senat tomonidan 2014 yil 13 yanvarda 55-43 ovoz bilan tasdiqlandi.[79] Uning tasdig'i AQShning Apellyatsiya sudi birinchi marta ushbu davrdan beri 22 yil ichida sudyalarning to'liq tarkibiga ega bo'lganligini ko'rsatdi. Klarens Tomas 1991 yil 23 oktyabrda Oliy sudga ko'tarilgandan so'ng sudni tark etdi.

Muvaffaqiyatsiz, to'xtab qolgan yoki muvozanatlangan tuman sudiga nomzodlar ro'yxati

Nomzodlar muvaffaqiyatsiz tugadi

  • Viskonsin shtatining G'arbiy okrugi bo'yicha AQSh sudi
    • Lui B. Butler: Butler yugurdi Viskonsin Oliy sudi 2000 yilda, ammo katta farq bilan mag'lubiyatga uchradi.[80] U 2004 yilda Viskonsin Oliy sudiga tayinlangan, ammo sudni deyarli yo'qotgan O'rinni saqlab qolish uchun 2008 yilgi saylov.[81] 2009 yil 30 sentyabrda Prezident Obama Butlerni sudya lavozimiga taklif qildi. Tanqidchilar, Butler o'z shtati saylovchilari tomonidan ikki marta rad etilganidan keyin federal skameykaga tayinlanmasligi kerak deb ta'kidlashdi.[81] Butlerni tanqid qilganlar uni liberal mafkurachi sifatida, qattiq jinoiy jazolarga va qurol egalarining huquqlariga dushman bo'lganlikda aybladilar.[82] Shuningdek, u tibbiy xatolarga qarshi da'vo arizalari bo'yicha davlatning iqtisodiy bo'lmagan zarariga nisbatan cheklovlarni bekor qilgan va boshqa ishlab chiqargan mahsulotlar uchun kompaniyalar javobgarlikka tortilishi mumkin bo'lgan qo'rg'oshin bo'yoqlari holatlarida "jamoaviy javobgarlik" ni qo'llab-quvvatlagan boshqa qaror uchun ham munozarali edi. t ishlab chiqarish. Bu sud advokatlariga haddan tashqari e'tibor bermaslik ayblovlarini keltirib chiqardi.[83] Senator Ron Jonson 2010 yilda saylangan, Butler o'z lavozimiga kirishganidan so'ng darhol uning nomzodini to'xtatdi va senatorlar 2011 yil dekabrida Butlerning nomzodini Oq uyga qaytarishdi. 2013 yil 7 noyabrda Obama nomzodini ilgari surdi Jeyms D. Peterson ushbu vakansiyani to'ldirish uchun va u 2014 yil 8 mayda tasdiqlangan.
  • Merilend okrugi uchun Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari okrug sudi
    • Charlz Bernard Day: Kun, a AQSh Magistrat sudyasi Merilend shtatida dastlab 2010 yil iyulida nomzod bo'lgan, ammo uning nomzodi 2011 yil 31 oktyabrda Prezident Obama tomonidan qaytarib olingan. Senatorlarning fikriga ko'ra Barbara Mikulski va Ben Kardin, Senat respublikachilari tomonidan tinglovni qabul qilishga to'sqinlik qilindi.[84] Shu bilan birga, senator Chak Grassli, Qo'mita a'zolari kunning fonida o'tkazilgan tergov jarayonida ko'tarilgan masalalar bo'yicha "engib bo'lmas tashvishlar" borligini ta'kidlab, "kun" ushbu muammolardan xabardor ekanligini va agar xohlasa, ushbu ma'lumot bilan bo'lishish huquqiga ega ekanligini ta'kidladi.[85] 2011 yil noyabr oyida Obama nomzodini ilgari surdi Baltimor O'chirish sudi Hakam Jorj Levi Rassell III Day nomzodi ko'rsatilgan bo'sh o'rinni egallash uchun va Senat Rassellni 2012 yil 14 mayda tasdiqladi.
  • Nyu-Yorkning G'arbiy okrugi uchun AQSh sudi
    • Maykl Charlz Grin: Yashil, keyin Monro okrugi Nyu-Yorkning g'arbiy qismidagi tuman prokurori nomzodi 2011 yil 26 yanvarda ilgari surilgan. Dastlab u ozgina munozaralarni keltirib chiqardi va Senat sud-huquq qo'mitasidan xabar berildi. Ammo uning nomzodi olti oydan ko'proq davom etdi va 2011 yil dekabr oyida yakunlangan Kongress sessiyasi oxirida Senat respublikachilarining buyrug'i bilan Oq uyga qaytarildi. Yuta senatori Mayk Li qo'mita ovoz berishida Gringa qarshi bo'lgan yolg'iz senator edi. Uning tinglash guvohliklariga berilgan savollarga javoban, bir nechta respublikachi senatorlar Grinning ayrim huquqbuzarlarni qamoqqa emas, balki giyohvand moddalarni davolash bo'yicha qaroriga e'tibor qaratishdi, boshqalari esa Grindan o'lim jazosi haqidagi fikrlari haqida so'rashdi. 2011 yil 18 dekabrda Oq Uy vakili mahalliy gazetaga Prezident Obama Grinning nomzodini joyiga qayta nomlamasligini aytdi.[86] "Mayk Grin taniqli sudyani tanlagan bo'lar edi va nafaqat uning uchun, balki kuchli sud tizimi uchun partizan siyosat xalaqit bergani juda achinarli", dedi senator. Chak Shumer 2011 yil 18 dekabrda qilgan bayonotida. 2011 yil 19 dekabrda Grin matbuot anjumanida, jamoat korruptsiyasini ta'qib qilishi natijasida, mahalliy muxolifatni o'zining sudga nomzodini ko'rsatishda ayblaganini aytdi.[87] 2012 yil may oyida Obama uzoq vaqtdan beri nomzodini qo'ydi Rochester sudya Frank Pol Geraci, kichik Grinning nomzodi ko'rsatilgan o'ringa va Senat Geracini 2012 yil 13 dekabrda qarshiliksiz tasdiqladi.
  • Nyu-Yorkning Sharqiy okrugi uchun Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari tuman sudi
    • Dayan Gujarati: 2016 yil 13 sentyabrda Prezident Obama AQSh prokurori yordamchisi Gujarotini AQShning tuman sudyasi lavozimiga tayinladi. Nyu-Yorkning Sharqiy okrugi uchun Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari tuman sudi, sudya tomonidan bo'shatilgan o'ringa Jon Glison, 2016 yil 9 martda iste'foga chiqarilgan.[88] Gujartining o'zi hech qanday tortishuvlarga sabab bo'lmagan. Biroq, uning nomzodi Obama ma'muriyatining so'nggi oylarida bo'lib o'tdi va respublikachilar Senat u haqida eshituvlar o'tkazish uchun etarli vaqt yo'qligini da'vo qilishdi. Nomzodlik muddati 2017 yil 3-yanvarda tugadi, 114-Kongress yakunlandi.[89]
  • Oklaxomaning Shimoliy okrugi uchun AQSh sudi
    • Arvo Mikkanen: Mikkanen Demokrat tomonidan tavsiya etilganidan keyin nomzod qilib ko'rsatildi Hokim Bred Genri.[90] Uning nomzodi darhol a'zolarning qarshiliklariga duch keldi Oklaxoma Kongress delegatsiyasi, Respublikachilar bilan Senatorlar Jeyms Inxof va Tom Koburn va demokratik Vakil Dan Boren nominatsiya bo'yicha ular bilan maslahatlashilmaganidan hafsalasini pir qilgan holda.[91][92] Biroq, Oq uy Oklaxoma kongressi delegatsiyasi bilan maslahatlashmaganliklari haqida bahslashdi.[92] Mikkanenning nomzodini ko'rsatishiga qarshi ommaviy norozilik Mikkanenning o'zi bilan bog'liq masalalarga emas, balki protsessual asoslarga asoslangan edi.[91][92] 2012 yil fevral oyida Prezident Obama o'sha paytdagi federal magistrat sudyasini nomzod qilib ko'rsatdi John E. Dowdell Mikkanen nomzodi qo'yilgan o'ringa. Senat Dovdellni 2012 yil 11 dekabrda bir ovozdan tasdiqladi.
  • Jorjiyaning Shimoliy okrugi bo'yicha AQSh sudi
    • Natasha Perdyu Silas: Gruziyaning ikki respublikachi senatori, Johnny Isakson va Saxby Chambliss, xodimning advokati Silasga qarshi chiqdi Federal davlat himoyachisi Shimoliy Gruziya uchun dastur, chunki ular ommaviy muhokama qilishdan bosh tortgan. Natijada, Silas Senatning Sud-huquq qo'mitasi oldida tinglov olmadi.[93] Uning nomzodi 2011 yil 17 dekabrda Obamaga qaytarilgan edi. 2013 yil 19 dekabrda Obama nomzodini qo'ydi Mark Xovard Koen ushbu vakansiyani to'ldirish uchun. U 2014 yil 18-noyabrda tasdiqlangan.
    • Linda T. Uoker: Dastlab 2011 yil 26 yanvarda nomzod bo'lgan. 2011 yil 17 dekabrda Prezidentga qaytarilganida uning nomzodi tugagan. 2013 yil 19 dekabrda Obama nomzod Ley Martin May ushbu vakansiyani to'ldirish uchun. U 2014 yil 13-noyabrda tasdiqlangan.
    • Maykl P. Boggs: Dastlab 2013 yil 19 dekabrda sudya tomonidan bo'shatilishi kutilayotgan o'ringa nomzod Julie E. Karnes, kim nomzodi ko'rsatilgan Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Apellyatsiya sudi o'n birinchi davra bo'yicha o'sha kuni. Devid Skott, AQShning Jorjiya shtatining 13-okrugidan vakili, Boggsning qonun chiqaruvchi hokimiyatda Konfederatsiya nishonlarini Gruziya shtat bayrog'ida saqlash, abort qilishni cheklash va bir jinsli nikohni taqiqlash uchun bergan ovozi sababli Bogs nomzodini tanqid qildi.[94] Boggs Gruziyaning AQSh senatorlari tomonidan ma'qullangan nomzodlar guruhining bir qismi sifatida o'z nomzodlari bo'yicha ovoz berishga ruxsat berildi.[94] U Senatning Sud-huquq qo'mitasi oldida 2014 yil 13 mayda tinglov oldi, ammo uning nomzodi haqida qo'mita xabar bermadi. 2014 yil 30 dekabrda senator Chambliss unga noyabr oyi oxirida Oq uy shtabi rahbari Denis Makdono tomonidan Boggsning nomini qaytarilmasligi to'g'risida maslahat berganini ma'lum qildi.[95] 2015 yil 30 iyulda Prezident sudyalarni nomzodini ko'rsatdi Dax Erik Lopes vakansiyaga.
    • Dax Erik Lopes: 2015 yil 30-iyulda Prezident Obama nomzodini ilgari surdi DeKalb tumani O'chirish sudi Sudya Lopes Federal sudya vazifasini bajarmoqda Julie E. Karnes, kimga ko'tarilgan Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Apellyatsiya sudi o'n birinchi davra bo'yicha.[96] Senator Devid Perdu Lopesning ko'k slipini qaytarmasligini e'lon qildi va natijada uning nomzodini o'ldirdi.[97] Keyinchalik bu o'ringa Trump nomzodi to'ldirildi Maykl Lourens Braun.
  • AQShning Nevada okrugi uchun tuman sudi
    • Elissa F. Kadish: 2012 yil 16 fevralda Prezident Obama Cadish, a Klark okrugi Tuman sudining sudyasi, Nevada shtati okrug sudining sudyasi bo'lish.[98] U o'rnini bosgan bo'lar edi Filipp M. Pro 2011 yilda kim katta maqomga ega bo'lgan. Chunki Senator Xeller ko'k slipni qaytarib berishdan bosh tortgan bo'lsa, Senat Adliya qo'mitasi uning nomzodi bo'yicha tinglov o'tkazmadi. Heller uning nomzodiga qarshi chiqishiga va uning da'vosiga "senatorlik iltifoti "Kadisning qurol saqlash va olib yurish huquqi yo'qligiga ishonishini bildirgan bayonoti tufayli, bu 2008 yilda Oliy sud qarorlari qabul qilinguniga qadar shaxsning qurol saqlash va olib yurish huquqini aniq tan olgan.[99] 2013 yil 8 martda Kadish Prezident Obamadan o'z nomzodini qaytarib olishni so'radi va 2013 yil 13 martda Obama rasmiy ravishda nomzodni qaytarib oldi.[100] 2014 yil 16 yanvarda Obama nomzodini ilgari surdi Richard Franklin Boulware II ushbu vakansiyani to'ldirish uchun va u 2014 yil 10 iyunda tasdiqlangan.
  • Florida shtatining janubiy okrugi uchun AQSh sudi
    • Uilyam L. Tomas: 2012 yil 14-noyabrda Prezident Obama Tomasni Florida shtatining janubiy okrugi uchun AQSh okrug sudiga tayinladi[101] almashtirish Adalberto Iordaniya.[102] Agar tasdiqlansa, Tomas federal sudya vazifasini bajargan birinchi ochiq gey qora tanli erkak edi.[103] 2013 yil 2 yanvarda Senatning tanaffusga qoldirilganligi sababli uning nomzodi Prezidentga qaytarildi. 2013 yil 3 yanvarda u yana shu lavozimga tayinlandi. 2013 yil 19 sentyabrda senator Marko Rubio u dastlab Tomasni prezidentga tavsiya qilgan bo'lsa-da, ko'k varag'ini qaytarmasligini e'lon qildi.[104] Uning nomzodi 2014 yil 3 yanvar kuni Kongressning tanaffus bilan to'xtatilgani sababli Prezidentga qaytarib berildi. Obama nomzodlikni uchinchi marta qayta topshirmaslikka qaror qildi.[105] Palm-Bich okrugi tuman sudining sudyasi Robin L. Rozenberg 2014 yil 26 fevralda ushbu o'ringa nomzod bo'lgan va u 2014 yil 22 iyulda tasdiqlangan.
  • Janubiy Karolina okrugi bo'yicha AQSh sudi
    • Alison Renee Li: A Richland okrugi O'chirish sudi 1999 yildan beri sudya, Li dastlab 2013 yil 26 iyunda bo'shatilgan o'ringa nomzod bo'lgan Kemeron Makgoven Kerri, 2013 yil 3 oktyabrda katta maqomni olgan.[106] Janubiy Karolina senatorlari Lindsi Grem va Tim Skott o'g'rilikda gumon qilingan Lorenzo Young bilan bog'liq bo'lgan qarama-qarshi qaror tufayli uning nomzodini ko'rsatishga qarshi chiqdi. Li o'z zayomlarini birlashtirdi va keyinroq qo'yib yuborilgan va keyinchalik 1 iyulda sodir etilgan qotillikda ayblangan Young uchun $ 225,000 dan $ 175,000 gacha qisqartirildi.[107][108] Uning uyidagi shtat senatorlarining qarshiliklari va qo'mita tinglovini olish imkoniyati bo'lmaganligi sababli, 2014 yil 18 sentyabrda Obama o'z nomzodini qaytarib oldi.[109] O'rinni 2019 yilda Tramp nomzodi to'ldirgan A. Marvin Kvattbaum kichik..
  • Shimoliy Karolinaning Sharqiy okrugi uchun Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari tuman sudi
  • Kanzas okrugi uchun AQSh sudi
    • Terrence J. Kempbell: 2016 yil 28 yanvarda Prezident Obama Kempbellni Kanzas okrugi uchun Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari okrug sudining sudyasi lavozimiga tayinladi. Ketrin H. Vratil, 2014 yil 22 aprelda katta maqomni olgan.[111] 2016 yil 7 dekabrda Kempbell, Obama va Kanzas senatorlariga yozgan xatlarida Pat Roberts va Jerri Moran, uning ismini keyingi ko'rib chiqishdan olib qo'yishni iltimos qildi.[112] Uning nomzodi 2017 yil 3 yanvarda 114-Kongress oxirida tugagan. Keyinchalik bu o'ringa Trump nomzodi to'ldirildi Xolli Lou Teter.
  • Yuta okrugi uchun Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari okrug sudi
    • Ronald G. Rassel: 2015 yil 16 dekabrda Prezident Obama sobiq nomzodini ilgari surdi Sentervil Shahar hokimi Rassell xizmatda Yuta okrugi uchun Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari okrug sudi, bo'shagan o'rindiqqa Ted Styuart, 2014 yil 1 sentyabrda katta maqomni olgan.[113] Respublikachi Rassell Yuta senatorlari tomonidan qo'llab-quvvatlandi Orrin Xetch va Mayk Li. Rassel 2016 yil 20 aprelda Senat sud-huquq qo'mitasida tinglov oldi va 19 may kuni e'tirozsiz ma'qullandi. Ammo Rassellning nomzodi Senatning ko'pchilik etakchisi tomonidan tasdiqlangan tasdiqlarni blokirovka qilish sababli to'xtab qoldi. Mitch Makkonnell va Demokratlarning uzoq muddat kutayotgan demokratlarni tasdiqlamasdan Rasselning nomzodini tezlashtirishga qarshi e'tirozlari. Pol harakat qilmasdan, Rassell nomzodi 2017 yil 3-yanvar kuni tasdiqlanmagan Oq uyga qaytarildi.[114] Keyinchalik bu o'ringa Trump nomzodi to'ldirildi Xovard C.Nilson Jr..

Nomzodlar muvaffaqiyatli tayinlandi

  • Rod-Aylend okrugi bo'yicha AQSh sudi
    • Jon J. Makkonell, kichik: Makkonnell birinchi marta 2010 yil 10 martda nomzod bo'lgan.[115] Makkonnell Demokratik kampaniyalarga yuz ming dollar, shu jumladan, har birining sakkiz mingdan ziyod kampaniyalariga xayriya qilgan Roy-Aylend senatorlari Jek Rid va Sheldon Whitehouse.[115] Makkonnellning tanqidchilari uning samarali siyosiy hissalari Makkonnell a bo'lishini taxmin qilmoqda deb da'vo qildilar partizan sudya.[116] 2011 yil 4 mayda Senat Makkonnellning nomzodini 63-33 ovoz bilan taqdim etdi va u o'sha kuni kechroq 50-44 ovoz bilan tasdiqlandi.[117] O'sha paytda, filibilterni buzish to'g'risidagi iltimosnoma tuman sudining nomzodiga ovoz berishni majburlash uchun bunday iltimosnoma talab qilinadigan kamdan-kam holatlardan birini belgilab qo'ydi va faqat uchta oldingi holat qayd etildi.[118]
  • Kaliforniya shtatining Shimoliy okrugi bo'yicha AQSh sudi
    • Edvard M. Chen: Chen advokat sifatida ishlashi tufayli qarshiliklarga duch keldi ACLU.[21][119] 2011 yil 5-may kuni senator Garri Rid qabul qildi bir ovozdan rozilik Senatdan Senatning ijroiya sessiyasiga kelgusida, Chenning nomzodi bo'yicha klon yozish zarurligini istisno qilar edi.[120] 2011 yil 10-may kuni Chen 56-42 ovoz bilan tasdiqlandi.
  • Arizona okrugi uchun Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari okrug sudi
    • Rozmari Markes: 2011 yil 23 iyunda Prezident Obama Markesni, a Tusson himoyachi, Arizona federal sudiga. Biroq, Arizonaning ikki respublikachi senator, Jon Makkeyn va Jon Kyl, ko'k sliplarini qaytarib berishdan bosh tortdi.[121] Makkeyn Markesning malakasiga ega ekanligiga ishonmasligini aytdi va bir gazetaga: "Men senator Kyl bilan ishlaganman, ammo hozircha biz uning malakasiga ega deb o'ylamaymiz", dedi.[122] 2014 yil 28 yanvarda Senat Adliya qo'mitasi uning nomzodi bo'yicha sud majlisini o'tkazdi, shuningdek, shu sudga tayinlangan yana besh kishi. U 2014 yil 15 mayda 81–15 ovoz bilan tasdiqlandi.
  • Missuri shtatining Sharqiy okrugi uchun Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari okrug sudi
    • Ronni L. Oq: 2013 yil 7 noyabrda Prezident Obama Missuri shtatining Sharqiy okrugi uchun AQSh okrug sudida ishlash uchun Missuri Oliy sudi sudyasi Uaytni nomzod qildi.[123] Oq ilgari xuddi shu lavozimga Prezident tomonidan taklif qilingan edi Bill Klinton 1997 yilda, ammo nominatsiya mag'lubiyatga uchradi.[124] Nomzodlik munozaralarga sabab bo'ldi, chunki respublikachilar Uaytni liberal mafkurachi sifatida ayblab, jinoiy ayblanuvchilar foydasiga qaror qildi. U 2014 yil 20 may kuni Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Senatining Adliya qo'mitasi oldida tinglov oldi.[125] 2014 yil 19 iyunda uning nomzodi 10–8 ovoz bilan qo'mitadan tashqarida e'lon qilindi.[126] 2014 yil 16 iyulda Senat Uayt nomzodi bo'yicha 54-43 ovoz bilan ovoz berdi va respublikachilar rahbarligidagi filibusterga chek qo'ydi. O'sha kuni kechroq senatorlar Uaytni tasdiqlash uchun 53-44 ovoz berishdi.[127]

Bo'sh ish o'rinlarining ta'siri

2016 yilgi tadqiqotlar shuni ko'rsatdiki, federal sud vakansiyalarining amaldagi darajasi (10 foiz) prokurorlarni ko'proq ishlarni tugatishga va ayblanuvchilarni ayblarini tan olishlariga va qamoqqa olinmasliklariga olib kelgan.[128] Mualliflarning ta'kidlashicha, "bo'sh ish o'rinlarining amaldagi darajasi har yili to'liq qamoqli sud tizimiga nisbatan 1,5 foizga kamaygan qamoqxonadagi mahbuslarning 1000 nafariga kamaydi".[128]

Obamaning vakolat muddati tugagandan so'ng o'tkazilgan va keyinchalik qayta nomlangan nomzodlar

Muvaffaqiyatli tayinlangan nomzodlar

  • Florida shtatining O'rta okrugi uchun AQSh sudi
    • Uilyam F. Jung: 2016 yil 28 aprelda Prezident Obama Jungni Florida shtatining O'rta okrugi uchun AQSh okrug sudining sudyasi lavozimiga tayinladi. Anne C. Conway, 2015 yil 1 avgustda katta maqomga ega bo'lgan. Jung ilgari 2008 yilda prezident Jorj V.Bush tomonidan xuddi shu sudga nomzod bo'lgan, ammo nomzod Senat Demokratlari tomonidan amalga oshirilmagan, Obama nomzodi bilan Charlene Honeywell o'rniga bu o'rindiqqa tayinlanmoqda. Avvalgi kabi, uning nomzodi hech qanday tortishuvlarga sabab bo'lmadi. 2016 yilgi ushbu nominatsiya uchun Amerika advokatlar assotsiatsiyasi Federal sud tizimi bo'yicha doimiy qo'mitasi Jungni bir ovozdan "Yaxshi malakali" deb baholadi.[129] Shunga qaramay, uning nomzodi 2017 yil 3 yanvarda 114-Kongress tugashi bilan tugadi.[130] 2017 yil 21 dekabrda u prezident Tramp tomonidan uchinchi marta nomzod qilib ko'rsatildi.[131] 2018 yil 14 fevral kuni uning nomzodi bo'yicha tinglov o'tkazildi.[132] 2018 yil 15 mart kuni uning nomzodi ovoz berish yo'li bilan qo'mitadan tashqarida e'lon qilindi.[133] 2018 yil 6 sentyabrda uning nomzodi ovoz berish orqali tasdiqlandi.[134]
  • Aydaho okrugi uchun Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari okrug sudi
    • Devid Nay: Senatorlarning tavsiyasiga binoan Mayk Krapo va Jim Risch, Prezident Obama 2016 yil 5 aprelda shtatning apellyatsiya sudyasi Nayeni Aydaho okrugi uchun Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari okrug sudining sudyasi lavozimiga tayinladi.[135][136] Nye tomonidan bo'shatilgan o'ringa nomzod ko'rsatildi Edvard Lodj, who took senior status on July 3, 2015. The Senate Judiciary Committee held a hearing on June 21, 2016.[137] On July 14, 2016, his nomination was reported out of committee by voice vote.[138] His nomination expired on January 3, 2017, with the end of the 114th Congress. Senators Crapo and Risch indicated that if Nye was not confirmed in the 114th Congress, then they would recommend him to President Trump for renomination in the 115-kongress.[139] He was subsequently renominated by Trump in 2017, and his nomination was confirmed unanimously on July 12, 2017.
  • Merilend okrugi uchun Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari okrug sudi
    • Stefani A. Gallager: On September 8, 2015, President Obama nominated Gallagher to serve as a judge of the Merilend okrugi uchun Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari okrug sudi, to the seat vacated by William D. Quarles Jr., who took senior status on February 1, 2016.[140] She received a hearing before the Senate Judiciary Committee on April 20, 2016.[141] On May 19, 2016, her nomination was reported out of committee by voice vote.[142] Her nomination expired on January 3, 2017, with the end of the 114th Congress. On June 7, 2018 President Trump announced his intent to renominate Gallagher to the same seat.[143] On June 11, 2018, her nomination was sent to the Senate.[144] On October 11, 2018, her nomination was reported out of committee by a 20–1 vote.[145] On January 3, 2019, her nomination was returned to the President under XXXI qoida, 6-band ning Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Senati.[146] On April 8, 2019, Trump announced the renomination of Gallagher.[147] On May 21, 2019, her nomination was sent to the Senate.[148] On September 11, 2019, her nomination was confirmed by a voice vote.
  • Oklaxoma g'arbiy okrugi uchun Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari okrug sudi
    • Skott L. Palk: An Assistant Dean of Students at the Oklaxoma universiteti yuridik kolleji, Palk's nomination was the result of a compromise between President Obama and Oklahoma's home-state Senators. On December 16, 2015, Obama nominated Palk to serve as a judge of the Oklaxoma g'arbiy okrugi uchun Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari okrug sudi, to the seat vacated by Stiven P. Friot, who took senior status on December 1, 2014. He received a hearing before the Senate Judiciary Committee on April 20, 2016.[149] On May 19, 2016, his nomination was reported out of committee by voice vote.[150] His nomination expired on January 3, 2017, with the end of the 114th Congress. On May 8, 2017, he was renominated by President Trump, and his nomination was confirmed on October 26, 2017, by a vote of 79–16.[151]
  • Pensilvaniya Sharqiy okrugi uchun Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari okrug sudi
    • Jon Milton Younge: On July 30, 2015, President Obama nominated longtime state Appeals Judge Younge to serve as a judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, to the seat vacated by Mary A. McLaughlin, who assumed senior status on November 18, 2013.[152] He received a hearing before the Senate Judiciary Committee on December 9, 2015.[153] His nomination expired on January 3, 2017, with the end of the 114th Congress. On July 13, 2018. President Trump announced his intent to renominate Younge to the same seat.[154] On July 17, 2018, his nomination was sent to the Senate.[155] On July 31, 2019, the Senat confirmed his nomination by ovozli ovoz berish.
  • Pensilvaniya g'arbiy okrugi uchun Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari okrug sudi
    • Syuzen Paradise Baxter: On July 30, 2015, President Obama nominated Baxter to serve as a judge on the United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania, to the seat vacated by Sean J. McLaughlin who resigned on August 16, 2013.[152] She received a hearing on December 9, 2015.[153] On January 28, 2016, her nomination was reported out of committee by voice vote.[156] Her nomination expired on January 3, 2017, with the end of the 114th Congress. On December 20, 2017, her renomination to the same seat was announced by President Trump and sent to the Senate.[157] On February 15, 2018, the Senate Judiciary Committee voted to support her nomination on a voice vote.[158] On August 28, 2018, her nomination was confirmed by voice vote.[159]
    • Merilin Jan Xoran: On July 30, 2015, President Obama nominated Judge Horan to serve as a judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania, to the seat vacated by Terrence F. McVerry, who assumed senior status on September 30, 2013.[152] She received a hearing on December 9, 2015.[153] On January 28, 2016, her nomination was reported out of committee by voice vote.[156] Her nomination expired on January 3, 2017, with the end of the 114th Congress, with Trump nominee Piter J. Fipps being appointed to the seat instead. On December 20, 2017, her renomination to the same court was announced by President Trump and sent to the Senate.[157] She was nominated to the seat vacated by Gari L. Lankaster, who died on April 24, 2013.[160] On February 15, 2018, the Senate Judiciary Committee voted to support her nomination on a voice vote.[158] On September 6, 2018, her nomination was confirmed by voice vote.[161]
    • Robert J. Kolvil: On July 30, 2015, President Obama nominated Colville to the seat vacated due to the death of Judge Gari L. Lankaster, on April 24, 2013.[152] Unga qadar tinglov qabul qilindi Senat Adliya qo'mitasi on December 9, 2015.[153] Uning nomzodi 2017 yil 3 yanvarda tugagan, oxirigacha 114-Kongress, with fellow former Obama nominee Merilin Jan Xoran being appointed instead. On March 1, 2019, President Trump announced his intent to nominate Colville to serve as a Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari okrug sudyasi uchun Pensilvaniya g'arbiy okrugi uchun Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari okrug sudi.[162] On March 5, 2019, his nomination was sent to the Senate. President Trump nominated Colville to the seat vacated by Artur J. Shvab, kim oldi katta maqom 2018 yil 1-yanvar kuni.[163] On May 9, 2019, his nomination was reported out of committee by a 15–7 vote.[164] On December 19, 2019, his nomination was confirmed by a vote of 66–27.
  • Rod-Aylend okrugi bo'yicha AQSh sudi
    • Meri S. Makelroy: On September 8, 2015, President Obama nominated McElroy to serve as a judge of the United States District Court for the District of Rhode Island, to the seat vacated by Mary M. Lisi, who took senior status on October 1, 2015.[140] She received a hearing before the Senate Judiciary Committee on December 9, 2015.[153] On January 28, 2016, her nomination was reported out of committee by voice vote.[156] Her nomination expired on January 3, 2017, with the end of the 114th Congress. On April 10, 2018, President Trump announced his intent to renominate McElroy to the same seat.[165] On April 12, 2018, her nomination was sent to the Senate.[166] On October 11, 2018, her nomination was reported out of committee by a 19–2 vote.[145] On January 3, 2019, her nomination was returned to the President under XXXI qoida, 6-band ning Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Senati. On April 8, 2019, Trump announced the renomination of McElroy.[147] On May 21, 2019, her nomination was sent to the Senate.[148] On September 11, 2019, her nomination was confirmed by a voice vote.
  • Janubiy Karolina okrugi bo'yicha AQSh sudi
    • Kichik Donald C. Koggins: On February 25, 2016, President Obama nominated Coggins to serve as a judge of the Janubiy Karolina okrugi bo'yicha AQSh sudi, to the seat vacated by Jozef Fletcher Anderson Jr., who took senior status on November 16, 2014.[167] On June 21, 2016, a hearing was held on his nomination.[168] On July 14, 2016, his nomination was reported out of committee by voice vote.[169] His nomination expired on January 3, 2017, with the end of the 114th Congress. On August 3, 2017, President Trump renominated Coggins to the same seat. His nomination was reported out of committee by voice vote on September 14, 2017.[170] On November 16, 2017, his nomination was confirmed by a vote of 96–0.[171]
  • Texas shtatining Sharqiy okrugi bo'yicha AQSh sudi
  • Texas shtatining Shimoliy okrugi uchun AQSh sudi
    • Jeyms Uesli Xendrix: On March 15, 2016, President Obama nominated Hendrix to serve as a judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas, to the seat vacated by Xorxe Antonio Solis, who retired on May 1, 2016.[176] On September 7, 2016, a hearing was held on his nomination.[177] His nomination expired on January 3, 2017, with the end of the 114th Congress, with fellow former Obama nominee Karen Gren Sholer being appointed instead. On January 16, 2019, President Trump announced his intent to renominate Hendrix to the same court.[178] On January 17, 2019, his nomination was sent to the Senate. Trump nominated Hendrix to the seat on the Texas shtatining Shimoliy okrugi uchun AQSh sudi tomonidan bo'shatilgan Samuel Rey Kammings, who took senior status on December 31, 2014.[179] On July 30, 2019, his nomination was confirmed by a vote of 89–1.
  • Texas shtatining g'arbiy okrugi uchun AQSh sudi
    • Uolter Devid III hisoblaydi: On March 15, 2016, President Obama nominated U.S. Magistrate Judge Counts to serve as a judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Texas, to the seat vacated by Robert A. Junell, who took senior status on February 13, 2015.[180] Counts was selected as a compromise between the Obama White House and the state's two U.S. Senators, both Republicans. On September 7, 2016, a hearing was held on his nomination.[181] While Counts generated no controversy, the nomination expired on January 3, 2017, with the end of the 114th Congress. On September 7, 2017, President Trump renominated Counts to the same seat.[182] On October 26, 2017, his nomination was reported out of committee by voice vote.[183] On January 11, 2018, the Senate voted to confirm Counts by a vote of 96–0.[184]
  • Nyu-Yorkning Sharqiy okrugi uchun Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari tuman sudi
    • Gari Richard Braun: On July 30, 2015, President Obama nominated Brown to serve as a judge of the Nyu-Yorkning Sharqiy okrugi uchun Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari tuman sudi, to the seat vacated by Sandra J. Feyershteyn, who assumed senior status on January 21, 2015.[152] He received a hearing before the Senate Judiciary Committee on October 21, 2015.[185] On November 5, 2015, his nomination was reported out of committee by voice vote.[186] His nomination expired on January 3, 2017, at the end of the 114th Congress. In August 2017, Brown was one of several candidates pitched by the White House to U.S. Senators from New York Chak Shumer va Kirsten Gillibrand as judicial candidates for vacancies on the federal courts in New York.[187] On May 10, 2018, President Trump announced his intent to renominate Brown to the same seat. On May 15, 2018, his nomination was sent to the Senate. On September 13, 2018, his nomination was reported out of committee by a 21–0 vote.[188] On January 3, 2019, her nomination was returned to the President under XXXI qoida, 6-band ning Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Senati.[146] On April 8, 2019, Trump announced the renomination of Brown to the same seat.[147] On May 21, 2019, his nomination was sent to the Senate.[148] On December 19, 2019, his nomination was confirmed by ovozli ovoz berish.
    • Dayan Gujarati: On September 13, 2016, President Obama nominated Gujarati to serve as a judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York, to the seat vacated by Jon Glison, who resigned on March 9, 2016. Her nomination expired on January 3, 2017, with the end of the 114th Congress.[189] In August 2017, Gujarati was one of several candidates pitched to New York senators Chak Shumer va Kirsten Gillibrand by the White House as judicial candidates for vacancies on the federal courts in New York.[187] On May 10, 2018, President Trump announced his intent to renominate Gujarati to the same seat. On May 15, 2018, her nomination was sent to the Senate. On August 1, 2018, a hearing on her nomination was held before the Senate Judiciary Committee.[190] On September 13, 2018 her nomination was reported out of committee by a 21–0 vote.[188] On January 3, 2019, her nomination was returned to the President under XXXI qoida, 6-band ning Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Senati.[146] On April 8, 2019, Trump announced the renomination of Gujarati.[147] On May 21, 2019, her nomination was sent to the Senate.[148] On September 10, 2020, her nomination was confirmed by a U.S. Senate vote of 99–0.[191] Gujarati is the first Indian American to serve as an Article III federal judge in New York.[192] She was confirmed on September 10, 2020.

Shuningdek qarang

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