Mushuklar (musiqiy) - Cats (musical)

Mushuklar
Logotip tomonidan Haqiqatan ham foydali guruh
Musiqa	Endryu Lloyd Uebber
Asos	Old Possumning amaliy mushuklar kitobi tomonidan T. S. Eliot
Premer	11 may 1981 yil; 39 yil oldin (1981-05-11): Yangi London teatri, London, Angliya, Buyuk Britaniya
Mahsulotlar	Dunyo bo'ylab bir nechta ishlab chiqarish
Mukofotlar	Lorens Olivier mukofoti "Eng yaxshi yangi musiqiy asar" uchun Toni mukofoti "Eng yaxshi musiqiy musiqa" Toni mukofoti eng yaxshi musiqiy kitob uchun Toni mukofoti eng yaxshi original ball uchun

Mushuklar a kuylangan musiqiy tuzilgan tomonidan Endryu Lloyd Uebber, 1939 she'riy to'plamiga asoslangan Old Possumning amaliy mushuklar kitobi tomonidan T. S. Eliot. Unda mushuklar qabilasi haqida hikoya qilinadi Jellikullar va kechasi ular "Jellicle tanlovi" ni o'tkazib, qaysi mushuk ko'tarilishini belgilab olishdi Heaviside Layer va yangi hayotga qaytish. Musiqiy asarda taniqli qo'shiq bor "Xotira "qo'shig'ida aytilganidek Grizabella. 2019 yildan boshlab, Mushuklar qoladi to'rtinchi eng uzoq davom etgan Broadway shousi va oltinchi eng uzoq davom etgan West End shousi.

Lloyd Uebber 1977 yilda Eliot she'rlarini musiqaga sozlashni boshladi va kompozitsiyalar birinchi bo'lib a qo'shiq aylanishi 1980 yilda. Ishlab chiqaruvchi Kameron Makintosh keyin direktor qabul qilindi Trevor Nunn va xoreograf Gillian Leyn qo'shiqlarni to'liq musiqiy musiqaga aylantirish. Mushuklar da ijobiy sharhlarga ochildi Yangi London teatri ichida West End 1981 yilda va keyin turli xil sharhlarga Qishki bog 'teatri kuni Broadway 1982 yilda. U ko'plab mukofotlarga sazovor bo'ldi, shu jumladan ikkala eng yaxshi musiqiy Lorens Olivier va Toni mukofotlari. Dastlab investorlarni to'xtatib qo'ygan g'ayrioddiy printsipiga qaramay, musiqiy musiqa misli ko'rilmagan tijorat yutug'i bo'lib chiqdi va 2012 yilga qadar dunyo miqyosida 3,5 milliard AQSh dollari ishlab topdi.

London prodyuseri 21 yil va 8,949 spektaklni, Broadway prodyuseri esa 18 yil va 7,485 spektaklni namoyish etgan. Mushuklar bir necha yillar davomida ikkala teatr tumanidagi eng uzoq davom etgan musiqiy musiqa. Mushuklar O'shandan beri West Endda ikki marta va Broadwayda bir marta qayta tiklandi. Shuningdek, u ko'plab tillarga tarjima qilingan va butun dunyoda ko'p marta ijro etilgan. Uzoq muddatli xorijiy ishlab chiqarishlar 15 yillik ish faoliyatini o'z ichiga oladi Operettenhaus yilda Gamburg 6100 dan ortiq spektakllarni namoyish etdi, shuningdek Yaponiyada 1983 yilda ochilganidan buyon 10000 dan ortiq spektaklni namoyish etgan teatrda doimiy ravishda ishlaydi.

Mushuklar boshladi megamusical musiqiy teatr uchun global bozorni yaratish va sanoatning e'tiborini katta byudjetga yo'naltirish blokbasterlar, shuningdek, oilaviy va sayyohlarga qulay ko'rgazmalar. Musikalning chuqur, ammo qutblantiruvchi ta'siri, shuningdek, vositaning estetikasi, texnologiyasi va marketingini o'zgartirdi. Mushuklar ga moslashtirildi to'g'ridan-to'g'ri videofilm 1998 yilda va a badiiy filmni moslashtirish rejissor Tom Xuper 2019 yilda.

Fon

Mushuklar ga asoslangan T. S. Eliot 1939 yilgi she'riy kitob Old Possumning amaliy mushuklar kitobi, Eliotning oyatidan tashkil topgan musiqiy qo'shiqlari tomonidan Endryu Lloyd Uebber.^[1] Musiqiy o'zining tuzilishida g'ayrioddiy; Eliotning she'rlari bilan bir qatorda musiqa va raqs an'anaviy rivoyat tuzilishi hisobiga shouning asosiy yo'nalishi hisoblanadi.^[2] Musiqashunoslar Uilyam Everett va Pol Laird tasvirlangan Mushuklar sifatida "elementlarini birlashtirgan revue va musiqiy tushunchasi ".^[3] Uchastka mushuklar qabilasiga asoslangan Jellikullar, ular har yili Jellicle Ball-da to'planib, ulardan qaysi biri ko'tarilishini hal qilishadi Heaviside Layer (ularning samoviy versiyasi) va yangi hayotda qayta tug'ilish.^[4] Musiqiy asarning asosiy qismi o'zlari yoki boshqa mushuklar tomonidan kiritilgan turli xil da'vogarlardan iborat.^[5]

She'rlar

T. S. Eliot she'riyati so'zlarning ko'p qismini ta'minlagan Mushuklar

Old Possumning amaliy mushuklar kitobi to'plamidir engil she'riyat dastlab Eliot 1930 yillarda xudojo'ylari uchun yozgan mushuklar haqida. Eliot ishining ritmik xususiyati tufayli, avval ham shunday urinishlar bo'lgan Mushuklar she'rlarini musiqaga qo'shishda, ammo bu urinishlarning hech biri juda tanqidiy yoki tijorat muvaffaqiyatiga duch kelmagan edi.^[6] Musiqashunos Jon Snelson she'rlari haqida shunday yozgan:

[Ular] musiqiy musiqa uchun juda yaxshi material taqdim etishdi, chunki Eliotning ushbu to'plamdagi uslubi mashhur lirik qo'shiqchini eslatadi. Shoir takrorlangan jozibador iboralar, kuchli ilgaklar, barqaror ritm va g'azablangan, diqqatni tortadigan, har bir yaxshi tayyorlangan xalq lirikasining tarkibiy qismlari bo'lgan jumboqli qofiyalardan foydalanadi.^[7]

Qo'shiq so'zlarining aksariyati Mushuklar olingan Old Possumning amaliy mushuklar kitobi juda kichik o'zgarishlar bilan. Eliot tomonidan nashr etilmagan she'rlaridan qo'shimcha misralar "Grizabella: Jozibali mushuk" va "Og'ir qatlamga sayohat" uchun moslangan bo'lsa, "Baxt lahzalari" qo'shig'i Eliotning bir qismidan olingan Quruq najot. Mushuklar direktor Trevor Nunn va lirik muallifi Richard Stilgoe qolgan so'zlarni, ya'ni "Jellicle Mushuklar uchun Jellicle qo'shiqlari" ning birinchi raqami va musiqiy asarlardan eng taniqli qo'shig'ini taqdim etdi.Xotira ". Birinchisi Nunn va Stilgoe tomonidan yozilgan va Eliot tomonidan nashr etilmagan" Pollicle Dogs and Jellicle Mushuklar "she'ri asosida yaratilgan, ikkinchisi Nunn tomonidan" Shamolli kechada Rapsodiya "nomli boshqa Eliot she'ri asosida yozilgan.^[1]

Yaratilish

Boshlanish

Lloyd Uebber qo'shiqlarni 1977 yil oxirida qo'shiq yozish mashqlari sifatida yaratishni boshladi, chunki qisman Eliotning kitobi bolaligida sevimli bo'lganligi va qisman uning oldindan belgilangan so'zlarga musiqa yozishi mumkinligini bilish uchun edi. Kompozitsiyalar do'stlar uchun alohida ijro etilgan, ammo Lloyd Uebber o'sha paytda ular uchun boshqa niyat qilmagan. Undan keyin qo'shiq aylanishi Yakshanba kuni menga ayting tomonidan televidenie orqali namoyish etildi BBC 1980 yil boshida Lloyd Uebber Eliot she'rlarini musiqiylashtirilishini televizion konsert antologiyasi uchun xuddi shu yo'nalishda ishlatishni o'ylay boshladi.^[8] U prodyuserga murojaat qildi Kameron Makintosh qo'shiqlar uchun mumkin bo'lgan yo'llarni o'rganish.^[9]

Amaliy mushuklar, keyinchalik shou deb nomlanganidek, birinchi marta 1980 yil yozida qo'shiq tsikli sifatida taqdim etilgan Sidmonton festivali. Konsert tomonidan ijro etildi Gemma Kreyven, Gari Bond va Pol Nikolay. Eliotning bevasi va adabiy ijrochi, Valeriya, qatnashgan va Eliotning mushuklarga oid turli nashr etilmagan she'rlarini olib kelgan. Ulardan biri "Grizabella the Glamour Cat" edi, garchi Eliotning kitobidan "bolalar uchun juda achinarli" deb rad etilgan bo'lsa-da, Lloyd Uebberga to'laqonli musiqiy asar yaratish g'oyasini bergan.^[10] U tushuntirdi:

Bu men uchun yaratilgan musiqiy va dramatik obrazlar menga loyihada men bilganimdan ko'ra ko'proq narsa borligini his qildi. Men zudlik bilan sozlamalarimni qayta ishlashga va hozirda rivojlanishimga ruxsat berilishi kerak bo'lgan zavqli oyatdan dramatik bir butun to'qib chiqishga qodir ekanligimni ko'rish uchun menga boshqaning ko'magi kerak degan qarorga keldim.^[8]

Shunday qilib Lloyd Uebber burilishga qaror qildi Amaliy mushuklar Makintosh va Haqiqatan ham foydali guruh "s Brayan Brolli.^[10]

Rivojlanish

Sidmonton festivalidan ko'p o'tmay, Lloyd Uebber musiqaga berilgan nashr qilinmagan she'rlarini o'rnatishni boshladi, ulardan bir nechtasi keyinchalik shouga qo'shildi. Shuningdek, u bastakor uvertura va "Jellicle Ball", shu jumladan analog sintezatorlar noyob elektronni yaratishga harakat qilish uchun ushbu orkestrlarga tovush manzarasi.^[11] Ayni paytda Makintosh o'sha paytdagi badiiy rahbar Nannni yolladi Qirollik Shekspir kompaniyasi (RSC), yo'naltirish Amaliy mushuklar. Nunn g'ayrioddiy tanlov edi, chunki u musiqiy teatr uchun "juda baland qosh" deb hisoblangan,^[12] ammo Makintosh Valeriya Eliotning loyihani ma'qullashini ta'minlash uchun "nasl-nasab" direktori kerakligini sezdi.^[13] Ko'p ishontirishdan so'ng, Nunn bortga keldi va uning RSC hamkasblari, xoreograf qo'shildi Gillian Leyn va kostyumlar ustalari Jon Napier.^[9][14] Dastlab Nunn nazarda tutgan edi Amaliy mushuklar kabi kamera bo'lagi u beshta aktyor va ikkita pianino uchun "Eliotning 1930-yillarning oxiridagi Londonga nisbatan jozibali, biroz g'ayrioddiy, yumshoq satirik ko'rinishini" aks ettiradi.^[15] Biroq, u Lloyd Uebberning musiqiy uchun yanada shijoatli qarashidan qaytdi.^[15] Nunn shuningdek, musiqiy uchun prodyuserlar xohlagan keng tijorat jozibasi bo'lishi uchun u bir qator ajratilgan raqamlar qatorida qolishi mumkin emas, aksincha uning bayoni bo'lishi kerakligiga amin edi. chiziq orqali.^[14] Shuning uchun unga o'z-o'zidan mavjud bo'lgan she'rlarni bir-biridan hikoya qilib berish vazifasi topshirildi.^[16] Nunn "Grizabella the Glamour Cat" ning hikoya qilishdagi ahamiyati haqida yozgan:

Bu erda Eliot sakkiz satrda katta she'rlarda bir necha bor sodir bo'ladigan o'lim va o'tmish mavzulari bilan tanishar ekan, kuchli insoniy rezonanslar bilan taniqli xarakterni tasvirlab bergan. Agar Eliot mushuk personajini namoyish etishda jiddiy, ta'sirchan va deyarli fojiali bo'lishni o'ylagan bo'lsa, unda biz ushbu materialni o'z ichiga olgan shou va uning natijalarini namoyish qilishimiz kerak deb qaror qildik. Bundan tashqari, biz voqea sodir bo'lishidan ko'proq mavzular orqali rivojlanish tuyg'usiga erishishimiz kerak edi.^[17]

Jellikul to'pi deb nomlangan tadbirga Eliot "Jellikullar qo'shig'i" she'rida murojaat qilgan bo'lsa, Heaviside Layer nomi bilan tanilgan osmonning mushuk versiyasi uning nashr qilinmagan she'rlaridan birida eslatib o'tilgan. Nunn ushbu tushunchalarni Jellicle Ball-ni har yili o'tkaziladigan marosim sifatida tasavvur qilish orqali kengaytirdi, unda mushuklar Heaviside Layer-ga ko'tarilish uchun tanlanishadi, shuning uchun belgilar o'zlarini musiqiy asarda to'plashlari va qo'shiq aytishlari uchun sabab berishadi. Shuningdek, u mushuklarning to'qqizta hayoti borligi g'oyasi asosida qayta tug'ilish elementini qo'shdi.^[1]

Nunnning yo'naltirishga rozi bo'lish shartlaridan biri Amaliy mushuklar o'sha aktrisa edi Judi Dench musiqiy filmga qo'shiladi. Lloyd Uebber ishonch yorliqlarini berganidan xursand edi va shuning uchun Dench kompaniyaga qo'shildi ikki tomonlama rollar ning Grizabella va Jennyanydots. Avvalgi Qirollik baleti asosiy raqqosa Ueyn uyqusi qismi taklif qilindi Janob Mistoffelees Lloyd Uebber va Makintosh uning raqs truppasi chiqishida qatnashgandan so'ng, ular musiqiy asarga tayyorgarlik ko'rgan ko'plab raqs vitrlaridan biri. Boshqa rollarga kastinglar 1980 yil noyabrda boshlandi, Buyuk Britaniyada qo'shiq kuylashi va ijro etishi mumkin bo'lgan raqqoslar uchun tanlov o'tkazildi. Nikolay sifatida kasting o'tkazilishi bo'yicha dastlabki kelishmovchiliklar bo'lgan Rum Tum Tugger; Nunn aktyorning bemalol munosabati to'g'risida shubhalarni boshdan kechirgan, ammo oxir-oqibat bu rolga Nikolayni qiziqtirgan Lloyd Uebber, Makintosh va Linga taslim bo'lishgan. Sara Braytman, allaqachon xit-xit bilan o'zini tanitgan "Men Starship Trooperga yuragimni yo'qotdim ", shaxsiy kastingni tashkil qildi va o'sha paytda aniqlanmagan rolda ishtirok etdi. Dekabrga qadar to'liq tarkib yig'ildi.^[18]

Ayni paytda Mackintosh Dewynters reklama agentligini musiqiy uchun plakat tayyorlash bilan shug'ullangan. Oldinga va orqaga qarab agentlik bir juft sariq mushuk ko'zlaridan iborat minimalist plakatni taqdim etdi (raqs siluetlari bilan o'quvchilar ) qora fonga o'rnatildi. Ishlab chiqaruvchilar va ijodiy guruh dizaynni juda yaxshi ko'rdilar, ammo nom - Amaliy mushuklar - mushukning ko'zlari tasviri bilan bog'langanda joydan tashqariga qaradi. Shunday qilib, musiqiy filmning nomi shunchaki qisqartirildi Mushuklar.^[19]

Musiqiy asar 1981 yil 30 aprelda ochilishi kerak edi oldindan ko'rish 22 apreldan boshlab. Fevral oyi o'rtalarida chiptalar sotuvga qo'yilishidan bir oz oldin Nunn xavotirga tushgan prodyuserlarga musiqiy asar uchun ssenariy yozishda qiynalayotganini ma'lum qildi. Hali ham aniq bir kitobi yoki ballari yo'qligiga qaramay, mashqlar 1981 yil 9 martda cherkov zalida boshlandi Chisvik, London. Asl musiqa direktori Kris Uolker tugallanmagan baldan shu qadar asabiylashdiki, tushlik paytida ishdan bo'shatildi va uning o'rnini kino dirijyori egalladi Garri Rabinovits.^[20] O'sha kuni Lloyd Uebber, Makintosh va Nun so'zlarni shu erda improvizatsiya qilish qobiliyati bilan tanilgan musiqachi Stilgo bilan uchrashganda, vaziyat yaxshilandi, chunki Stilgoe musiqiy uchun ochilish qo'shig'ini yozishi mumkin edi. Keyingi oqshomga qadar Stilgoe "Jellicle Mushuklar uchun Jellicle qo'shiqlari" uchun qoralama tayyorladi.^[21] Biroq, "Xotira", an Soat 11 raqami Grizabella uchun Nunn shou o'zining "hissiy markazi" sifatida zarurligini ta'kidlagan,^[22] hali bu erda hech qanday so'zlar yo'q edi. Lloyd Uebberning yozuvchi sherigi Tim Rays qo'shiq uchun lirika yozish uchun olib kelingan, ammo uning versiyasi Nunn tomonidan juda tushkun bo'lgani uchun rad etilgan. "Xotira" so'zlarini Nun oldindan ko'rib chiqilguncha yakunlamagan.^[23]

Londonning asl nusxasi 1981 yil Mushuklar

Ansamblning ko'pgina personajlari asl aktyorlar tomonidan keng miqyosda yaratilgan improvizatsiya takrorlash jarayonida o'tkaziladigan mashg'ulotlar. Said Nunn: "Mashg'ulotning birinchi kuni bizda 15 ta she'r bor edi va besh hafta o'tgach, biz boshidan oxirigacha bo'lgan belgilar, munosabatlar va hikoyalar bilan namoyish qildik."^[24][25] Dench qachon ishlab chiqarish so'nggi daqiqada baxtsiz hodisaga duch keldi Axilles tendonini qirib tashladi "Old Gumbie Cat" ning mashqlari paytida va birinchi ko'rish oldidan bir hafta oldin chiqib ketishi kerak edi. Uning o'qimagan Myra Sands uni Jennyanydots o'rnini egalladi Eleyn Peyj Grizabella rolini olishga rozi bo'ldi. Ochilish kechasi 11-mayga o'tkazildi, ammo Makintosh oldindan ishlab chiqarishni keyinga qoldirishni istamadi, chunki u ishlab chiqarish yaqinlashib kelayotgan muammodir, degan mish-mishlarni bekor qilmoqchi edi.^[26]

Ning rivojlanishi Mushuklar moliyaviy muammolar bilan ham qiynalgan. Mackintosh 450 ming funt sterling (1,16 million AQSh dollari) to'plash uchun kurash olib bordi^[27]) musiqiy asarini sahnalashtirish uchun zarur bo'lgan West End chunki yirik sarmoyadorlar shou maydoniga shubha bilan qarashgan va uni qo'llab-quvvatlashdan bosh tortishgan. Lloyd Uebber shaxsan o'zi Underwrote musiqiy va bir soniyani chiqarib tashladi ipoteka uning uyida ilk to'lov teatr. Keyinchalik, agar u shunday deb esladi Mushuklar tijorat muvaffaqiyatsizlikka uchragan bo'lsa, bu uni moliyaviy xarobada qoldirishi mumkin edi.^[28] Qolganlari; qolgan poytaxt oxir-oqibat gazeta reklamalari orqali 220 kishidan sotib olingan kichik sarmoyalar evaziga o'zlashtirildi.^[1][12] Musiqiy xitga aylangandan so'ng rentabellik darajasi bu investorlar uchun 3500 foizdan oshgani taxmin qilingan.^[29]

Sinopsis

I harakat - Mushuklar yarim tunda raqsga tushganda

The Jellikul mushuklari "Jellicle Choice" ni o'tkazish uchun har yili yig'ilib, qaysi mushuk Heaviside Layer-ga ko'tarilib, yangi hayotga qaytishini hal qiling.

Uvertüradan so'ng mushuklar sahnada to'planib, tasvirlaydilar Jellikul qabila va uning maqsadi ("Jellicle Mushuklar uchun Jellicle qo'shiqlari"). Mushuklar (kim buzadi to'rtinchi devor shou davomida) keyin ularni odam tomoshabinlari tomosha qilayotganiga e'tibor bering va qabilaning turli xil mushuklari qanday nomlanganligini tushuntirishga o'ting ("Mushuklarga nom berish "). Buning ortidan a balet yakkaxon ijro etgan Viktoriya Jellicle Ball ("Jellicle Ballga Taklif") boshlanishi to'g'risida signal berish. Ayni paytda, Munkustrap, shou bosh muallifi, bu oqshom Jellikl patriarxi ekanligini tushuntiradi Eski qonunlar tashqi ko'rinishini yaratadi va Heaviside Layer-da yangi hayotda qayta tug'ilish uchun mushuklardan birini tanlaydi.

Munkustrapning birinchi da'vogari Jennyanydots ("Qadimgi Gumbie mushuki"), kun bo'yi dangasa, lekin tuni bilan kelgan katta tabby mushuk, u faol bo'lib, sichqonlar va hamamböceği tabiiy buzg'unchi odatlarini to'xtatish uchun turli xil ishlarga o'rgatadi. Xuddi Jennyanydots qo'shig'ini tugatganidek, musiqa birdan o'zgaradi va Rum Tum Tugger qabila oldida o'zining g'ayrioddiy kirishini amalga oshiradi ("Rum Tum Tugger"). U juda o'zgaruvchan va yoqimsiz, "chunki u o'zi qilganini qiladi va bu haqda hech narsa qilinmaydi".

Keyin, Rum Tum Tuggerning qo'shig'i o'chib ketganda, eskirgan kulrang mushuk yarashmoqchi bo'lib qoqilib ketadi; bu Grizabella. Barcha mushuklar qo'rquv va nafrat bilan undan yuz o'giradilar va uning baxtsiz holatini tushuntiradilar ("Grizabella: Glamour Cat"). Grizabella tark etadi va musiqa quvnoq ko'tarilgan raqamga o'zgaradi Bustopher Jons, "qotil qora palto" kiygan semiz mushuk sahnaga olib chiqilgan ("Bustopher Jons: Shahar haqida mushuk"). Bustopher Jones mushuklarning elitasi qatoriga kiradi va obro'li mehmonlarga tashrif buyuradi janoblar klublari. To'satdan, kuchli to'qnashuv qabilani hayratga soladi va mushuklar qo'rqib sahnadan tashqariga yuguradilar. Xirillagan tovushlar kirishga signal beradi Mungojerrie va Rumpleteazer, o'xshash mushuklar juftligi. Ular o'zlarining odamlar yashaydigan mahallasi atrofida muammo tug'dirishdan zavqlanadigan yaramas mayda o'g'rilar ("Mungojerrie va Rumpleteazer"). Tugatgandan so'ng, ular qo'riqchidan ushlanib, qolgan mushuklarga duch kelishadi.

Nihoyat, Jellicle patriarxi, Eski Deuteronomiya, qabiladan oldin keladi ("Eski Qonun"). U "ko'p umr ko'rgan" dono keksa mushuk va unga har yili Jellikl Heaviside Layerga borishini tanlash vazifasi yuklangan. Mushuklar Eski Deuteronomiya uchun sahna asarini qo'yishdi ("Pekesning dahshatli jangi va pollesiyalar "), ikki it qabilasi ko'chada to'qnashgani va keyinchalik Buyuk tomonidan qo'rqib ketganligi haqida hikoya qiladi Rumpus mushuk. Qadimgi Deuteronomiyadagi jiddiy axloqiy holat, ehtimol ikkinchi darajali baland ovoz bilan to'xtaydi Macavity, bu tashvishlangan mushuklarni shoshilinch ravishda yuboradi. Macavity uchun tezkor patruldan so'ng, Old Deuteronomy buni soxta signal deb biladi va asosiy bayram boshlanganda mushuklarni chaqiradi ("Jellicle Ball"), unda mushuklar qo'shiq aytishadi va o'zlarini namoyish etadilar "Terpsixorean kuchlar ".

To'p paytida Grizabella yana paydo bo'lib, boshqa mushuklar tomonidan yana bir bor chetlanmoqda ("Grizabella: Glamour Cat (Reprise)"), Old Deuteronomy esa afsus bilan qaraydi. U raqsga tushishga harakat qiladi, lekin uning yoshi va eskirgan holati bunga imkon bermaydi ("Xotira (Prelude)").

II akt - Nima uchun yoz kuni kechikadi - vaqt qachon oqadi?

"Jellicle Ball" dan so'ng, Old Deuteronomy Grizabellani nazarda tutib, "baxt nima" haqida o'ylaydi. Biroq, mushuklar uni tushunmaydilar, shuning uchun u buni tushundi Jemima (shuningdek, Sillabub nomi bilan tanilgan), Jellikllarning eng yoshi, uni sodda qilib aytganda kuylang ("Baxt lahzalari"). Gus - qushqo'nmas uchun qisqartirish - kelgusi mushukni tanishtirish uchun oldinga siljish ("Gus: Teatr mushuki"). U ilgari taniqli aktyor bo'lgan, ammo endi qarib qolgan va «azob chekmoqda falaj bu uning panjalarini silkitadi ". U bilan birga Jellylorum, uning g'amxo'rligi, uning ekspluatlari haqida gapiradi. Keyin Gus bir vaqtlar taniqli pirat kapitanni qanday o'ynaganini eslaydi, Growltiger a. terrorizm Temza ("Growltigerning so'nggi turishi"). Gus qaroqchi kapitanning Lady Griddlebone bilan romantikasi va qanday qilib Growltigerni siyamlar bosib olgani va o'limigacha taxtada yurishga majbur bo'lganligi haqida hikoya qiladi.

Hozir qaytib, Gus chiqqandan keyin, Skimbleshanks burchakda uxlab yotganligi ko'rinib turibdi ("Skimbleshanks: Temir yo'l mushuki"). U Glazgoga tungi poezdni norasmiy ravishda boshqaradigan mushuk. Skimbleshanks temir yo'l harakati uchun juda muhim hisoblanadi, chunki u holda "poezd harakatlana olmaydi". Uning qo'shig'ida butun bug'li poezd dvigateli junkyarddagi narsalardan yig'ilgan.

Uchinchi halokat va yovuz kulgi bilan "eng kerakli" mushuk Macavity paydo bo'ladi. U "deb nomlanganNapoleon "Har doim hokimiyatdan qochishga muvaffaq bo'lgan jinoyatchilik. Makavitning yordamchilari Eski Deutonomiyani egallab olib, patriarx bilan birga olib ketmoqdalar. Munkustrap va uning qo'shinlari ta'qib qilishganda, Demeter va Bombalurina Macavity haqida bilganlarini tushuntiring ("Macavity: Mystery Cat"). Ular qurib bo'lingandan so'ng, Makavitiy Eski Deuteronomiya niqobida qaytadi, ammo uning qopqog'ini Demeter portlatadi va u Munkustrap va Alonzo bilan jangda tugaydi. Makavit bir muncha vaqt o'zini tutadi, ammo qolgan qabilalar uni to'daga tutib, uni o'rab olishni boshlaganlarida, u sahna chiroqlarini qisqartiradi va yuzaga kelgan chalkashliklardan qochib qutuladi.

Jangdan so'ng Rum Tum Tugger sehrgarni chaqiradi Janob Mistoffelees yordam uchun ("Sehrli janob Mistoffelees"). "Original sehrgar mushuk" nomi bilan tanilgan janob Mistoffelees boshqa hech qanday mushuk qila olmaydigan sehrli ishlarni qila oladi. U o'zining sehrli kuchlarini raqs yakkaxonasida namoyish etadi va ularni chiroqlarni tiklash va eski qonunni qaytarish uchun ishlatadi. Endi, Jellicle tanlovini amalga oshirish mumkin.

Qadimgi Deuteronomiya o'z qarorini e'lon qilishidan oldin, Grizabella axlatxonaga qaytib keladi va u unga yig'ilishda nutq so'zlashiga imkon beradi. Uning xira ko'rinishi va yolg'izlik kayfiyati uning qo'shig'iga unchalik ta'sir qilmaydi (")Xotira "). Jemima va Viktoriya tomonidan qabul qilingan va qo'llab-quvvatlagan holda, uning murojaatlari muvaffaqiyatga erishdi va u Heaviside Layer-ga boradigan va yangi Jellicle hayotida qayta tug'ilgan kishi sifatida tanlandi (" Heaviside Layer-ga sayohat "). Shinalar keraksiz narsalar uyumidan ko'tarilib, Grizabella va Eski qonunni osmonga qarab olib boradi; Grizabella sayohatni o'zi tugatadi.^[men] Nihoyat, Old Deuteronomy tomoshani yopib, tomoshabinlarga murojaat qiladi ("Mushuklarning reklama kiyimi").

Izohlar:

Musiqa

Musiqiy raqamlar

†"Growltigerning so'nggi stendi" 2016 yildan beri AQSh va Buyuk Britaniyadagi mahsulotlardan olib tashlandi,^[31] uni almashtirish uchun "Pekesning dahshatli jangi va qoidabuzarliklar" II qonunga o'tdi.^[32]

‡Shuningdek, "Jellicles qo'shig'i va jellicle to'pi" deb hisoblangan.^[32]

Orkestratsiya

16 qismli litsenziyalangan aniq versiyasi asosida.^[33]

Belgilar

Mushuklar bu ansambl namoyishi katta bilan yordamchi aktyorlar tarkibi va yo'q olib keladi.^[34]

Tavsiya etilgan

Chapdan o'ngga: Eski qonunlar, Jemima, Grizabella va Viktoriya Germaniyadagi tadbir paytida, 2011 yil.

Taniqli qo'shiqchilar va / yoki raqqosalar:

• Qushqo'nmas (Gus) teatr mushuklari - taniqli sahna aktyori bo'lgan zaif keksa mushuk.^[35]
• Bombalurina - nozli va o'ziga ishongan qizil malika; u Demeter bilan eng yaxshi do'st va ikkalasi ham Makavitiga qattiq nafrat bilan qarashadi.^[36]
• Bustopher Jons a.k.a. Shahar haqida mushuk - "qotil qora palto va oq nayzalar" bilan semiz yuqori sinf mushuk. Hamma tomonidan hurmatga sazovor, u tez-tez tashrif buyuradigan bo'sh odam janoblar klubi ular uchun yaxshi ovqatlanish.^[37] Ko'pgina spektakllarda Gus rolini o'ynaydigan aktyor Bustopherni ham o'ynaydi, ammo dastlabki spektakllarda bu qism Eski Deuteronomiya rolini ijro etgan.
• Demeter - bezovtalanadigan va dabdabali malika; U Bombalurina bilan eng yaxshi do'st va ikkalasi Macavity-ga qattiq nafrat bilan qarashadi.^[36]
• Grizabella - o'zining uchqunini yo'qotib qo'ygan va endi faqat qabul qilinishni istagan Jellikl tomonidan chetlab o'tilgan sobiq "jozibali mushuk".^[38]
• Jellylorum - mushukchalarni kuzatib turadigan va Gusga qarab turadigan onalik g'amxo'rligi.
• Jemima / Sillabub - eng yosh mushukcha. Idealistik va quvnoq, u Grizabellaning ahvoliga hamdard.^[39]
• Jennyanydots Qadimgi Gumbie mushuki - U kun bo'yi o'tiradi va juda dangasa ko'rinadi, lekin tunda sichqonlar va hamamböceği boshqarganda, u juda faol bo'lib, ularni tabiiy ravishda buzadigan odatlarini cheklash uchun foydali funktsiyalar va ijodiy loyihalarni bajarishga majbur qiladi.^[40]
• Macavity a.k.a. Mystery Cat - "Jinoyat Napoleon" nomi bilan tanilgan taniqli jinoyatchi.^[41] Odatda Admetus / Platonni o'ynaydigan aktyor o'ynaydi.
• Janob Mistoffelees - oq-qora yosh smedo uning sehrli kuchlarini boshqarishni o'rganish.^[42] U taniqli raqqosa, "Conjuring Turn" (ketma-ket yigirma to'rtta) imzosini ijro etdi fouettés en turnir ) uning raqami davomida.^[43] Mistoffeleesning xor kimligi ba'zida quyidagicha tanilgan Quaxo.
• Mungojerri - Noqulay bezovtalanuvchi, u Rumpleteazer bilan birga mushuk o'g'rilarining taniqli duetining yarmi.^[44]
• Munkustrap - Jellicle qabilasining hikoyachisi va himoyachisi bo'lgan kulrang tabby tomcat. U "Old Deuteronomy" ning ikkinchi qo'mondoni va shouning asosiy muallifi.^[45]
• Eski qonunlar - O'zining qabilasi tomonidan sevilgan dono va xayrixoh keksa Jellikl etakchisi.^[46]
• Rumpleteazer - Noqulay bezovtalanuvchi, u Mungojerrie bilan birga mushuk o'g'rilarining taniqli juftligining yarmi.^[44]
• Rum Tum Tugger - diqqat markazida bo'lishni yaxshi ko'radigan yorqin va yoqimsiz mushuk.^[47]
• Skimbleshanks a.q.a. temir yo'l mushuki - hayot kechiradigan va faol apelsin tabbi mushuki pochta poezdlari va shu qadar norasmiy chaperon vazifasini bajaradi, u poezd va stantsiya xodimlari uchun juda zarurdir.^[48]
• Viktoriya - Ochiq va oqlangan mushukcha. U taniqli raqqosa, "Mushuklarning nomlanishi" dan keyin balet yakkaxoni bilan ochilgan va Grizabellani ushlagan birinchi belgi.^[49]

Boshqalar

Ko'plab taniqli asarlarda ishtirok etgan boshqa belgilarga quyidagilar kiradi:

• Admetus /Aflotun - Macavity-ning xor o'ziga xosligi. U jimjit va oq jimgina yosh tom bo'lib, odatda Viktoriya bilan a pas de deux Jellicle Ball paytida.^[50]
• Alonzo - Oq-qora tom. U behuda, o'ziga ishonchsiz va dabdabali narsalarga to'la.^[51]
• Bill Beyli /Tumbbrutus - O'yinchoq tom mushukcha, ko'pincha akrobatika bilan shug'ullanadi, shuningdek kuchli raqqosa. Uning kostyumi oq poydevorda jigarrang yamoqlardan (shu jumladan, jigarrang ko'z yamog'idan) iborat.^[52]
• Karbakti /Tezlik - O'yinchoq va akrobatik jigarrang va oq mushukcha.^[53]
• Kassandra - nafis va yiroq jigarrang ishora qildi malika.^[54]
• Coricopat va Tantomile - ruhiy qobiliyatlarga ega sirli egizak aka va singil.^[55]
• Elektra - Taqdim etilgan va tantanali toshbaqa mushukchasi. Uning kostyumi jigarrang, qizil va qora.^[56]
• Va boshqalar - Ko'ngilchan va voyaga etmagan tabby mushukcha. Uning kostyumi oq, qora va jigarrang.^[57]
• Griddlebone - Growltigerning sevgilisi "Growltigerning so'nggi holati "Billi M'Caw Balladasi" yoki "In Una Tepida Notte" nomli italiyalik ariyani kuylaydi (ishlab chiqarishga qarab). Odatda Jellylorum rolini o'ynaydigan aktrisa o'ynaydi.
• Growltiger - Gus teatr qahramoni yoshligida o'ynaganini va Gus xotirasida "Growltigerning so'nggi holati" da paydo bo'lganligini eslaydi.^[35] Ba'zi ishlab chiqarishlarda u yovuz qaroqchi sifatida tasvirlangan; boshqalarda u yanada kulgili. Odatda Gus o'ynaydigan aktyor o'ynaydi.
• Rumpus mushuk - Achchiq sochli mushuk qizil ko'zlari bilan yonib turardi, uning bepushtligiga qaramay, "Pekesning dahshatli jangi va pollikalar" filmidagi o'ziga xos superqahramon qiyofasi sifatida ko'rindi. Odatda erkak ansambl belgilaridan biri musiqiy asarda o'ynash.^[58]

Taniqli aktyorlar tarkibi

Izohlar:

Qo'shimcha filmlar

• 1998 yil filmi: Femi Teylor Exotica sifatida; Toni Timberleyk qushqo'nmas rolida (xor mushuki)^[65]
• 2019 filmi: Les Egizaklar Suqrot va Aflotun sifatida

Taniqli almashtirishlar

"Musiqiy" ning "West End" va "Broadway" operatsiyalaridagi taniqli almashtirishlar:

West End

• Admetus / Macavity: Richard Armitaj (1994–1995)^[66]
• Alonzo: Uorren Karleyl (1992), Stiven Xyuton (1993), Jeyson Gardiner (1997), Kris Jarvis (2001–2002)^[66][67]
• Qushqo'nmas / Growltiger: Pol Bentli (1988), Mark Vynter (1990–1992), Piter Polikarpou (2001–2002)^[66][67]
• Bill Beyli: Maykl Sundin (1982)^[66]
• Bombalurina: Femi Teylor (1984–1985), Jani Dei (1990), Donna King (1992), Xezer Duglas (1999)^[66]
• Korikopat: Denni Jon-Jyul (1983)^[66]
• Demeter: Erin Lordan (1985), Luiza Fribo (1994–1995)^[66]
• Elektra: Sara-Jeyn Honeywell (1993–1994)^[66]
• Va boshqalar: Sara-Jeyn Honeywell (2001–2002)^[66][67]
• Grizabella: Angela Richards (1982), Marti Uebb (1983), Anita Xarris (1985–1986), Kler Burt (1993), Rozemari Ford (1995), Dayan Langton (1996), Stefani Lourens (1997), Salli Ann Triplett (1998), Chrissie Hammond (1999–2002),^[66][67] Kerri Ellis (uyg'onish; 2015),^[68] Madalena Alberto (uyg'onish; 2015–2016)^[69]
• Jellylorum / Griddlebone: Rebekka qulfi (2000–2001)^[66][70]
• Jemima: Ruti Xenshall (1987–1989), Luiza Fribo (1996), Veerle Kastleyn (1998–1999)^[66]
• Jennyanydots: Enn Emeri (1983–1986)^[66]
• Xatolar: Gen Xoriuchi (1998), Louie Spence (1999),^[71] Jeykob Brent (2001)^[66]
• Munkustrap: Devid Burt (1982), Gari Martin (1987–1990), Stiven Xyuton (1994)^[66]
• Eski qonunlar: Jon Tyorner (1983–1985), Jon Ronsli (1995–1997), Deyv Uillets (2001), Junix Inocian (2001–2002)^[66][67]
• Rum Tum Tugger: John Partridge (1995, 2001–2002),^[67] Tommi Erl Jenkins (1997–1998)^[66]
• Rumpleteazer: Anna-Jeyn Keysi (1988–1990), Jo Gibb (1996–1997)^[66]
• Skimbleshanks: Nil Fitsviliam (1984–1985)^[66]
• Viktoriya: Filida Krouli Smit (1992–1993)^[66]

Broadway

• Alonzo: Scott Wise (1984)^[72]
• Bustopher Jones / Qushqo'nmas / Growltiger: Tim Jerom (1984–1986), Gregg Edelman (1986)^[72]
• Kassandra: Sharlot d'Amboaz (1984–1985)^[72]
• Demeter: Lena Xoll (1999–2000)^[73]
• Grizabella: Laurie Beechman (1984–1988, 1997), Loni Akerman (1988–1991), Lillias White (1991–1992), Liz Kallavay (1993–1999), Linda Balgord (1999–2000)^[72]
• Jennyanydots: Sharon Uitli (1999–2000)^[72]
• Xatolar: Gen Xoriuchi (1991–1993, 1995–1996), Jeykob Brent (1996–1999), Kristofer Gattelli (1999)^[72]
• Munkustrap: Rob Marshall (1987), Bryan Batt (1991–1992), Maykl Gruber (1996–1997, 1999), Jeffri Denman (1999–2000)^[72]
• Platon / Macavity / Rumpus mushuki: Scott Wise (1983)^[72]
• Tezlik: Robert Montano (1985–1987), Kristofer Gattelli (1996–1998, 1999–2000)^[72]
• Rum Tum Tugger: Devid Xibbard (1993–1996, 1997–1999), Stiven Bienski (1999–2000)^[72]
• Rumpleteazer: Jennifer Cody (1994)^[72]
• Tumbbrutus: Rendi Bettis (1990–1991, 1996–1998)^[72]

Badiiy elementlar

Musiqiy davolash

Endryu Lloyd Uebber

Mushuklar qo'shiqlar orasida hech qanday dialogsiz musiqa orqali to'liq aytiladi,^[74] garchi musiqa aytilgan oyatga hamroh bo'ladigan holatlar bo'lsa ham. Lloyd Uebberning kompozitsiyalari xarakterlarning qarama-qarshi xususiyatlarini kattalashtirish uchun musiqiy uslublarning eklektik doirasini qo'llaydi.^[4] Masalan, isyon ko'targan Rum Tum Tugger a bilan tanishtiriladi tosh qo'shiq ("Rum Tum Tugger"); yiqilgan Grizabella dramatik opera bilan birga keladi ariya ("Grizabella: Glamour Cat"); Qadimgi qonunlar a-ga katta kirish joyi lullaby - o'girildi-madhiya ("Eski qonuniylik"); va Gusning o'tmishga bo'lgan nostalji eskisi orqali aks etadi musiqa zali raqam ("Gus: Teatr mushuki").^[16] Ko'pgina qo'shiqlar pastiches Snelson shou kelib chiqishi qo'shiq tsikli deb ataydigan o'zlarining tegishli janrlari:

Dramatik hikoyasiz kontrastli raqamlar to'plamining asl tushunchasi shuni anglatadiki, har bir qo'shiq boshqalarga bog'liq bo'lmagan holda qandaydir musiqiy xarakteristikani o'rnatishi va tinglovchilar bilan tezkor munosabatda bo'lishi kerak edi. Bunday tez tanishish va maqsadni aniqlashga pastiche orqali erishish mumkin. Ammo bu qo'shiqlar uchun faqat musiqiy boshlanish nuqtasi edi Mushuklar to'g'ridan to'g'ri harakat qiling "Elvis "pastiche of Jozef va Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat; ular kamroq aniqroq, ma'lum bir ijrochining yoki raqamning to'g'ridan-to'g'ri nusxalaridan ko'ra tanlangan uslublar doirasidagi bepul ish. Taniqli, asosiy uslubiy umumiyliklarning tanishishi bilan ta'minlangan dastlabki xavfsizlikni hisobga olgan holda tinglovchilar musiqiy farqlarga javob berishadi.^[75]

Lloyd Uebber shuningdek, qismlarni ulashda yordam beradigan turli xil usullardan foydalanadi. Ya'ni, hisob ko'p takrorlanadigan narsalarga bog'liq motiflar shuningdek foydalanish muqaddimalar va reprises.^[76] Masalan; misol uchun, ohangdor "Xotira" parchalari Grizabella va Jemima tomonidan qo'shiq to'liq ijro etilishidan oldin shouning bir nechta nuqtalarida ijro etiladi,^[39] Grizabellani tavsiflash va uning oxirgi raqamini tasavvur qilish uchun xizmat qiladi.^[77][78] Xuddi shunday, Lloyd Uebber a fug uverturada va Grizabella Heaviside Layer-ga ko'tarilguncha ushbu mavzudagi varyatsiyalar musiqiy asar davomida takrorlanib, u nihoyat hal bo'lguncha.^[79]

Shuningdek, musiqiy asarda g'ayrioddiy miqdordagi "guruh-tavsif" raqamlari mavjud. Musiqashunos Jessika Sternfeldning so'zlariga ko'ra, bunday raqamlar odatda prolog va bundan boshqa hech narsa yo'q "Boshqa Opning ', Yana bir Shou "dan Meni o'p, Kate va "An'ana "dan Uyingizda fiddler. Mushuklar boshqa tomondan Jellicle-ni aniqlaydigan to'rtta qo'shiq mavjud: "Jellicle Mushuklar uchun Jellicle qo'shiqlari", "Mushuklarning nomlanishi", "Jellicle Ball" va "Mushuklarning reklamasi". Ushbu raqamlar mushuklarga o'zlarining qabilalarini va turlarini umuman, alohida a'zolarni nishonlaydiganlar orasida nishonlashlariga imkon beradi.^[80]

Xoreografiya

Gillian Leyn

"Musiqiy teatr tarixida raqsga tushish uchun eng qiyin shoulardan biri" deb nomlangan^[81] raqs katta rol o'ynaydi Mushuklar asl ijodiy guruh "Angliyaning birinchi raqs musiqiy musiqasi" ni yaratishni maqsad qilgani kabi.^[82] Oldin Mushuklar, britaniyalik raqqoslar o'zlarining Broadway-dagi hamkasblaridan pastroq ekanliklariga sanoat miqyosida ishonishgan. Britaniyalik xoreograf Linning britaniyalik raqs musiqiy asari uchun xavfli ijaraga olinishini bir tarixchi "transatlantik bo'ysunmaslikning yorqin va ajoyib harakati" deb ta'riflagan.^[83] Laynning ishini qiyinlashtirishi, musiqaning kirib borishi edi Mushuklar tinimsiz va aksariyat aktyorlar deyarli butun namoyishda sahnada qoladilar.^[83]

Leyn o'zining yordamchisi Lindsay Dolan, raqs kapitani Jo-Anne Robinzon va aktyorlar guruhi a'zolari Finola Xyuz va Jon Torntondan iborat raqs guruhi bilan Londonning asl mahsulotini xoreografiya qildi.^[82] Olingan xoreografiya aralashadi balet, zamonaviy raqs, jazz va ga teging, akrobatik displeylar bilan birlashtirilgan.^[16] Leyn shuningdek, aktyorlarni mushuklarning harakatini, jismoniy va o'zini tutishini uyg'otishga o'rgatdi.^[84] Ushbu mushuk xususiyatlari harakat va xoreografiyaga kiritilgan bo'lib, "antropomorfik xayol ".^[16] Layn 13 daqiqalik "Jellicle Ball" raqsini shouning asosi deb hisoblar ekan, raqsga asoslangan musiqiy asar sifatida ishlash uchun Mushuklar "u erda muvaffaqiyatga erishish yoki o'lish kerak edi".^[82][85] U Lloyd Uebberni kengaytirilgan raqs tanaffusini qo'shishga ishontirishda qiynalganini esladi, natijada u va uning raqs guruhi uni ishontirish uchun "Jellicle Ball" dagi barcha qismlarni raqsga tushishi kerak edi.^[82][85]

Sahnalashtirish

Ning asl sahnalashtirilishi Mushuklar da Yangi London teatri inqilobiy hisoblangan^[86] va "birinchi chinakam immersiv teatr tajribalaridan biri".^[34] An'anaviy o'rniga proscenium, teatr kvazi editurda markaziy bilan aylanma bosqich.^[15][87] Nunn va Napier "to'plamdan ko'ra muhit" yaratishga intilishgan,^[17] namoyishga tayyorgarlik ko'rish uchun Nyu-Londonni qayta qurish uchun 900 ming dollar atrofida mablag 'sarflandi.^[9] Bunga o'rnatish qismlari kiritilgan savdo rastalari teatrga 18 fut masofada^[88] tomoshabinlar sahna bilan birga harakatlanadigan tarzda aylantirilsin.^[16] Shou Broadwayga olib kelinganida Qishki bog 'teatri shunga o'xshash 2 million dollarlik makiyaj berildi;^[89] uning proscenium bosqichi a ga aylantirildi surish, and a part of its roof was torn through to allow for the effects of Grizabella's ascension to the Heaviside Layer.^[90]

Nunn was also adamant that the orchestra for Mushuklar be hidden backstage — out of the audience's view — so as not to break the immersion.^[91] Adding to the experience, the show usually includes a lot of audience interaction, such as during the overture when the cast don flashing "green eyes" as they make their way through the audience in the darkened theatre.^[80][92] In the original Broadway production, podiumlar were built to connect the stage to the qutilar va balkon so as to give the cast access to the entire auditorium during the show.^[93]

To'plam va kostyum dizayni

Napier began designing the set in November 1980, wanting "a place where cats might congregate together, which also included maximum room for dancing".^[94] To'plami Mushuklar consists of a junkyard filled with oversized props to give the illusion that the cast are the size of actual cats;^[95] it remains the same throughout the show without any scene changes. Over 2,500 of these scaled-up props were used to fill the whole auditorium in the original Broadway production.^[16][96]

Napier also designed the costumes, combining cat and human features based on "hints" given in Eliot's poems, while ensuring that they did not impede the dancers' movements.^[94] The costumes generally consist of a birlamchi, a wig that is fashioned to suggest the presence of feline ears, patches resembling body fur, and qo'l va oyoq isitgichlari to give the performers' hands and feet a more paw-like appearance. As with the contrasting music and dance styles, the costumes and make-up are used to bring out each character's distinct personality. For example, the costume for the flirtatious Bombalurina is designed to accentuate her sensuality, while the markings on the costume for Jemima — the youngest of the tribe — resemble crayon scribbles.^[24] Every character's design motif is custom-painted by hand onto a plain unitard to line up with their performer's individual body. In order to reproduce the "hand-drawn aesthetic" of Napier's original design sketches, costume painters in the original Broadway production used squeeze bottles to apply the paint. Due to the amount of dancing in Mushuklar, most of the costumes did not last longer than a few months.^[97]

Heaviside layer

Syujeti Mushuklar revolves around a tribe of cats vying to go to the "Heaviside Layer", which is used as a metaphor for rebirth.^[5] The concept and the corresponding song "Journey to the Heaviside Layer" are based on an unpublished poem fragment tomonidan T. S. Eliot.^[98](The physical Kennelly-Heaviside qatlami is a layer of ionized gas in the upper reaches of the Earth's atmosphere that reflects some radio waves.)

Mahsulotlar

Mushuklar has been translated into over 15 languages and produced professionally in more than 30 countries.^[99]

London

Mushuklar at the New London Theatre (1999)

Mushuklar premiered in the West End at the Yangi London teatri on 11 May 1981. The musical was produced by Mackintosh and Lloyd Webber's Haqiqatan ham foydali guruh, with direction by Nunn, choreography by Lynne (who also served as the associate director), set and costume design by Napier, lighting design by Devid Xersi, sound design by Abe Jacob and music direction by Garri Rabinovits.^[100] It played a total of 8,949 performances before closing on its 21st anniversary, 11 May 2002. The final performance was broadcast live on a large outdoor screen in Kovent Garden for fans who could not acquire a ticket.^[101] Mushuklar held the record as London's longest-running musical from 1989, when it surpassed Iso Masihning super yulduzi,^[102] until 8 October 2006, when it was surpassed by Les Misérables.

The musical returned to the West End in 2014 for a planned 12-week limited run at the London Palladium. Beginning on 6 December, the revival starred Nikol Sherzinger as Grizabella, and featured the original creative team, with direction from Nunn, choreography by Lynne and design by Napier.^[62] Lloyd Webber was also involved and rewrote "The Rum Tum Tugger" for the revival.^[103] The run was later extended through April 2015 and an additional 100,000 tickets were released, with Kerri Ellis replacing Scherzinger as Grizabella.^[68] The musical returned once again to the London Palladium for another limited run lasting from 23 October 2015 to 2 January 2016, starring Beverli ritsari as Grizabella.^[104]

Broadway

Broadway revival of Mushuklar da Nil Simon teatri

Mushuklar debuted on Broadway on 7 October 1982 at the Qishki bog 'teatri with a record-breaking $6.2 million in ticket pre-sales.^[27] Most of the original creative team remained, with Martin Levan replacing Jacob as the sound designer and Stenli Lebovskiy replacing Rabinowitz as music director. The musical was co-produced by the original London production team, along with Devid Geffen va Shubert tashkiloti.^[60] It was the most expensive Broadway show ever mounted at the time with a production cost of $5.5 million,^[105] though it recouped its investment in less than 10 months.^[102] On 19 June 1997, Mushuklar o'zib ketdi Xor chizig'i bo'lish longest-running show in Broadway history with 6,138 performances.^[106] At the time, the musical was found to have had an economic impact of $3.12 billion on New York City and had generated the most theatrical jobs of any single entity in Broadway history.^[96] A June closing date was announced in early 2000 but was subsequently pushed back after a resulting surge in ticket sales.^[107] The show closed on 10 September 2000 after a total of 15 previews and 7,485 performances.^[60] One actress, Marlene Danielle, performed in the Broadway production for its entire 18-year run.^[72] Its Broadway-run record was surpassed on 9 January 2006 by Opera fantastikasi va Mushuklar remains Broadway's fourth-longest-running show hamma vaqt. Overall, the original Broadway production grossed approximately $388 million in ticket sales.^[108]

Encouraged by the reception to the first West End revival, producers began looking to bring Mushuklar back to Broadway in early 2015.^[109] The Broadway revival opened on 31 July 2016 at the Nil Simon teatri.^[32] It featured new choreography by Andy Blankenbuehler, with Nunn and Napier from the original creative team returning to direct and design respectively.^[110] Scherzinger, who played Grizabella in the 2014 West End revival, had originally agreed to reprise the role on Broadway but later withdrew.^[111] Leona Lyuis was cast as Grizabella instead,^[112] and was succeeded by Mamie Parris four months later in October 2016.^[113] The Broadway revival closed on 30 December 2017 after 16 previews and 593 performances.^[32]

Shimoliy Amerika

Following its Broadway debut, Mushuklar has been staged extensively across North America. The first US national tour, Cats National I, launched at the Shubert Theatre in Boston in December 1983 and closed in November 1987. The opening night cast included Laurie Beechman playing Grizabella and Sharlot d'Amboaz playing Cassandra; later replacements included Viktoriya Klark va Jessica Molaskey both playing Jellylorum/Griddlebone. This production was a "slow tour" that had lengthy engagements lasting for several months in each of the nine cities it visited.^[114][115] Cats National II, a separate sit-down production at the Los Angeles Shubert Theatre, ran from January 1985 to November 1986, and starred Kim Krisvell va Jorj de la Pena in the roles of Grizabella and Mistoffelees respectively.^[116][117] A third US touring company, Cats National III, ran for two years from September 1986 to September 1988. Notable performers in the third tour included Jonathan Cerullo as Skimbleshanks (1986) and Bill Nolte as Old Deuteronomy (1987).^[118]

The fourth national company, Cats National IV, toured the United States for 13 years from March 1987 to December 1999.^[119] It overtook the first national tour of Oklaxoma! in November 1997 to become the longest-running tour in theatre history, and played its 5,000th performance in July 1999.^[120] Notable performers in the fourth tour included Amelia Marshall as Sillabub (1988), Yan Horvat as Grizabella (1990), Bryan Batt as Munkustrap (1991–1992), Jennifer Cody as Rumpleteazer (1992), Devid Xibbard as Rum Tum Tugger (1992–1993), Natali Toro as Grizabella (1992, 1997), Kristofer Gattelli as Mistoffelees (1993), John Treacy Egan as Old Deuteronomy (1993–1994), J. Robert Spencer as Rum Tum Tugger (1995), Bart Shatto as Bustopher Jones/Gus/Growltiger (1996), Linda Balgord as Grizabella (1998), Endi Karl as Rum Tum Tugger (1998), and Lena Xoll as Demeter (1998).^[119] By June 1997, the North American touring companies had grossed over $400 million.^[89]

After the show's closure on Broadway in 2000, Troika Entertainment obtained the touring rights for Mushuklar and launched the show's first non-Tenglik national company.^[121] After a try-out at Harrahning Atlantika Siti in July 2001, the production toured North America for 11 years from August 2001 to June 2012.^{[122][123][124]} Performers in the non-Equity tour included Julie Garnyé as Jennyanydots (2001)^[125] va Dee Roscioli as Grizabella (2002).^[126][127] In January 2019, a new North American Equity tour based on the 2016 Broadway revival opened at the Providence Performing Arts Center yilda Rod-Aylend, and is scheduled to run through June 2020.^[128]

Meanwhile, the first Canadian national production premiered in March 1985 at the Elgin va qishki bog 'teatrlari yilda Toronto, Ontario. U ko'chib o'tdi Monreal two years later and then toured other parts of Canada. By the time the production closed in August 1989, it had become the most successful Canadian stage production of all time with a box office of $78 million from nearly 2 million tickets.^[120][129] A second All-Canadian company began at Toronto's former Panasonic teatri in May 2013 and ran for four months & 128 performances, 28 years after the original production.^[130]

The musical first played in Mexico from April 1991 to November 1992;^[122] the Spanish-language production performed over 400 shows and starred María del Sol as Grizabella,^[131] Manuel Landeta as Munkustrap,^[132] Susana Zabaleta as Jellylorum, Maru Dueñas as Sillabub and Ariel Lopes Padilla as Macavity.^[133] A revival premiered at the Teatro San Rafael in May 2013, with an opening night cast that included Filippa Jiordano as Grizabella, Landeta, and Maru Dueñas.^[134] After a total of 350 performances, the show closed at the Teatro San Rafael in June 2014,^[135] and then toured over 36 cities in Mexico until December 2014.^[136][137] Other performers who later joined the production included Lisset,^[138] Rocío Banquells,^[139] Lila Deneken va Myriam Montemayor Cruz, all of whom played Grizabella.^[140] Another Mexican revival was launched at the Coyoacán Centennial Theater in October 2018, with Yuriy as Grizabella and Landeta as Old Deuteronomy.^[132][141] The revival marked its 200th performance in May 2019.^[142]

Birlashgan Qirollik

The first UK and Ireland tour opened in May 1989 at the Opera teatri yilda "Blekpul". The cast for this tour included Marti Uebb as Grizabella, Rozemari Ford as Bombalurina and John Partridge as Alonzo.^[122] Following a six-month engagement in Blackpool that broke the theatre's box office record and was seen by around 450,000 people,^[143] the production moved to the Edinburg o'yin uyi for three months, before closing in May 1990 after another two months at the Point teatri yilda Dublin.^[122] A second national tour launched in June 1993 at the Bristol gipodromi,^[144] featuring Rosemarie Ford as Grizabella, Robin amakivachchalari as Munkustrap, Simon Rice as Mistoffelees and Toni monopoliyasi as Old Deuteronomy.^[145] The tour closed at the Manchester opera teatri in December 1995.^[146]

Following the closure of the original West End production, a nationwide tour embarked in 2003 with Chrissie Hammond starring as Grizabella,^[147][148] qadar Dianne Pilkington took over the role in 2006.^[149] Hammond reprised the role on tour again from 2007 to 2008.^[150][151]

A UK and Ireland tour of Mushuklar launched in February 2013 at the Edinburgh Playhouse with Joanna Ampil as Grizabella.^[152][153] Syuzan Makfadden took over the role from Ampil during the tour's three-week stop in Dublin.^[154] The production ran through 2014 before transferring to the West End.^[155] In between its limited West End runs, the musical returned to the Blackpool Opera House Theatre in 2015, this time starring Jeyn McDonald as Grizabella.^[156][157] After the second West End revival, the production toured the UK in 2016 with Anita Luiza Komb as Grizabella and Markvel Vard as Rum Tum Tugger.^[158][159]

Yaponiya

The CATS Theatre in Shinagava, Tokyo (2008)

The Japanese-language production of Mushuklar tomonidan Shiki teatr kompaniyasi has been playing continuously since it premiered in Shinjuku, Tokyo, in November 1983. This production is a "slow tour" with engagements lasting for several years in each of the nine cities it has visited.^[160][161] An initial investment of ¥800 million (US$3.4 million in 1983) was required to bring Mushuklar to Japan, including ¥300 million for the construction of a purpose-built theatre tailored to the needs of the musical. This was a big financial risk for the Shiki Theatre Company as it meant that a long run was needed to turn a profit; however, stage productions in Japan ran on a monthly basis at the time and open-ended runs were unheard of.^[162] The resulting success of this production led to what the local media termed a "musical boom" in the 1980s, with other Broadway musicals quickly following suit and opening in Japan.^[163]

2019 yildan boshlab^[yangilash], the show is performed at the purpose-built CATS Theatre in Tokyo.^[160][164] The production has played over 10,000 performances to over 10 million audience members.^[165]

Similar to the original London staging, the set of the 1,200-capacity CATS Theatre is built on a revolving stage floor such that during the overture, the stage and sections of the stalls revolve approximately 180 degrees into place.^[166][167] In 1998, the Japanese production underwent major revisions to the choreography, staging and costume designs.^[168] Following further revisions in 2018,^[169] the current incarnation features 27 named cats, including both Jemima and Sillabub (who have evolved into two separate characters), and an original character named Gilbert.^[170]

There have been numerous notable performers in the Japanese production, including Shintarō Sonuka as Munkustrap (original 1983 cast),^[171] Kanji Ishimaru as Skimbleshanks (1992),^[172] Masachika Ichimura va Mayo Kavasaki.^[173] Yoshiko Hattori (ja:服部良子 ) holds the production's record for the longest-appearing cast member; she played Jennyanydots in the original 1983 cast and remained in the role for 20 years with a final performance tally of 4,251.^[173]

Vena

Rahbarligi ostida Piter Vek, the first German-language production of Mushuklar opened in September 1983 at the Teatr an der Wien yilda Vena, Avstriya. In 1988, the show transferred to the newly renovated Ronacher Theatre where it ran for another two years before closing on its seventh anniversary in September 1990.^[114][174] The Vienna production played a total of 2,040 performances to more than 2.3 million audience members.^[175]

The original Viennese cast included Ute Lemper who played Bombalurina, Stiv Barton who played Munkustrap, and Robert Montano who played Pouncival.^[114] Pia Douwes was also a member of the cast from 1987 to 1989, covering several different characters including Grizabella.^[176] The Vienna production also performed limited runs at the Komische Oper Berlin yilda Sharqiy Germaniya 1987 yilda,^[177] and at the Moscow Operetta Theatre in the Sovet Ittifoqi 1988 yilda.^[178]

An ongoing revival by the Vereinigte Bühnen Wien production company opened at the Ronacher Theatre in September 2019.^[179]

Germaniya

The Operettenhaus qayerda Mushuklar played for 15 years

Influenced by the show's success in Vienna, a German production by Stella Entertainment premiered in April 1986 at the newly renovated Operettenhaus yilda Gamburg.^[174][180] It closed in January 2001 after 15 years, having played over 6,100 performances to 6.2 million audiences.^[180][181] Mushuklar was the first stage production in the country to be mounted without public funding and was also the first to run for multiple years; its success established the medium as a profitable venture in Germany.^[181] The musical was also a huge boost for tourism in Hamburg, particularly the subdivision of Sankt-Pauli where it accounted for 30% of all tourists. The number of overnight visitors to the city increased by over one million per year within the first five years of the show's premiere.^[180]

Mushuklar redefined musical theatre in the German-speaking part of the world, turning an industry which consisted of repertuar teatri at the time towards privately funded commercial productions. The success of the Vienna and Hamburg productions sparked a "musical boom" in the region that saw numerous musicals being launched not just in Germany but also in Shveytsariya.^[174][181] It also led to a "construction boom" in Germany as new theatrical venues such as the Shmidt teatri were enacted all around the country.^[181][182] Germany has since grown to become the third largest musical market after the US and UK, with Hamburg as its "musical capital".^[174][181]

After Hamburg, the German production transferred to Shtutgart where it played from 2001 to 2002.^[183][184] Stage Entertainment took over the production mid-2002 and moved the show to Berlin (2002–2004)^[185][186] va keyinroq Dyusseldorf (2004–2005),^[187] before touring other cities until 2006.^[188][189] Mehr-Entertainment launched a separate tour of Mushuklar that ran from December 2010 to June 2013, performing in a travelling purpose-built tent theatre.^[181] Besides Germany, this company also made stops in cities in Luxembourg, Switzerland and Austria.^[190]

Evropa

Beyond the UK, Vienna, and Germany, Mushuklar is also produced frequently in the rest of Europe.

1980 va 1990 yillar

The first non-English production of Mushuklar premiered in March 1983 at the Madách Theatre in Budapesht, Hungary, with direction by Tamás Szirtes and choreography by László Seregi.^[191] Since then, the Hungarian-language production has continued to be staged intermittently as part of the Madách Theatre's repertoire and, as of 2017, has been performed nearly 1,500 times.^[192][193]

November 1985 saw the premiere of a Norwegian-language production at Det Norske teatreti yilda Oslo. It closed in January 1987 and included performers such as Øivind Blunk, Brit Elisabeth Haagensli va Øystein Wiik.^[120][194] Jorma Uotinen directed and choreographed a Finnish production at the Xelsinki shahar teatri that ran for over two years from September 1986 to December 1988, and featured Monika Aspelund as Grizabella, Xeyki Kinnunen as Gus, and Kristiina Elstelä as Jennyanydots/Griddlebone.^[195] A Swedish version of the musical opened in 1987 at the Chinateatern yilda Stokgolm. The production was seen by 326,000 audiences before it transferred to the Skandinaviya yilda Gyoteborg ikki yildan keyin.^[196]

Ayni paytda, Carré teatri yilda Amsterdam, Netherlands, staged the musical in 1987 (with Rut Jekott as Grizabella^[197]), 1988 and from 1992 to 1993.^[198] Mushuklar made its French debut at the Parij teatri from February 1989 to April 1990,^[122] with an original cast that included Gilles Ramade as Old Deuteronomy.^[199] The show was also produced in Tsyurix at the ABB Musical Theatre from 1991 to 1993,^[200] while a production by Xup van den Ende va Flandriya Qirollik baleti was staged at the Stadsschouwburg Antwerpen in Belgium in 1996.^[201] An English/German-language "Eurotour" production also toured the region from May 1994 to December 1995.^[175]

21-asr

The first non-replica production of Mushuklar was staged at the Teatr Muzyczny Roma in Warsaw, Poland (2007).

The show was staged at the Det Ny Teater yilda Kopengagen, Denmark, in the 2002–2003 season.^[202] This Danish production was translated by Adam Prays and was one of the largest theatrical productions ever mounted in the country at the time with 100 performers, musicians and stagehands.^[203] The first non-replica production of Mushuklar was approved for a Polish production at the Teatr Muzyczny Roma in Varshava.^[204] Set in an abandoned film studio instead of a junkyard, the Polish version opened in January 2004 and closed in 2010.^{[205][206][207]} The Gothenburg opera house staged a production with a Swedish-language script by Ingela Forsman; this version was reimagined to take place in an abandoned fairground and played from September 2006 to February 2007.^[208] Other productions were also staged at the Divadlo Milenium in Praga from 2004 to 2005,^[189] and a Norwegian revival at the Chat Noir in Oslo in 2009.^[209] The first Italian-language production began touring Italy in 2009.^[210]

The Dutch live entertainment company Stage Entertainment has been responsible for several European productions of Mushuklar. The company produced the musical at the Coliseum Theatre in Madrid from December 2003 to January 2005, with a cast that included Víctor Ullate Roche as Mistoffelees.^[211][212] They then staged a Russian-language production at the Moscow Palace of Youth from 2005 to 2006, with a cast that included Ivan Ozhogin as Munkustrap.^[213][214] A Dutch production under the same company toured the Netherlands and Belgium from 2006 to 2007,^[206][215] featuring several performers in the role of Grizabella including Pia Douwes va Anita Meyer.^[216][217] A Paris revival by Stage Entertainment ran at the Terat Mogador from October 2015 to July 2016. This production was based on the 2014 London revival and also featured a new song written especially for the French show by Lloyd Webber.^[218][219]

English-language touring companies have also toured the European region extensively. International tours in the early to late 2000s included stops in Sweden, Norway,^[220] Finlyandiya,^[221] Gretsiya,^[189] Portugaliya,^[222] Germaniya,^[223] va Italiya.^[224] The 2013–2014 UK tour visited cities in Belgium,^[215][225] Greece, Italy,^[226] Monaco, and Portugal.^[155] Most recently, a UK production played in numerous European cities from 2016 to 2019, with tour stops in Switzerland, Croatia, Belgium, Poland, Bulgaria, Germany, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Denmark, Netherlands, and Luxembourg.^[227] These European tours have featured several notable performers in the role of Grizabella, including Pernilla Vahlgren (Sweden; 2003),^[228] Katarina Hasprova (Slovakia; 2016)^[229] va Jenna Li-Jeyms (Netherlands; 2018–2019).^[230]

Okeaniya

The first Australian production ran from July 1985 to August 1987 at the Teatr Royal yilda Sidney. Asl aktyorlar tarkibiga kiritilgan Debra Byorn as Grizabella, Jon Vud as Old Deuteronomy, Marina oldin as Jellylorum, Jeff Fillips as Rum Tum Tugger, Devid Atkins as Mistoffelees, and Anita Luiza Komb as Sillabub.^[120][231] The Sydney production cost $3 million to mount and grossed a record $28 million. It was credited with revitalising the then-stagnant musical genre in Australia. After closing in Sydney, an additional $1.8 million was spent transferring the production to Melburn, including $725,000 to refurbish the old Ulug'vorning teatri.^[232] The Melbourne run played from October 1987 to December 1988, with an opening night cast that included Megan Uilyams as Grizabella, Wood as Old Deuteronomy, Phillips as Rum Tum Tugger, Linda Xartli-Klark as Demeter, Femi Teylor as Bombalurina, Rachael Bek as Rumpleteazer and Seán Martin Hingston as Plato/Macavity.^[120][233] From 1989 to 1990, the company toured the Festival teatri yilda Adelaida,^[234] Ulug'vorning teatri yilda Pert,^[235] Fuqarolik teatri yilda Nyukasl, Lirik teatr yilda Brisben, va Aotea markazi yilda Oklend.^[120] This was followed by a second national tour from 1993 to 1996,^[236] davomida Delia Hannah made her debut as Grizabella in 1994.^[237] Professional sirk moslashish Mushuklar, sarlavhali Cats Run Away to the Circus, had a national tent tour from 1999 to 2001, with Hannah once again starring as Grizabella.^[238][239] Hannah reprised her role for another production that toured Australia and Asia in 2009 and 2010.^[240]

In July 2014, Australia's Yomg'ir teatri kompaniyasi staged the biggest production of Mushuklar in the Southern Hemisphere with over 700 performers. Tomonidan ishlab chiqarilgan Tim O'Konnor, the production was performed at the Brisben Kongress va ko'rgazma markazi. Callum Mansfield directed and choreographed it, and its cast included Marina Prior as Grizabella and Stiven Tendi as Bustopher Jones and Gus.^[241][242] From October 2015 to May 2016, a revival toured Australia with stops in Sydney, Xobart, Melbourne, Brisbane, Adelaide, and Perth.^[243][244] The revival featured singer-songwriter Delta Goodrem as Grizabella,^[245] before Delia Hannah took over the role during the Adelaide and Perth seasons.^[237][246]

The musical played in Auckland from 1989 to 1990,^[247] and for a limited run in 2015.^[248] A New Zealand national tour played across 16 cities in 2019, with a reimagined setting in a derelict Viktoriya davri theatre that was inspired by post-earthquake Christchurch.^[249]

Osiyo

Besides Japan, Mushuklar is also produced regularly in other parts of Asia. The region has hosted numerous English-language productions of the musical, beginning with a tour from 1993 to 1994 when it played in Singapore (with local actress Jakinta Abisheganaden Grizabella kabi),^[250] Hong Kong and South Korea.^[251] Mushuklar returned to Asia from 2002 to 2004, when an international touring company performed in Malaysia,^[252] Janubiy Koreya,^[253] Shanxay,^[254] Taypey va Pekin;^{[255][256][257]} the 2004 cast included Slindile Nodangala in the role of Grizabella.^[256] A touring company visited Asia again between 2007 and 2010, including stops in Taiwan,^[206] Makao, and Thailand in 2007;^[258] South Korea from 2007 to 2008;^[259] China in 2008;^[260] Singapore and Hong Kong in 2009 (with Delia Hannah playing Grizabella);^{[240][261][262]} va Manila in 2010 (with Lea Salonga as Grizabella).^[263] Mushuklar toured Asia again from 2014 to 2015, making stops in South Korea, Singapore and Macau.^[264] Two years later, another Asian tour was launched and is scheduled to run through 2020, with visits to South Korea from 2017 to 2018,^[265] Gonkong^[266] and Taiwan in 2018,^[267] China in 2018 (with Joanna Ampil as Grizabella) and 2019,^[268] and planned stops in the Philippines and Singapore in 2019, and Malaysia in 2020.^[268] Mushuklar was China's highest-grossing musical in 2018, accounting for over 20% of the total grosses from all musicals staged in the country that year.^[269]

The musical has also been translated and staged nationally in Asia. From September 2008 to May 2009, a Korean-language production toured South Korea, with Shin Youngsook va Ok Jo-Xyun alternating as Grizabella, Kim Jin Vu va Daesung alternating as Rum Tum Tugger, and Kim Bo-kyung as Rumpleteazer.^[270] This production was revived and toured South Korea from 2011 to 2012, with Insooni va Park Xemi taking turns to portray Grizabella.^[271] The first Chinese-language production began touring various cities in China in 2012.^[272]

Boshqalar

Spanish and Portuguese-language productions of Mushuklar have been staged in Janubiy Amerika, with productions in Argentina in 1993 (with Olivia Bucio Grizabella kabi),^[178] in Chile in 2006 (at the Arena Santiago )^[273] va 2014 yil,^[274] in Colombia in 2009,^[275] and in Brazil in 2010 (with Paula Lima as Grizabella).^[276]Other countries that the musical has been performed in include South Africa (2001–2002),^[252] Lebanon (2002),^[277] Qatar (2003, 2017),^[278][279] Turkey (2013),^[280] Israel (2014),^[281] va Birlashgan Arab Amirliklari (2017).^[282]

Karib dengizidagi xalqaro announced in April 2014 that a full-length production of Mushuklar will be performed regularly for guests aboard the cruise ship Dengizlar vohasi.^[283] The production began playing in autumn 2014 and the cast is rotated every nine months.^[283][284]

Regional and amateur

A school production of Mushuklar yilda Bangalor, Hindiston (2014)

Mushuklar has been produced by various professional regional theatre companies. Broadway Sakramento staged the musical in 2003 and 2009 at the Uells Fargo pavilyoni. Ikkala ishlab chiqarish ham namoyish etildi Ken Peyj reprising his role as Old Deuteronomy from the original Broadway production, along with Jacquelyn Piro Donovan as Grizabella and Jeffri Denman as Munkustrap.^[285][286] 2010 yil amfiteatr ishlab chiqarish Muni starred Page as Old Deuteronomy, Stefani J. Blok as Grizabella and Lara Teeter as Munkustrap.^[287] The La Mirada Theatre for the Performing Arts staged the musical in 2014, with a cast that included Todrik Xoll as Rum Tum Tugger.^[288]

Nick Winston directed and choreographed a production at the Kilworth House Theatre in 2019 with a cast that included Emma Xetton va Xelen Anker. Set in a dilapidated London metrosi davomida stansiya Ikkinchi jahon urushi, this production was given a 5-star review by Sahna for its "radical" reimagining of Mushuklar.^[289]

The musical is also available for school and amateur licensing through The Musical Company.^[290] On 24 March 2013, the largest-ever staging of Mushuklar was performed by 3,000 students from Stagecoach teatri san'ati schools at the Milliy yopiq arena yilda Birmingem, Buyuk Britaniya.^[291]

Filmni moslashtirish

Stiven Spilberg 's former animation studio Amblimatsiya had planned an animated adaptation of the musical in the 1990s.^[292] The film was to be set in war-torn London during Ikkinchi jahon urushi, but the project was abandoned with the studio's closure in 1997.^[293] Keyingi yil, a to'g'ridan-to'g'ri videofilm ozod qilindi. Film rejissyori Devid Mallet and was shot at the Adelfi teatri Londonda. U yulduz edi Eleyn Peyj as Grizabella, Jon Mills as Gus, Ken Peyj as Old Deuteronomy, and Maykl Gruber as Munkustrap.^[294]

A filmni moslashtirish rejissor Tom Xuper uchun Universal rasmlar, Amblin Entertainment va Ishchi filmlar was released on 20 December 2019. The film starred Jeyms Korden as Bustopher Jones, Judi Dench as Old Deuteronomy, Jeyson Derulo as Rum Tum Tugger, Idris Elba as Macavity, Jennifer Hudson as Grizabella, Yan Makkelen as Gus, Teylor Svift as Bombalurina, Isyonkor Uilson as Jennyanydots and Francheska Xeyvord as Victoria.^[295]It was not received well by audiences, being called "creepy" and "disturbing"

Qabul qilish

Teatr kassasi

Mushuklar reklama roligi blokbaster. Uning butun dunyo bo'ylab teatr kassasi 1994 yilga kelib 2 milliard AQSh dollaridan ziyod pul ishlab topganligi uni o'sha paytdagi tarixdagi eng yuqori musiqiy musiqaga aylantirdi.^[296] 2012 yilda Nyu-York Post musiqiy daromadi 3,5 milliard dollarga etganligi haqida xabar berdi.^[297]

Tanqidiy qabul

London

Londonning dastlabki asari asosan maqtovga sazovor bo'ldi, tanqidchilar uni Britaniyaning musiqiy teatrida suv havzasi sifatida baholashdi.^[298] Maykl Billington ning Guardian maqtadi Mushuklar "umumiy teatrning quvnoq qismi" sifatida. Billington shou "kuchli doirasi" va she'rlarning birlashtirilishi osonligini yuqori baholadi. Shuningdek, u Lloyd Uebberning uyg'un kompozitsiyalari, Napierning atrof-muhit to'plami, Leynning samarali va ba'zida yorqin xoreografiyasi va Nannning butun auditoriyadan foydalangan "ko'zni qamashtiradigan sahna ko'rinishi" dan juda ta'sirlandi.^[299] Ko'rgazma xuddi shunday yorqin sharhlarni oldi Sunday Times' Derek Jewell va Sahna'Piter Xepple. Jewell uni "hech qachon sahnalashtirilgan eng quvnoq va innovatsion musiqiy filmlar qatorida" deb e'lon qildi,^[298] Gepple buni e'lon qildi Mushuklar, "Britaniyalik musiqiy musiqa ulkan pog'onani bosib o'tdi, ixtirochilik va ixtiro jihatidan Broadway bizga yuborgan har qanday narsadan ustun keldi".^[300]

Bir nechta iliq sharhlar bor edi, eng muhimi Irving Uordl ning The Times. Uordl Lloyd Uebberning kompozitsiyalaridan zavqlanar edi, ammo vizual tomoshani juda zo'r deb hisoblar edi.^[298] Robert Kushman uchun sharh Kuzatuvchi degan xulosaga keldi Mushuklar nuqsonli, ammo qabul qilib bo'lmaydigan edi.^[301]

2014 va 2015 yillardagi London jonlanishlari uchun sharhlar ham ijobiy bo'ldi, tanqidchilar ikkala asarga o'rtacha 5 yulduzdan 4tasini berishdi.^[302][303] Tanqidchilar odatda uyg'onishlarni yoqimli va tetiklantiruvchi deb topdilar Mark Shenton yangi sahnalashtirishda asl nusxada immersivlik yo'qligi hafsalasi pir bo'ldi.^[302][304]

Broadway

Broadway-ning asl ishlab chiqarishiga reaktsiyalar aralashdi.^[305] Uning sharhida The New York Times, Frank Boy shouning asosiy chizig'i "tomoshabinlarni faqat teatrda mavjud bo'lishi mumkin bo'lgan to'liq fantaziya dunyosiga olib borishi" ekanligini ta'kidladi. U ushbu "ajoyib tomosha" ning aksariyat qismini Nannning yo'nalishi, Napierning to'plami va liboslari dizayni hamda iste'dodli aktyorlar bilan bog'ladi. Rich Lloyd Uebberning ko'plab qo'shiqlarini "mohirona va mos ravishda" pastiche deb topdi va Lin va Nann har bir personajni shaxsiylashtirilgan harakatlar orqali qanday ajratib olganiga qoyil qoldi. Biroq, u Leynning xoreografiyasidan voz kechdi va musiqiy voqeani aytib berish uchun noaniq urinishida muvaffaqiyatsizlikka uchraganini sezdi. Umuman olganda, u shouda ko'proq "eng ixtirochi sahna ishi bilan borishni istash" ko'proq bo'lishini xohlar edi.^[306] Kliv Barns ning Nyu-York Post "Uning ahamiyati butun qalbida. Bu musiqiy teatrning e'tiborsiz qoldirib bo'lmaydigan, munozarali bo'lishi kerak va hech qachon unutilmas degan bayonotidir", deb o'z sharhini yakunladi.^[307]

2016 Broadway uyg'onishi tomonidan xuddi shunday aralash sharh qabul qilindi Charlz Ishervud ning The New York Times. Ishervud uyg'onish "asosan" deb xulosa qildi Mushuklar siz musiqiy teatr xatolaridan birinchi marta aziyat chekkaningizda bilgansiz va sevgansiz. Yoki bu Mushuklar siz birinchi marta duch kelganingizda bilgansiz va g'ijirlagansiz. "^[308]

Mukofotlar va nominatsiyalar

Mushuklar ko'plab xalqaro mukofotlar va nominatsiyalarga sazovor bo'ldi. Londonning asl mahsuloti oltitaga nomzod bo'lgan Laurens Olivier mukofotlari 1981 yilda ikkita mukofotga sazovor bo'ldi Eng yaxshi yangi musiqiy asar.^[309] Ikki yil o'tgach, Broadway-ning dastlabki ishlab chiqarilishi ettitasini yutdi Toni mukofotlari, shu jumladan Eng yaxshi musiqiy, o'n bitta nominatsiyadan.^[310] London va Broadway yozuvlari nomzodi ko'rsatildi Eng yaxshi musiqiy teatr albomi uchun Grammy mukofoti, ikkinchisi g'olib chiqdi.^[311][312] 2015 yilda Londonning tiklanishi ikki Olivier mukofotiga, shu jumladan, nomzod bo'lgan - ammo g'olib chiqmagan Eng yaxshi musiqiy jonlanish.^[313]

Meros va madaniy ta'sir

Ular tarixni shunday ajratadilar: miloddan avvalgi - oldin Mushuklar - va milodiy - Endryu Dominant.

— Mark Steyn musiqiy teatr tarixi haqida.^[314]

Qachon har xil sharhlarga qaramay Mushuklar 1982 yilda Nyu-Yorkda ochilgan tanqidchilar uning Brodvey ilgari ko'rmagan usullar bilan innovatsion va ingl.^[307] Musiqiy madaniy hodisaga aylandi va vositaga katta ta'sir ko'rsatdi.^[315] Mushuklar musiqiy teatrni global tovar sifatida tashkil etdi,^[316][317] sohada yangi davrning boshlanishini belgilaydi, bu global daromadlarni jalb qilish uchun ulkan global ulushlar bilan tavsiflanadi.^[316] Bu Broadway bozorida katta byudjetga o'tishga olib keldi blokbasterlar va oilalar va sayyohlarga murojaat qiladigan ko'rsatuvlar,^[89][318] bu esa o'z navbatida raqobatlashishga qiynaladigan kichik ishlab chiqarishlarni qoldirdi.^[317] Mushuklar Shuningdek, "oltin asr Britaniya musiqiy asarlari "filmida West End eksporti qariyb yigirma yil davomida ushbu sohada hukmronlik qilmoqda.^[319][320] Musiqiy teatr tarixchisi Vagelis Siropoulos taassurot jihatidan "Broadway ochilishida" Mushuklar edi "faqat bilan taqqoslash mumkin Rodjers va Xammerstayn "s Oklaxoma! o'ttiz to'qqiz yil oldin. "^[316]

Oxir oqibat, tanqidchilar bu masalada qutblangan Mushuklar musiqiy teatrni yaxshi yoki yomon tomoniga o'zgartirdi. Uilyam Grimes uning kamsituvchilari haqida shunday yozgan edi: "Ko'radiganlar ozgina Mushuklar megabudjetning ko'tarilishining teatr ekvivalenti sifatida fenomen Gollivud aksion film. Ular uchun, Mushuklar ruhsiz pul mashinasidir. "^[307]

Ta'sir va yangiliklar

Sifatida "birinchi haqiqat megamusical ",^[321] Mushuklar katta va global miqyosda yaratiladigan musiqiy teatr janrining kashshofi. Bu keyinchalik megamusicals uchun yo'l ochdi - shu jumladan Les Misérables (1985), Opera fantastikasi (1986) va Miss Saygon (1989) - shu vaqtdan beri sohada hukmronlik qilmoqda.^[322] Siropulos tushuntirdi:

Mushuklar kvintessensial megamuzikali hisoblanadi, chunki u ilgari namoyish etilmaganidek, teatr maydonini ulkan ta'sirchan o'rab oluvchi sifatida ko'rib chiqdi, bu tomosha qilish tajribasini gipercharged hayajonli yurishga, tomoshabinni esa yangi va qiyin ovozli va vizual hissiyotlarni o'rganuvchiga aylantiradi. Uning misli ko'rilmagan muvaffaqiyati giperspatial konfiguratsiyalarning yanada jasoratli bo'lishiga yo'l ochdi, dizaynerni atrof-muhitni yaratuvchisi qildi va ko'tarib chiqdi yorug'lik va ovoz dizayni o'zlari tomonidan san'at maqomiga. Shuningdek, u sahna texnologiyasining doimiy inqilobiga yo'l ochdi.^[323]

Mushukning ko'zlari logotipi va "hozir va abadiy" shiori New London Theatre (1999) da musiqiy filmni reklama qilishda ishlatilgan.

Mushuklar keyingi megamusicals uchun shablonni o'rnatadigan marketing strategiyasini taqdim etdi. Musiqiy uchun dastlabki reklama an'anaviy bo'lmagan tirnoqlarni torting (ko'plab ijobiy sharhlarga qaramay) yoki aktyorlarning birortasi, buning o'rniga shou o'zini yulduz deb belgilaydi. Buni shou yuzi sifatida taniladigan yagona tasvirni (mushukning ko'zlari logotipi) qabul qilib, keyin agressiv ravishda targ'ib qilish orqali amalga oshirdi.^[324] Mushukning ko'zlari logotipi musiqiy teatr tarixidagi global miqyosda sotilgan birinchi logotip edi,^[89] va a bilan bog'langan tagline ("hozir va abadiy") nimani yaratish Daily Telegraph "musiqiy teatrning eng buyuk plakatlaridan biri" deb nomlangan.^[325] Bunday brend timsollari keyingi megamusikalar uchun ham xuddi shunday samarali bo'lib chiqdi, chunki ular belda ko'rinadi Cosette uchun Les Misérables va Phantom maskasi Opera fantastikasi. Ushbu reklama usuli tanqidiy sharhlarning ahamiyatini pasayishiga qo'shimcha ta'sir ko'rsatdi, megamusicalsning "tanqidga sig'maydigan" maqomini ommalashtirdi.^[324]

Qo'shimcha ravishda, Mushuklar Broadway va West End shoulari asosiy daromad manbai sifatida savdo-sotiqdan foydalangan birinchi shou bo'ldi. Teatr qabulxonalarida o'yinchoqlar va soatlardan tortib kofe krujkalarigacha bo'lgan esdalik sovg'alarini sotish uchun rastalar tashkil etildi, ularning barchasi mushukning ko'zlari logotipi bilan bezatilgan. Rasmiy Mushuklar futbolka 1980-yillarda dunyodagi eng ko'p sotilgan ikkinchi futbolka bo'lib, faqat ikkinchi o'rinda turadi Hard Rock kafesi futbolka. Savdo-sotiq shundan beri soha uchun muhim daromad manbaiga aylandi.^[316][326]

Megamusicaldan tashqari, Mushuklar Broadway-da oilalar va sayyohlarga mo'ljallangan musiqiy filmlar tendentsiyasini olib bordi, keyinchalik bu shaklni oldi Disney teatr mahsulotlari va jukebox musiqiy asarlari.^[318][327] Ushbu demografik sohada e'tiborga olinmagan bir paytda musiqiy maqsadli oilaviy tomoshabinlar uchun marketing kampaniyalari.^[327] Bastakor Djo Raposo 1986 yilda oilaviy musiqiy filmlar haqida shunday degan: "Mushuklar u erda tomoshabinlar mavjud bo'lgan narsalarning ajoyib dalilidir. Odamlar o'z farzandlari uchun teatrlashtirilgan tomosha qilishni xohlashadi. "^[328] Broadway-ning asl mahsuloti osongina erishish mumkin bo'lgan tomoshasi tufayli Nyu-Yorkdagi o'sha paytda rivojlanib borayotgan sayyohlik shov-shuviga ham ta'sir ko'rsatdi va uning tomoshabinlari keyingi yillarda tobora chet ellik mehmonlarga qarab siljishdi.^[324][317] Billington, shuningdek, jukebox musiqiy janrining ko'tarilishini izlaydi Mushuklarikkinchisining dramatik matnni e'tiborsiz qoldirganligi sababli, hamma narsani qamrab olgan teatr tajribasi foydasiga.^[329]

O'shandan beri jonli teatrda radio mikrofonlar odatiy holga aylandi Mushuklar.^[330]

Musiqiy xayol sozlash va e'tiborsiz qoldirish aniqlik yoritish va audio texnologiyasida poydevor yaratuvchi tajribalar o'tkazishga imkon berdi. London va Broadway-ning asl asarlari namoyish etildi Devid Xersi ning kashshof foydalanish avtomatlashtirilgan yoritish kaleydoskopik landshaftlar va murakkab optik effektlarni yaratish. Shuningdek, Xersi yorug'likni "me'moriy uslubda" ishlatgan, tez o'zgaruvchan konfiguratsiyalar bilan turli xil ijrochilarni tezkor ketma-ket e'tiborga olish uchun. Tomoshabin nuqtai nazarining bu o'zgarishi dinamikaga o'xshash effekt yaratdi tez kesish filmni tahrirlashda.^[16] Ning asl London ishlab chiqarishi Mushuklar Bundan tashqari, butun aktyorlar individual ravishda jihozlangan birinchi ma'lum bo'lgan misol radio mikrofonlar.^[330] Umumiy atrof-muhit mikrofonlaridan chiqib ketish shou teatr maydonining akustikasi va me'morchilik dizayniga bog'liq bo'lmasligi kerakligini anglatdi va ovoz dizayneriga jonli teatrda ovozni kuchaytirish va studiya sifatli ovozning kinematik darajalariga erishishga imkon berdi.^[331] Ushbu amaliyot ovozli dizaynni o'zgartirdi va shu vaqtdan beri jonli teatrda odatiy holga aylandi.^[330]

Mushuklar sanoat kapitallashtirishda davom etayotgan yangi mintaqaviy, turistik va xalqaro bozorlarni ochdi.^[317] Mackintosh o'zining shousining global salohiyatini tan olib, butun dunyo bo'ylab asl mahsulotni misli ko'rilmagan standartlashtirish darajasi bilan takrorladi.^[316] Parafrazing teatr tarixchisi Alan Filevod, Marla Karlson shunday deb yozgan edi:

Mushuklar "Broadway" ning ma'lum bir joydan, har qanday joyda va hamma joyda yashashi mumkin bo'lgan delokalizatsiya qilingan "qabul qilish momenti" ga bosqichma-bosqich o'zgarishini boshladi, hattoki haqiqiy Brodvey teatrida kassa muvaffaqiyatini berganligini tasdiqlash shtampiga bog'liq.^[332]

1980-yillarda mahalliy ishlab chiqarishlarning muvaffaqiyati Mushuklar Tokioda,^[163] Sidney,^[333] Vena, Gamburg,^[174] va Toronto ushbu shaharlarni (va ularga tegishli mamlakatlarni) global teatr davrining asosiy tijorat bozorlari sifatida tashkil etgan burilish nuqtalari edi.^[334] Musiqiy, shuningdek, Broadway turistik sanoati uchun foydali bo'ldi. 1997 yilda, The New York Times ning mintaqaviy va turistik ishlab chiqarishlarini kreditlashdi Mushuklar "sarkma yo'l biznesini deyarli birdaniga jonlantirish" bilan.^[335] Mushuklar odatdagi bir haftalik yoki o'n kunlik tur to'xtash joyidan farqli o'laroq, bitta shaharda bir necha hafta yoki oy davom etishi mumkin bo'lgan kengaytirilgan turistik kelishuvlar amaliyotini joriy etish orqali turistik biznesda inqilob qildi. Makintoshning ta'kidlashicha, barcha gastrol gastrollari Mushuklar Broadway prodyuserini takrorlash, shuningdek, mintaqaviy teatr maydonlarining kengayishi va yangilanishiga olib keldi, chunki bu musiqiy talabga javob beradigan logistika talablariga javob berdi, chunki mahalliy teatr egalari serdaromad shou o'tkazish imkoniyatini qo'ldan boy berishni xohlamadilar.^[336]

"Xotira"

"Xotira" - bu eng mashhur qo'shiq Mushuklar. 2002 yilga kelib ushbu qo'shiq AQShdagi radio va telekanallarda ikki milliondan ortiq marta yangradi.^[101] Bu 1980-yillarda fortepiano barlari va dam olish xonalarida eng ko'p so'ralgan qo'shiq edi va to'ylarda, konsertlarda va boshqa yig'ilishlarda bir xil darajada mashhur bo'lgan. 2006 yilga kelib, qo'shiq kabi san'atkorlar tomonidan 600 marta yozilgan Barbra Streisand, Barri Manilov, Judi Kollinz va Johnny Mathis, dan boshlab qopqoqlarda oson tinglash ga texno.^[337] Sternfeldning so'zlariga ko'ra, bu "ba'zi bir taxminlarga ko'ra musiqiy musiqadan eng muvaffaqiyatli qo'shiq".^[321]

Ijodkorlar

Mushuklar barchamiz uchun zamin yaratuvchi shou bo'ldi ... Muvaffaqiyat bizga barcha tomoshalarni davom ettirish va tomosha qilish uchun erkinlik berdi.

— Makintosh^[319]

O'rtacha xitlarga qaramay Iso Masihning super yulduzi va Evita, Lloyd Uebber bundan oldin ham keng jamoatchilik uchun hali ham noma'lum edi Mushuklar, ayniqsa AQShda. Bilan Mushuklar, u o'z-o'zidan katta taniqli odamga aylandi.^[321] Musiqiy, shuningdek, asl ijodiy va prodyuserlik guruhining teatr karerasini yaratdi. Keyingi Mushuklar, ular boshqa global blokbasterlarda, shu jumladan, hamkorlik qildilar Starlight Express (bastakor Lloyd Uebber, rejissyor Nann va dizayneri Napier), Les Misérables (rejissyor Nunn, Napier tomonidan ishlab chiqarilgan va Makintosh tomonidan ishlab chiqarilgan), va Opera fantastikasi (bastakor Lloyd Uebber, xoreograf Layn va Makintosh tomonidan ishlab chiqarilgan).^[1][338]

Londonning asl mahsuloti bo'lgan Nyu-London teatri Mushuklar 21 yil davomida o'ynagan, 2018 yilda rasmiy ravishda Gillian Layn teatri deb o'zgartirilgan. Bu Linni West End teatriga ega bo'lgan birinchi qirol bo'lmagan ayolga aylantirdi.^[339]

2012 yilga kelib royalti to'lovlari dan Mushuklar Eliot ko'chmas mulkiga taxminan 100 million dollar tushgan.^[297] Valeriy Eliot ushbu pulning bir qismini Old Possum's Practical Trust adabiy xayriya jamg'armasini tashkil etish va T. S. Eliot mukofoti shundan beri "she'riyatda eng ko'p kutilgan mukofot" ga aylandi.^[340][341] Mushuklar shuningdek, ingliz mustaqil nashriyotining ishini o'zgartirdi Faber va Faber. Noshiri sifatida Old Possumning amaliy mushuklar kitobi, har yili 1 million funt sterlinggacha bo'lgan royalti^[319] 1980-yillarda o'sha paytda kurash olib borgan Faberni ushlab turdi.^[342] Bundan tashqari, musiqiy musiqa Eliotning kitobi savdosining oshishiga olib keldi.^[1] Muvaffaqiyat Mushuklar Faberni yana bir adabiy xususiyatini o'zgartirishga undadi, Ted Xyuz ' Temir odam, 1989 yilgacha shu nomdagi musiqiy.^[343]

Ommaviy madaniyatda

Mushuklar ekranda ko'p marta havola qilingan; filmlardan Olti daraja ajratish^[296] va Amerika jamoasi: Jahon politsiyasi,^[344] uchun komediya eskizlari Saturday Night Live va shunga o'xshash animatsion seriyalar Oilaviy yigit, Simpsonlar va BoJack Horseman,^[345] shuningdek, jonli aksiyalar komediyalari, shu jumladan Oltin qizlar, Shahardagi Karolin, Xursand bo'ling va Buzilmaydigan Kimmi Shmidt.^[346][347] Musiqiy teleserialning epizodi Jinni sobiq sevgilisi, "Menga bir oz muvozanat kerak" deb nomlangan, parodiya qilingan Mushuklar antropomorfik mushuklar tomonidan "o'zlarini 80-yillardan beri tanishtiradigan" Broadway urishlari "tomonidan aytilgan barcha qo'shiqlarga ega bo'lish.^[348]

Musiqiyning sahna parodiyalari, shuningdek, West End va Off-Broadway. Mushuk - (O'YIN !!!), Jeymi Beamish va Richard Xardvik tomonidan yozilgan bir kishilik shou - bu qorong'u komediya Londonning asl ishlab chiqarishidan haydalgan mushuk Deyvning xayoliy hayoti haqida Mushuklar ochilish kechasida. Bosh rollarda Jerar Makkarti Deyv kabi va xoreografiya bilan Arlene Fillips, musiqiy premyerasi 2014 yilda bo'lib o'tgan Edinburg fringe festivali;^[349] deb nomlangan West End debyutidan oldin u turli mintaqaviy maydonlarda ijro etdi Elchilar teatri 2017 yil aprel oyida.^[350] Katdashianlar! Musiqani sindiring!, parodiya mashup Kardashianlardan xabardor bo'lish va Mushuklar Bob va Tobly McSmith tomonidan 2016 yil iyun oyida Elektra teatrida Off-Broadway premyerasi.^[351] Ning barcha qo'shiq parodiyalari Mushuklar ayblovlaridan keyin olib tashlandi mualliflik huquqining buzilishi qo'shiqlar "boshqa mavzuni butunlay parodiya qilish uchun" ishlatilgan deb da'vo qilgan Lloyd Uebberning vakillaridan.^[352] Boshqa sahna bu satirikani namoyish etadi Mushuklar o'z ichiga oladi Olti daraja ajratish,^[347] Amerikadagi farishtalar,^[296] va Musiqiy musiqa (Musiqali!).^[353]

Madam Tusso Nyu-York Xususiyatlari mumi raqamlari musiqiy asaridagi bir nechta personajlar, shu jumladan Grizabellaning biri yordamida "Xotira" ni kuylaydi proektsion xaritalash texnologiya.^[354] Xuddi shunday, Rumpleteazer-ning mumi tasviri Panoptikum Germaniyaning Gamburg shahridagi mum muzeyi.^[355]

A Mushuklar pochta markasi tomonidan chiqarilgan Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlarining pochta xizmati 2000 yilda uning bir qismi sifatida Asrni nishonlang seriyali. Musiqiy 1980-yillardan beri o'z markasi dizayni bilan yodga olinadigan o'n besh "taniqli asarlar, tadbirlar va tadbirlar" dan biri sifatida tanlangan.^[356] 2019 yil mart oyidan boshlab Rinkai liniyasi Yaponiyaning Tokio shahrida musiqiy qo'shiq uchun ikkita qo'shiqdan foydalanadi poezdning jo'shqin musiqalari da Achiimachi stantsiyasi; poezdga Asaki stantsiyasi "Xotira" jingalasidan foydalanadi, poezd esa Shin-Kiba stantsiyasi "Skimbleshanks: temir yo'l mushuki" jingalasidan foydalanadi.^[357]

Yozuvlar va musiqiy video

Yozuvlar

Musiqiy video

Qayta ko'rib chiqilgan va kesilgan material

Ning sahnada ishlab chiqarilishi Mushuklar Londonda ochilganidan beri bir necha bor qayta ko'rib chiqilgan. Shou Broadway-ga o'tgach, amerikalik tomoshabinlarga ko'proq murojaat qilish niyatida bir nechta qisqartirishlar va qayta yozishlar qilingan.^[392] Bundan tashqari, dastlabki rivojlanish jarayonida "Mushuk Morgan o'zini tanishtiradi" deb nomlangan qo'shiq kesilgan. Lloyd Uebber ushbu qo'shiqni shouda 6138-chi Broadway chiqishida ijro etdi, u Brodveyning eng uzoq davom etgan shousi bo'lib rekord o'rnatdi.^[106]

"Growltigerning so'nggi o'rni"

"Growltigerning so'nggi stendi" ketma-ketligi shou tarixi davomida bir necha bor o'zgartirilgan. Londonning asl nusxasida Growltiger va Griddlebone uchun "so'nggi duet" Eliotning nashr etilmagan "Bally M'Cawu Balladasi" she'ri uchun sozlama bo'ldi. Broadway-ning asl nusxasi uchun Ballad o'rniga "In Una Tepida Notte", italyan operasiga parodiya va boshqalar qo'shildi. slapstick hazil.^[96][393] Ushbu yangi versiya oxir-oqibat boshqa barcha ishlab chiqarishlarga kiritildi Mushuklar.^[96]

"Growltigerning so'nggi o'rni" irqiy tajovuzkor deb tanqid qilindi. To'g'ridan-to'g'ri unga asoslangan Eliot she'ridan olingan asl qo'shiqlar etnik shafqatsizlikni o'z ichiga olgan "Chinklar "va keyinchalik bu so'z" bilan almashtirildiSiyam ".^[31] Bu raqam, shuningdek, dastlab siyam mushuklarini tasvirlash uchun "osiyolik aksanlar" ni namoyish etishni o'z ichiga olgan.^[308]1998 yilgi video-versiyada Growltiger ishtirokidagi barcha sahna kesilgan.^[394] 2016 yilga kelib "Growltigerning so'nggi stendi" AQSh va Buyuk Britaniyaning shou prodyuserlaridan butunlay olib tashlandi.^[31]

Mungojerrie va Rumpleteazer

Londonning asl nusxasida Mungojerrie va Rumpleteazer o'zlariga xos belgilar bo'lib, o'zlarining nomli qo'shig'ini o'zlari ashula tarzidagi duet sifatida kuylashdi. Shou Broadwayga ko'chirilgach, qo'shiq uchinchi shaxsda ijro etildi, Mungojerrie va Rumpleteazer qo'g'irchoqlar sifatida janob Mistoffelees tomonidan sehrli nazorat ostida edi. Ularning soni tezroq va ko'tarinki bo'lib, bir-birining o'rnini bosgan holda qayta yozilgan vedvil - uslubiy oyatlar va "manik patter "bo'lim. Oxir-oqibat, qo'shiqning Broadway versiyasi Mungojerrie va Rumpleteazerga yana bir bor o'zlarining qo'shiqlarini to'liq belgilar sifatida kuylashlariga imkon berish uchun qayta yozildi.^[395]

Rum Tum Tugger

2014 yilgi London uyg'onishi namoyishga bir nechta zamonaviylashtirishlarni kiritdi. Rum Tum Tugger xonimlar rok-yulduzidan a-ga qayta ishlangan breykdans ko'cha mushuki. Uning nomidagi musiqiy raqami ham rap.^[396][397] 2015 yilgi Avstraliya safari va 2015 yilgi Parijdagi ishlab chiqarish, shuningdek, ushbu belgining yangi versiyasidan foydalangan; ammo, 2016 Broadway uyg'onishi qilmadi.

Xoreografiya

2016 yil Broadway uyg'onishi tomonidan yangi xoreografiya namoyish etildi Andy Blankenbuehler, kim ko'proq tanishtirdi Hip Hop va salqin jazz harakatlar va raqslar uchun elementlar.^[55] Blankenbuehlerning ansambl raqamlari uchun xoreografiyasi Laynning asl nusxasidan unchalik farq qilmadi, biroq bir nechta yakkaxon raqamlarda, shu jumladan "The Rum Tum Tugger" va "Mr. Mistoffelees" da sezilarli o'zgarishlar yuz berdi.^[308]

Adabiyotlar