Roy Mur - Roy Moore

Roy Mur
Roy Mur 2011 yilda
27 va 31-chi Bosh sudya ning Alabama Oliy sudi
Ofisda 2013 yil 15 yanvar - 2017 yil 26 aprel To'xtatib qo'yilgan: 2016 yil 6 may - 2017 yil 26 aprel
Oldingi	Chak Malone
Muvaffaqiyatli	Lin Styuart
Ofisda 2001 yil 15 yanvar - 2003 yil 13 noyabr
Oldingi	Perry O. Hooper Sr.
Muvaffaqiyatli	Gorman Xyuston (aktyorlik)
Uchrashuv hakami Alabama shtatining o'n oltinchi davra sudi
Ofisda 1992 yil 6 noyabr - 2000 yil 7 noyabr
Tomonidan tayinlangan	H. Gay Xant
Oldingi	Julius Swann
Muvaffaqiyatli	Uilyam Millican
Shaxsiy ma'lumotlar
Tug'ilgan	Roy Styuart Mur (1947-02-11) 1947 yil 11-fevral (73 yosh) Gadsden, Alabama, BIZ.
Siyosiy partiya	Respublika (1992 yildan hozirgacha)
Boshqa siyosiy bog'liqliklar	Demokratik (1992 yilgacha)
Turmush o'rtoqlar	Kayla Kisor ​ (m. 1985)​
Bolalar	4
Ta'lim	Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari harbiy akademiyasi (BS ) Alabama universiteti (JD )
Imzo
Veb-sayt	Aksiya veb-sayti
Harbiy xizmat
Sadoqat	Qo'shma Shtatlar
Filial / xizmat	Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari armiyasi
Xizmat qilgan yillari	1969–1974
Rank	Kapitan
Birlik	504-harbiy politsiya batalyoni
Janglar / urushlar	Vetnam urushi

Roy Styuart Mur (1947 yil 11 fevralda tug'ilgan) - amerikalik siyosatchi, sudning 27 va 31-chi bosh sudyasi bo'lib ishlagan Alabama Oliy sudi va har safar Alabama Adliya sudi tomonidan suddagi noto'g'ri xatti-harakatlar uchun ushbu idoradan chiqarildi. U edi Respublika 2017 yilda nomzod Alabamada Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Senatining maxsus saylovlari tomonidan bo'shatilgan joyni to'ldirish uchun Jeff Sessions, lekin yutqazdi Demokratik nomzod Dag Jons.^[1][2] Mur muvaffaqiyatsiz yugurdi Qo'shma Shtatlar Senati 2020 yilda.^[3]

Mur ishtirok etdi G'arbiy nuqta tarkibida rota komandiri bo'lib xizmat qilgan Harbiy politsiya korpusi davomida Vetnam urushi. Ni tugatgandan so'ng Alabama universiteti yuridik fakulteti, u qo'shildi Etovax okrugi bo'lib xizmat qiladigan tuman prokuraturasi tuman prokurori yordamchisi 1977 yildan 1982 yilgacha. 1992 yilda u viloyat hokimi tomonidan tuman sudyasi etib tayinlandi Gay Hunt vakansiyani to'ldirish uchun va keyingi muddatga lavozimga saylangan. 2001 yilda Mur sudning bosh sudyasi lavozimiga saylandi Alabama Oliy sudi. Mur 2003 yil noyabrida lavozimidan chetlashtirildi Alabama sud sudi rad etgani uchun a federal sud marmar yodgorligini olib tashlash to'g'risidagi buyruq O'n amr u rotunda joylashtirgan Alabama sud binosi.

Mur izladi Respublika nominatsiyasi hokimiyat Alabama shtati 2006 va 2010, ammo dastlabki saylovlarda yutqazdi. Mur yana 2013 yilda bosh sudya etib saylandi, ammo u 2016 yil may oyida AQSh Oliy sudining qaroriga bo'ysunmagani uchun to'xtatib qo'yildi bir jinsli nikoh. Mur 2017 yil aprel oyida iste'foga chiqdi.^[4][5] 2017 yil 26 sentyabrda u Jeff Seshns tomonidan bo'shatilgan AQSh Senatidagi o'rin uchun maxsus saylovlarda Respublikachilar partiyasidan nomzod bo'lish uchun birlamchi bosqichda g'olib chiqdi.^[6]

2017 yil noyabr oyida, uning paytida maxsus saylov kampaniyasi AQSh senati uchun bir nechta Murga qarshi jinsiy buzuqlik to'g'risida jamoatchilik da'volari e'lon qilindi.^[7] Uch ayol u borligini aytdi jinsiy tajovuz ular 14, 16 va 28 yoshga to'lganlarida.^[7][8] Mur 30 yoshida o'spirinlarga murojaat qilgani va ular bilan uchrashgan bo'lishi mumkinligini tan oldi, ammo qizlarning birortasi voyaga etmaganligini yoki birovga jinsiy tajovuz qilganligini rad etdi.^[9][10] Prezident Donald Tramp Murni saylovdan bir hafta oldin tasdiqladi,^[11] shundan so'ng ba'zi respublikachilar Murga qarshi chiqishlarini qaytarib olishdi. Demokrat Dag Jons saylovlarda g'alaba qozondi va 1992 yildan beri Alabamada AQSh Senatidan o'rin olgan birinchi demokrat bo'ldi.^[12]

Mur advokat hisoblanadi o'ta o'ng siyosat.^[13][14][15] U milliy ommaviy axborot vositalarining e'tiborini va uning nuqtai nazari bo'yicha tortishuvlarni jalb qildi poyga, gomoseksualizm, transgender odamlar va Islom, uning ishonchi Nasroniylik davlat siyosatiga buyurtma berishlari kerak,^[16][17] va uning oldingi aloqalari neo-Konfederatlar va oq millatchi guruhlar.^{[18][19][20][21][22]} Mur eng yaxshi ovoz edi bir-birining harakatlanishi, bu prezidentning soxta da'vosini ilgari surdi Barak Obama Qo'shma Shtatlarda tug'ilgan emas. Ushbu harakat Obama da'vosidan oldin, paytida va undan keyin da'voni ilgari surdi.^[23][24] U asos solgan Axloq huquqi uchun asos, notijorat yuridik tashkilot, undan besh yil ichida 1 million dollardan ko'proq pul yig'di. Soliq hujjatlarida tashkilot Murga juda kam miqdordagi ish haqini ko'rsatdi.^[25]

Hayotning boshlang'ich davri

Ushbu maqola qismidir bir qator kuni
Konservatizm AQSH
Maktablar Shafqatli Moliyaviy Birlashma Ozodlik Harakat Milliy Neo Paleo Ijtimoiy An'anaviy
Printsiplar Amerika eksklyuzivligi Klassik liberalizm Oilaviy qadriyatlar Erkin bozor Erkin savdo Yahudo-nasroniy qadriyatlari Cheklangan hukumat Axloqiy absolutizm Tabiiy huquq Protektsionizm Respublikachilik Qonun ustuvorligi An'ana
Tarix Burbon demokrat Konservativ koalitsiya Konservativ demokrat Konservativ manifest Sodiqlar Zamonaviy xronologiya Yangi huquq Eski o'ng Umumiy nuqtai Rokfeller respublikachi Janubiy agrarchilar
Odamlar Abrams Ailes Alito Armey Ashkroft Suv Baxman Bannon Barr Bek Benson Bork Bredford Breitbart Byukenen Kichik Bakli. Burnxem H. V. Bush V. Bush Karlson Palatalar Cheyni Klivlend Koburn Kolson Kulidj Coulter Kruz DeMint Dirksen Dobson Dolan Dole D'Souza Dalles (Allen) Dulz (Jon Foster) Eyzenxauer Erikson Falwell Kichik Falwell Feulner Forbes Ford Frensis Fridman Frum Gingrich Gotfrid Goldberg Oltin suv Grem Grant Xeyg Hannity Lyuk Harding Helms Horowitz Xakkabi Yaffa Jeffress Kemp Keys Qirol Kirk Kirkpatrik Kissincer Knowland Koch (Charlz) Koch (Devid) Krauthammer Kristol Laffer Leo Levin Limbaugh Turar joy Lott Luce Makkeyn Makkarti Makkonnell McDonald Makkinli Meva Meyer Mises Nikson Shimoliy Novak O'Rayli Palin Pol (Rand) Pol (Ron) Peale Pens Perot Fillips Podhoretz Rand Reygan Romni Rove Santorum Skaliya Shif Shlafli Shlezinger Sessiyalar Shapiro Sobran Juda yaxshi Strauss Taft (Robert A.) Taft (Uilyam Xovard) Tomas Tramp Tirrel Viguerie Ueyn To'quvchi Welch Jr. Veyrix Iroda Uilyams Volfovits
Tomonlar Amerika partiyasi Amerika mustaqil partiyasi (zamonaviy) Nyu-York shtatining konservativ partiyasi Konstitutsiya partiyasi Demokratik partiya (dastlabki guruhlar) Demokratik-respublika partiyasi (elementlar) Federalistlar partiyasi Ozodlik partiyasi Mahalliy Amerika partiyasi Taqiqlash partiyasi Islohot partiyasi Respublika partiyasi
Fikrlash markazlari Acton instituti Aleksis de Tokvil instituti Amerika Enterprise Institute Immigratsiyani o'rganish markazi Xavfsizlik siyosati markazi Milliy manfaatlar markazi Charlz Koch instituti Klaremont instituti Raqobatbardosh korxonalar instituti David Horowitz Ozodlik Markazi Discovery Institute Axloq va jamoat siyosati markazi Oila tadqiqot instituti Gatestone instituti Heartland instituti Heritage Foundation Hoover instituti Hudson instituti Kollejlararo tadqiqotlar instituti Konstitutsiya instituti Manxetten instituti Mises instituti Tinch okeani tadqiqot instituti Yangi Amerika asriga mo'ljallangan loyiha Ripon jamiyati R Street instituti Rokford instituti Davlat siyosati tarmog'i Soliq jamg'armasi
Boshqa tashkilotlar ACT! Amerika uchun Ozodlikni himoya qiluvchi ittifoq Amerika huquq va adolat markazi Amerika Oila Assotsiatsiyasi Amerika Ozodlik Ligasi Amerikaliklar soliq islohoti uchun Arlington guruhi Kalsedon fondi Amerikaning xristian koalitsiyasi Xristian ovozi O'sish uchun klub Amerikadan xavotirga tushgan ayollar ConservAmerica Konservativ guruh Konservativ fuqarolar kengashi Milliy siyosat bo'yicha kengash Burgut forumi E'tiqod va ozodlik koalitsiyasi Oila tadqiqotlari kengashi Federalistlar jamiyati Amerika immigratsiya islohoti federatsiyasi Do'stlik Oilangizga e'tiboringizni qarating Ta'lim sohasidagi individual huquqlar jamg'armasi Axloq huquqi uchun asos Ozodlik guruhi Ozodlik Hamkorlari FreedomWorks Amerikaning qurol egalari Mustaqil ayollar forumi Jon Birch Jamiyati Jon M. Olin jamg'armasi Sud kuzatuvi Etakchilik instituti Ozodlik bo'yicha maslahat Ozodlik lobbi Kirish kabinasi respublikachilar Media tadqiqot markazi Axloqiy ko'pchilik Milliy konservativ PAC Milliy mustaqil biznes federatsiyasi Nikoh uchun milliy tashkilot Milliy miltiq uyushmasi Milliy yashash huquqi qo'mitasi Milliy soliq to'lovchilar ittifoqi AQSh raqamlari Qasamyod qiluvchilar Tinch okeani Adliya instituti Filadelfiya jamiyati Regnery Publishing Respublika asosiy ko'cha sherikligi Respublika o'quv qo'mitasi Ikkinchi tuzatishlar guruhi Syuzan B. Entoni ro'yxati Choy partiyasining vatanparvarlari Tomas ko'proq huquq markazi Turning Point AQSh An'anaviy qadriyatlar koalitsiyasi Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Savdo palatasi Yosh Amerika jamg'armasi Ozodlik uchun yosh amerikaliklar G'arb tsivilizatsiyasi uchun yoshlar
OAV Amerika ishlari Amerika konservatori Amerikalik tomoshabin Amerika Uyg'onish davri Amerika mutafakkiri Katta Liga Siyosati Blaze Media Breitbart yangiliklari Talabalar shaharchasini isloh qilish Chicago Tribune CBN Shahar jurnali Claremont Books of Review CNSNews.com Sharh Konservativ sharh Solnomalar Kundalik qo'ng'iroq qiluvchi Kundalik signal Kundalik sim Dallas ertalabki yangiliklari Drudge hisoboti Federalist Birinchi narsalar Fox Business Fox News FrontPage jurnali Old verand respublikasi Gateway Pundit Issiq havo Inson voqealari i24 yangiliklari Mustaqil jurnal sharhi InfoWars Jewish World Review Jihod soatlari Las-Vegas Review-Journal LifeSiteNews LifeZette Zamonaviy asr Milliy ishlar Milliy qiziqish Milliy sharh Yangi Amerika Yangi mezon NewsBusters Newsmax Nyu-York kuzatuvchisi Nyu-York Post One America News Network PanAm Post Siyosatni ko'rib chiqish Quvvat liniyasi PragerU PJ Media Noyob Haqiqiy yangiliklar yangilanishi RedState RSBN Sinclair Broadcast Group Tomoshabin AQSh Diqqat markazida Taki jurnali Hokimiyat TruthRevolt Twitchy VDARE The Wall Street Journal Washington Examiner Washington Free Beacon Washington Times Haftalik standart G'arb jurnali WorldNetDaily
Variantlar va harakatlar Osiyo va Tinch okeani orollari konservatizmi Qora konservatizm Xristianlarning huquqi Konservativ demokratlar Ayollar konservatizmi Yashil konservatizm LGBT konservatizmi Ozodlik respublikachilari Vatanparvarlik harakati Radikal huquq O'ng libertarizm Choy partiyasi harakati
Shuningdek qarang Muqobil axborot vositalari Amerika millatchiligi Bibliografiya Ozodlik Ro'yxat Taniqli odamlar Siyosiy partiyalar
Konservatizm portali

Ta'lim va harbiy xizmat

Mur tug'ilgan Gadsden, Alabama, joy Etovax okrugi, qurilish ishchisi, 1967 yilda vafot etgan Roy Baxter Mur va sobiq Evelin Styuartga. Uning ota-onasi xizmat qilgan otasidan keyin uchrashgan va turmush qurgan Ikkinchi jahon urushi, dan ozod qilindi Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari armiyasi. Mur besh farzandning eng kattasi edi. Voyaga etganida uning ikkita akasi va ikkita singlisi bor edi.^[26]

1954 yilda Murlar boshqa joyga ko'chib ketishdi Xyuston, Texas, urushdan keyingi qurilish portlashi joyi. Taxminan to'rt yil o'tgach, ular Alabamaga qaytib, keyin ko'chib ketishdi Pensilvaniya va keyin doimiy ravishda Alabamaga qaytib keldi. Murning otasi bu tashkilotda ishlagan Tennessi vodiysi boshqarmasi, birinchi bino to'g'onlar va keyinroq Anniston Armiya ombori. Mur o'rta maktabning birinchi yilida qatnashgan Gallant Gadsden yaqinida va Etovax okrugiga ko'chib o'tdi O'rta maktab oxirgi uch yil davomida, 1965 yilda bitirgan.^[26]

Mur qabul qilindi Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari harbiy akademiyasi da West Point, Nyu-York, chiquvchi tavsiyasiga binoan Demokratik AQSh vakili Albert Rains va kelayotgan respublika vakili ushbu nominatsiyani tasdiqlaganidan keyin Jeyms D. Martin Gadsden. 1969 yilda a fanlar bo'yicha bakalavr daraja. Bilan Vetnam urushi davom etmoqda, Mur bir necha lavozimda harbiy politsiya xodimi bo'lib xizmat qilgan, shu jumladan Fort Benning, Jorjiya va Illesheim, Germaniya ga joylashtirilishidan oldin Vetnam Respublikasi. 504-harbiy politsiya batalyonining 188-harbiy politsiya kompaniyasining qo'mondoni sifatida xizmat qilib,^[27] Mur beparvo, ammo juda qattiqqo'l deb qabul qilindi. Rasmiy mashg'ulotlarga qaramay, bunday xatti-harakatlarga xalaqit beradigan dushmanlar nishonga olish uchun zobitni aniqlashi mumkinligiga qaramay, u o'z qo'shinlarini jang maydonida unga salom berishni talab qildi.^[28] Uning ba'zi askarlari intizomga bo'lgan munosabati tufayli unga "Kapitan Amerika" nomini kamsituvchi laqab qo'yishdi. Bu rol unga dushmanlar orttirdi va o'z tarjimai holida u a dan saqlanish uchun qum xaltalarida uxlashni esladi granata yoki ko'plab odamlari unga tahdid qilganidek, uning karyolası ostiga bomba tashlangan parchalanish.^[26]

Mur kasalxonadan chiqarildi Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari armiyasi kabi kapitan 1974 yilda va qabul qilindi Alabama universiteti yuridik fakulteti o'sha yili. Professor-o'qituvchilar va talaba-talabalar uni chuqur tahlil qilishga qodir emasligi sababli uni hurmat qilishdi.^[28] U 1977 yilda a Yuris doktori daraja va Gadsdenga shaxsiy jarohatlar va sug'urta holatlariga bag'ishlangan shaxsiy amaliyotni boshlash uchun qaytib keldi.

Saylovlar va sayohatlar

Tez orada Mur tuman prokuraturasiga ko'chib o'tdi va Etovax okrugidagi birinchi doimiy prokuror bo'lib ishladi. Mur u erda ishlagan paytida, shtat sudi tomonidan a katta hakamlar hay'ati mablag 'etishmovchiligi deb hisoblaganini tekshirish sherif ofis. Bir necha hafta o'tgach, shtat advokatlari tomonidan olib borilgan tergov asossiz deb topilmagandan so'ng, Mur o'zining prokuratura lavozimidan 1982 yilda okrugning tuman sudi sudyasi lavozimiga nomzod sifatida qatnashish uchun ketgan. Mur saylovlar to'lovlar evaziga ishlarning kechiktirilayotganini da'vo qilgan holda saylovlar keskin o'tdi. . Ayblovlar hech qachon isbotlanmagan. Mur Demokratik partiyaning ikkinchi bosqichida asosiy advokat Donald Styuartga ko'p yutqazdi, uni Mur "men uni juda hurmat qiladigan, oxir-oqibat yaqin do'stim bo'lgan hurmatli odam" deb ta'riflagan.^[26] Murga qarshi ikkinchi bar shikoyati kelib tushdi, u asossiz deb rad etildi. Ko'p o'tmay Mur Gadsdenni tark etib, Avstraliyada bir yil yashadi.^[29][30]

Avstraliyada Mur bir mamlakat keyinchalik Vetnamdagi xizmatidan keyin tashrif buyurishni xohlaganini aytdi, ammo o'sha paytda bunga qodir emas edi, u Kvinslend. Shtat poytaxtidan, Brisben, avval u bordi Ayr va shakarqamish yig'im-terim ishlarida yordam berib, keyin ichki hududga hozirgacha Markaziy tog 'mintaqasi, bu erda u uzoq vaqtdan beri ko'rish istagini bajardi Outback, oxir-oqibat yaqin Telemon fermasida ishlagan Buloq, ko'plab aholisi dindor nasroniylar bo'lgan shahar. Ulardan biri, Rolfe oilasi, Telemonni boshqargan va Mur bilan yaxshi munosabatda bo'lgan Guardian 2017 yilda "Men u hech qachon o'z hayotida bunday qo'l mehnati bilan shug'ullanmagan deb o'ylayman", dedi Murni qabul qilgan Kolin Rolfning qizi Isla Tyorner, "lekin u bunga suvdek o'rdakday tushdi. ".^[31]

Mur 1985 yilda Gadsdenga qaytib keldi va o'sha paytda Kayla Kisorga uylandi. U 1986 yilda Etovax okrugining tuman prokurori lavozimiga boshqa demokrat demokrat Jimmi Xedjspetga qarshi kurashgan. Mur yana bir bor yutqazib, shahardagi xususiy amaliyotga qaytdi. 1992 yilda Mur o'z a'zoligini Respublika partiyasi.

Sud faoliyati

Davra sudyasi (1992–2000)

Uchrashuv

1992 yilda Etovax okrugi sudyasi Julius Svan lavozimida vafot etdi. Respublika hokim H. Gay Xant keyingi saylovgacha uchrashuv belgilashda ayblangan. Murning ismi uning ba'zi sheriklari tomonidan ilgari surilgan va bir nechta shtat va okrug agentliklari, shu jumladan Etovax okrugi okrugi prokuraturasi bilan tekshiruv boshlangan. Murning sobiq siyosiy raqibi, hanuzgacha D.A.ning idorasini boshqargan Jimmi Xedjspet Murni shaxsiy rezervasyonlariga qaramay tavsiya qilgan va Mur u 1982 yilda g'alaba qozona olmagan joyga o'rnatilgandi.^[32] Mur 1994 yil Etovax okrugidagi saylovlarda respublikachi sifatida qatnashgan va 62 foiz ovoz bilan tuman sudyasi lavozimiga saylangan (6 yillik muddat). O'shandan beri u g'alaba qozongan tuman miqyosidagi birinchi respublikachi bo'ldi Qayta qurish.

Erta ibodat / O'n Amrning ziddiyati

Mur tuman sudyasi bo'lganida, sud zalining devoriga o'z dastgohi orqasida uyda qurilgan yog'ochdan yasalgan "O'nta amr" yorlig'ini osib qo'ydi.^[33] Mur aytdi Montgomery Advertiser uning lavhani osib qo'yishdan niyati sud zali devorlaridagi bo'sh joyni to'ldirish va o'nta amrning ahamiyatini ko'rsatish edi. Uning ta'kidlashicha, u qarama-qarshiliklarni keltirib chiqarish niyatida emas. U aytdi Atlantika u tortishuvlar potentsialini tushunganligini, ammo "men qonunimizning axloqiy asoslarini o'rnatmoqchi edim."^[34]

Mur tayinlanganidan ko'p o'tmay qotillik ishiga raislik qilganida, sudlanuvchining advokati lavhaga qarshi chiqdi. Bu tanqidchilar e'tiborini tortdi, ular Murning sud majlislarini a bilan ochish amaliyotiga ham qarshi chiqdilar ibodat munozaralarda hakamlar hay'ati uchun ilohiy ko'rsatma so'rash. Hech bo'lmaganda bitta holatda, Mur ruhoniydan sud hay'atining hovuziga ibodat qilishni so'radi. Ning mahalliy bo'limi Amerika fuqarolik erkinliklari ittifoqi (ACLU) 1993 yil iyun oyida xat yubordi, agar bunday ibodatlar to'xtamasa, sud ishi bilan tahdid qildi.^[32]

1994 yil 20 iyunda ACLU sessiya oldidagi namozni kuzatish va yozib olish uchun Murni sud zaliga o'z vakilini yubordi. Garchi tashkilot zudlik bilan da'vo arizasini topshirmagan bo'lsa-da, Mur suddan keyingi matbuot anjumanida bu harakatni "qo'rqitish harakati" sifatida rad etdi. Ushbu voqea Mur o'zining tuman sudida o'tiradigan joyni ushlab turish uchun tashviqot olib borayotganda qo'shimcha e'tiborni tortdi. O'sha yilgi saylovda Mur a katta g'alaba "Ipak va atlas" qotilligi ishini muvaffaqiyatsiz sudga bergan advokat Kit Pitts ustidan.^[35]

Sud jarayoni

1995 yil mart oyida ACLU Murga qarshi sudga da'vo arizasi bilan sudga qadar o'tkazilgan ibodatlar va O'n Amrning namoyishi ikkalasi ham konstitutsiyaga zid ekanligini ta'kidladi. Ushbu dastlabki sud jarayoni oxir-oqibat texnik sabablarga ko'ra bekor qilindi, ammo Gubernator Fob Jeyms davlat bosh prokuroriga ko'rsatma berdi Bill Prayor da'vo qilish Montgomeri okrugi Murni qo'llab-quvvatlash uchun. Bu ish shtat tuman sudyasi Charlz Prays oldida ko'rib chiqildi, u 1996 yilda namozni konstitutsiyaga zid deb e'lon qildi, lekin dastlab o'nta amr yorlig'i sud zalida qolishiga yo'l qo'ydi.^[36]

Ushbu qaror chiqarilgandan so'ng darhol Mur matbuot anjumani o'tkazib, sessiya oldidagi namozga qarshi hukmni rad etishga va lavhani ko'rsatishda diniy niyatni tasdiqladi. Tanqidchilar bunga javoban Praysdan avvalgi qarorini qayta ko'rib chiqishni so'rashdi va sudya yangi qaror chiqarib, o'n kun ichida o'nta amr plaketini olib tashlashni talab qildi. Mur Narxning qaroridan shikoyat qildi va lavhani ushlab turdi; o'n kun o'tgach, Alabama Oliy sudi sud qaroriga qarshi vaqtincha turar joy berdi. Sud bu ishni hech qachon 1998 yilda texnik sabablarga ko'ra tashqariga chiqarib tashlagan.^[32]

Alabama Oliy sudining bosh sudyasi (2001–2003 va 2012–2017)

Saylovoldi tashviqoti va saylov

1999 yil oxirida Amerika Oila Assotsiatsiyasi Mur Respublikani amaldagi respublikachi bo'lgan paytda, Alabama Oliy sudi bosh sudyasi uchun kurashga jalb qilish uchun ish boshladi Perri O. Xuper, Sr., ning Montgomeri qayta saylanishga intilmasligini e'lon qildi. Mur shtat miqyosidagi poygada qatnashishga ikkilanayotganini aytdi, chunki u "mutlaqo mablag 'yo'q" va yana uchta nomzod, xususan Associate Justice sudi Garold Qarang, yaxshi moliyalashtirildi.^[26]

Shunga qaramay, 1999 yil 7-dekabrda Mur o'zining Etovax okrugidagi sud zalidan "Xudo bizning jamoat hayotimizga qaytishi va qonunimizning axloqiy poydevorini tiklashi" ni qaytarish umidida poyga borishini e'lon qildi. Uning tashviqoti diniy masalalarga bag'ishlangan bo'lib, xristianlikning kamayib borayotgan ta'siri "maktabdagi zo'ravonlik, gomoseksualizm va jinoyatchilikka bevosita to'g'ri keladi".^[32]

Shtat respublika nominatsiyasida g'olib bo'lish uchun juda yoqqan edi, chunki uning shtat ishbilarmon doiralari va partiya ierarxiyasi, shu jumladan, bosh sudya Xuper tomonidan qo'llab-quvvatlangani. Biroq, Mur shtat so'rovlarida muvaffaqiyatga erishganida, See respublikachilar yordamini oldi strategist Karl Rove, Texas gubernatorining maslahatchisi va kelajak Prezident Jorj V.Bush. Rove-ning ko'magi va kampaniyani sezilarli darajada ko'proq moliyalashtirishiga qaramay, See yo'qotdi birlamchi Murga. Sudya Mur yana ikkita raqibini, jinoiy ishlar bo'yicha sudya Pam Baschabni va Jefferson okrugining raislik sudyasi Ueyn Tornni respublika boshlang'ich partiyasida ikkinchi bosqichsiz mag'lubiyatga uchratib, shtat bo'ylab o'tkazilgan asosiy ovozlarning 50% dan ortig'ini qo'lga kiritdi. Keyinchalik sudya Mur Demokratik da'vogar Sharon Yeytsni noyabr oyida bo'lib o'tgan umumiy saylovda 60 foizdan ortiq ovoz bilan osonlikcha mag'lub etdi.

Mur 2001 yil 15 yanvarda sud boshlig'i sifatida qasamyod qildi. AQShning sobiq vakili Jeyms D. Martin, bundan bir necha yil oldin Murni West Point-ga tayinlagan, tashrif buyurgan hurmatli odamlar qatorida edi. Mur bu lavozimni egallab turib, "ning asl ma'nosini anglaganini" aytdi Birinchi o'zgartirish va uning qasam ichgan Xudoga bo'lgan munosabati. Mening ongim bizning davlatimizda va millatimizda ro'y berayotgan Xudo va qonun o'rtasidagi munosabatlar haqidagi bilimlarni asta-sekin yo'q qiladigan ma'naviy urushga ochilgan edi. "

Men nafaqat AQSh konstitutsiyasini, balki unda ko'zda tutilgan Alabama konstitutsiyasini ham qo'llab-quvvatlashga va'da berdim preambula davlat "qudratli Xudoning marhamati va hidoyatini so'rab" adolatni o'rnatdi. Xudo bilan qonunimiz o'rtasidagi aloqani aniqroq aniqlab bo'lmaydi ...^[26]

O'n amr yodgorligi bilan bog'liq tortishuvlar

Rotondagi o'nta amr yodgorligi Heflin-Torbert sud binosi, 2001 yilda qurilgan

Qurilish va o'rnatish

Saylanganidan bir oy o'tgach, Mur o'n amrga bag'ishlangan katta yodgorlik uchun rejalar tuzishga kirishdi Heflin-Torbert sud binosi yog'och blyashka emas, balki ulug'roq narsani talab qildi. Uning yakuniy dizayni 5,280 funt (2,390 kg) ni tashkil etdi. granit blok, kengligi 0,91 m, uch fut chuqurligi va balandligi 1,2 m (balandligi 1,2 m), tirnoqlari bilan qoplangan Mustaqillik deklaratsiyasi, davlat madhiyasi va bir necha asoschilar otalari.^[37] Toj kiydirish elementi o'nta amr bilan yozilgan ikkita katta o'ymakor lavha bo'ladi. Dan yuqori sifatli granit Vermont buyurtma berildi va jo'natildi va Mur ishni bajarish uchun xayrixoh va haykaltarosh topdi.^{[iqtibos kerak ]} Murning xatti-harakatlari sakkizta sherik sudyalarning roziligi va bilimisiz amalga oshirildi.^[38][39]

2001 yil 31 iyul kuni kechqurun Mur tugallangan yodgorlikni binoga ko'chirib, rotunda o'rnatdi. Ushbu tadbirning videokassetalari tomonidan sotilgan Coral Ridge vazirliklari, evangelist ommaviy axborot vositasi Fort-Loderdeyl, Florida keyinchalik bu lentalarni sotishdan tushgan mablag'ni Murning keyingi yuridik xarajatlarini qoplash uchun ishlatgan.^[40][41]

Ertasi kuni ertalab Mur rotondada yodgorlikni ommaviy ravishda ochish uchun matbuot anjumani o'tkazdi. Mur ochilish marosimidan so'ng qilgan nutqida: "Bugun bizning yurtimiz bo'ylab ushbu millat va qonunlarimiz asos solgan Xudoni tan olish uchun faryod yangradi ... Bu kun qonunning axloqiy poydevori tiklangan kun bo'lsin. bizning xalqimizga va bizning yurtimizda Xudo haqidagi bilimga qaytish. "^[42]

Federal sud jarayoni

2001 yil 30 oktyabrda Alabama ACLU, Cherkov va davlatni ajratish uchun amerikaliklar birlashgan va Janubiy qashshoqlik huquqi markazi guruhlar orasida edi da'vo arizasi ichida Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari okrug sudi Alabama O'rta okrugi uchun, yodgorlikni olib tashlashni so'rab, chunki "kirganlarning barchasiga xabar yuboradi Heflin-Torbert sud binosi hukumat umuman diniy amaliyotni rag'batlantirishi va qo'llab-quvvatlashi va Yahudo-nasroniylik jumladan".^[43]

Bu sarlovhasi Sud jarayoni Glassroth va Mur da'vogarlar uchun turli xil diniy e'tiqoddagi advokatlar o'zlarining ish uslublarini o'zgartirganliklari, shu jumladan yodgorlik yonidan o'tib ketmaslik uchun sud binosiga tashrif buyurishdan muntazam ravishda voz kechganliklari va yodgorlik diniy muhit yaratganligi to'g'risidagi guvohliklar keltirilgan. ko'p odamlar ibodat qilish uchun maydonni ishlatish bilan.^[44]

Mur yodgorlikni olib tashlamasligini ta'kidladi, chunki bu uning qasamyodiga xilof bo'ladi:

[Yodgorlik] Apellyatsiya sudlari va ushbu shtatning tuman va tuman sudlari sudyalarini hamda ularning oldida turgan advokatlar a'zolarini, shuningdek [Heflin-Torbet sud binosiga] tashrif buyurgan Alabama aholisini eslatishga xizmat qiladi. Alabama Konstitutsiyasining Preambulasida haqiqat, adolatni o'rnatish uchun biz "qudratli Xudoning marhamati va ko'rsatmalariga" murojaat qilishimiz kerak.^[37]

Ushbu yozuvda Mur o'nta amr AQSh qonunchiligining "axloqiy asosi" ekanligini aytib, ushbu poydevorni tiklash uchun "avvalo barcha axloq qaysi manbalardan kelib chiqishini tan olishimiz kerakligini aytdi ... [tomonidan] tan olish [ing ] Xudoning hukmronligi. " Uning ta'kidlashicha, davlat sud idorasiga yodgorlikning qo'shilishi "xalqimizga qonunning axloqiy asoslarini tiklashning boshlanishi" va "o'z erimizda Xudo haqidagi bilimlarni qaytarish" ni belgilaydi.^[37]

Bundan tashqari, Mur yodgorlikni "Xudoning odamlar ishi ustidan hukmronligini aks ettiradi" va "Xudoning odamlar ishi ustidan hukmronligini tan olishini" ma'qullab, yodgorlikni joylashtirishga qaratilgan aniq teistik niyatini tan oldi.^[45] Biroq, Murning fikriga ko'ra, bu doktrinani buzmagan cherkov va davlatning ajralishi; keyinchalik sud raisi buni sarhisob qilganidek, Mur "bu mamlakatda cherkovda ham, davlatda ham Yahudo-nasroniy Xudosi hukmronlik qilgan va ikkalasi ham Xudoga sadoqatli", deb ta'kidladi, garchi ular o'z ishlarini alohida saqlashlari kerak edi.^[37]

Hukm va shikoyat

2002 yil 18 noyabrda AQSh federal okrug sudyasi Miron Herbert Tompson yodgorlikni buzgan deb e'lon qilgan o'z qarorini chiqardi Tashkil etish to'g'risidagi maqola ning Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Konstitutsiyasiga birinchi o'zgartirish va shuning uchun konstitutsiyaga zid edi:

Agar barcha bosh sudyalar Mur O'n Amrning tarixiy va tarbiyaviy ahamiyatini ta'kidlagan bo'lsa ... yoki ularning yaxshi fuqarolik uchun namunaviy kod sifatida ahamiyatini anglatsa ... bu sud oldida juda boshqacha ish bor edi. Ammo Bosh sudya bu bilan cheklanib qolmadi; u juda uzoqqa bordi. U hukumat binosining eng ko'zga ko'ringan joyiga ikki yarim tonnalik yodgorlikni o'rnatdi, barcha davlat soliq to'lovchilarining mablag'lari bilan boshqarildi, "Xudoning suvereniteti" ni doimiy tan olishning o'ziga xos maqsadi va samarasi bilan. Yahudo-nasroniy Xudosi, ushbu mamlakatdagi barcha fuqarolar ustidan, har bir soliq to'lovchining shaxsiy shaxsiy e'tiqodidan yoki uning etishmasligidan qat'iy nazar. Bunga binoan, Muassasa bandida yo'q deyiladi.^[37]

Sudya Tompsonning qarori bilan Mur 2003 yil 3 yanvarga qadar davlat sud binosidan yodgorlikni olib tashlashga majbur bo'ldi, ammo qoldi Mur ushbu qaror ustidan shikoyat qilganidan so'ng, 2002 yil 23 dekabrda Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Apellyatsiya sudi o'n birinchi davra bo'yicha. Ushbu apellyatsiya shikoyati 2003 yil 4 iyunda uchta sudyalar hay'ati kirishidan oldin muhokama qilindi Atlanta, Gruziya. 2003 yil 1 iyulda sud hay'ati quyi sud qarorini qo'llab-quvvatlagan holda ajrim chiqardi va "yodgorlik ikkitasini Limon"s uchta tish. Bu O'rnatish to'g'risidagi bandni buzadi. "Bundan tashqari, sud turli xil diniy urf-odatlar o'nta amrning turli xil so'zlarini belgilashini ta'kidladi, ya'ni" o'nta amrning qaysi versiyasini namoyish qilishni tanlash diniy ma'qullashni anglatishini "anglatadi.^[45]

Apellyatsiya sudining qaroriga javoban sudya Tompson 2003 yil 5 avgustda Murdan 20 avgustgacha davlat sud binosining jamoat joylaridan yodgorlikni olib qo'yishni talab qilib, o'z yashash muddatini bekor qildi.^[46]

Namoyish va yodgorliklarni olib tashlash

Alabama shtati Kapitoliy oldidagi miting, 2003 yil 16 avgust

14 avgust kuni Mur sud Tompsonning yodgorlikni olib tashlash to'g'risidagi buyrug'iga bo'ysunmaslik niyatini bildirdi. Ikki kundan keyin sud binosi oldida Mur va O'n Amr yodgorligini qo'llab-quvvatlovchi yirik mitinglar bo'lib o'tdi, unda ma'ruzachilar qatnashdi. Alan Kays, Muhtaram Jerri Falwell va Murning o'zi. O'sha kuni olomon taxminan 4000 ga etgan,^[47] Avgust oxirigacha bir necha yuzdan mingdan ortiq namoyishchilar qoldi.

Ko'chirish muddati 20 avgustda tugagan, yodgorlik binoning rotundagi joyida. Sudya Tompsonning buyrug'ida ko'rsatilganidek, Alabama shtati yodgorlik olib tashlanmaguncha kuniga 5000 dollar miqdorida jarimaga tortildi. Bunga javoban, Alabama Oliy sudining yana sakkiz a'zosi 21 avgustda aralashib, bir ovozdan Murni bekor qildi va yodgorlikni olib tashlashni buyurdi.^[48][49]

Murning aytishicha, Tompson "men uning buyrug'iga bo'ysunmasligimdan qo'rqib, boshqa davlat amaldorlariga tahdid qilib, agar men buni amalga oshirmasam, ularni yodgorlikni olib tashlashga majbur qilishga qaror qildim. Katta jarimalar bilan tahdid qilish uning bu buyruqqa bo'ysunishni majburlash usuli edi," "Mur buni buzgan deb bildi Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Konstitutsiyasiga o'n birinchi o'zgartirish.^[26]

27 avgust kuni yodgorlik sud binosidagi jamoat bo'lmagan xonaga ko'chirildi.^[50]Yodgorlik bir necha sabablarga ko'ra binodan zudlik bilan olib tashlanmadi - yuridik muhokamalar kutilayotgani, yodgorlik og'irligi, yodgorlik buzilmasdan tashqariga chiqarilsa, polni yorib o'tishi mumkinligi va bino tashqarisida ommaviy ravishda namoyishchilar bilan to'qnashuvni oldini olish istagi. Yodgorlik haqiqatan ham 2004 yil 19 iyulgacha davlat sud binosidan olib tashlanmagan.^[51]

Ishdan bo'shatish

2003 yil 22 avgustda, o'nta amr yodgorligini olib tashlash muddati o'tganidan ikki kun o'tgach, Alabama sud tergov komissiyasi (JIC) Alabama sud sudiga (COJ), sudyalar, advokatlar va boshqalarga shikoyat qildi. sudyalar, qonuniy rahbarlar, gubernator va hokim leytenant tomonidan har xil tayinlangan. Murojaat COJ tomonidan ko'rib chiqilguncha Murni sudyalik lavozimidan samarali ravishda to'xtatib qo'ydi.^[52]

COJ axloqiy muhokamasi 2003 yil 12 noyabrda bo'lib o'tdi. Mur o'zining ilgari aytgan fikrlarini takrorladi: "Xudoni tan olish axloq qoidalarini buzishi mumkin emas. Xudosiz axloq bo'lmaydi". U yana bir bor imkoniyat berilsa, sud qaroriga bo'ysunmasligini takrorlashini va agar u o'z lavozimiga qaytib kelsa: "Men, albatta, [yodgorlikni] shkafda, jamoatchilik kafaniga tashlab ketmasligimni" tan oldi. Yakuniy bahslarda Bosh prokurorning yordamchisi Murning bo'ysunmasligini nazoratsiz qoldirib, "sud tizimining barcha ishlarini qisqartiradi ... Bu jamoatchilikka, boshqa sud ishtirokchilariga qanday xabar yuboradi? U yuboradigan xabar: Agar qilmasangiz" sud qaroriga o'xshab, uni bajarishingiz shart emas. "^[53] Mur ilgari ushbu buyruq noqonuniy ekanligiga va bunday buyruqqa rioya qilish majburiy vakolat emasligiga ishonishini bildirgan edi.

Ertasi kuni COJ bir ovozdan xulosa chiqarib, "Bosh sudya Mur JIC tomonidan berilgan shikoyatda Alabama sud odob-axloq qoidalarini buzdi" degan qaror chiqardi. COJda bir necha intizomiy choralar mavjud edi, jumladan, tsenzurani bekor qilish yoki ish haqini to'lamasdan to'xtatib turish, ammo Murning javoblarida u kelajakda shunga o'xshash sud qarorlarini rad etishiga ishora qilganligi sababli, COJ shunday xulosaga keldi: "Bunday sharoitda, lavozimidan chetlatish uchun jazo yo'q" bu muammoni hal qiladi. "^[54] Mur darhol o'z lavozimidan olib tashlandi.

Mur COJ qarori bilan 2003 yil 10 dekabrda Alabama Oliy sudiga shikoyat qildi. Ishni tinglash uchun iste'fodagi sudyalar va sudyalardan iborat maxsus guruh tanlandi. Murning ta'kidlashicha, COJ federal sudlarning yodgorlikni sud binosidan olib tashlash to'g'risidagi buyrug'ining asosiy qonuniyligini hisobga olmagan. Alabama Oliy sudi COJ federal sudlarni bekor qilish vakolatiga ega emasligini, faqat Mur sud odob-axloq qoidalarini buzganligini aniqlash uchun vakolatiga ega emasligini aytib, ushbu dalilni rad etdi. Shuning uchun, sud Murga nisbatan protsessual jihatdan tegishli tartib mavjudligini ko'rsatish kifoya edi. Mur shuningdek, COJ unga o'z lavozimini egallash uchun diniy test o'tkazganini va COJning xatti-harakatlari uning huquqlarini buzganligini ta'kidladi. Bepul mashq qilish qoidasi Birinchi o'zgartirishning.^[55]

Alabama Oliy sudi ushbu dalillarning har birini ham rad etdi va 2004 yil 30 aprelda COJ to'g'ri harakat qilganligi to'g'risida qaror chiqardi. Sud, shuningdek, tegishli ravishda olib tashlash sanktsiyasini ham qo'llab-quvvatladi.^[55]

Skameykaga qayting

Mur zaxira o'rindig'iga qaytishga intildi va 2012 yil mart oyida Alabama shtati sudyasi uchun o'tkazilgan respublika boshlang'ich saylovida Mur respublika nominatsiyasida g'olib bo'lib, o'tirgan bosh sudya Chak Maloneni (o'tgan yili gubernator Bentli tomonidan tayinlangan) mag'lubiyatga uchratdi. Mobil okrug tuman sudyasi Charlz Graddik.^[56][57]

2012 yil noyabr oyida bo'lib o'tgan umumiy saylovlarda Mur Demokratlar nomzodini mag'lubiyatga uchratdi, Jefferson okrugi tuman sudyasi Bob Vens va yana skameykaga qaytdi.^[58] Mur 913.021 ovoz oldi, Vens 850.816 ovoz oldi.^[59]

Bir jinsli nikohga qarashlar

2015 yil 28-yanvar kuni Janubiy qashshoqlik huquqi markazi Murga qarshi sud odob-axloqi to'g'risidagi shikoyat bilan murojaat qildi, u bir jinsli nikohga oid ishlarni ommaviy ravishda izohlaganini va shtat amaldorlari va sudyalarini federal sudning bir jinsli nikohga qo'yilgan taqiqlarni bekor qilish to'g'risidagi qarorlarini e'tiborsiz qoldirishga undashini aytdi.^[60][61]

Mur sudlar va ularning xodimlarini 8 fevral kuni, federal sudning qonuniylashtirish to'g'risidagi qaroridan bir kun oldin sinovdan o'tkazish to'g'risida buyruq chiqardi Alabamada bir jinsli nikoh kuchga kirdi, ularga hukmni e'tiborsiz qoldirish va gubernator tomonidan qonuniy choralar ko'rish tahdidi ostida davlatning taqiqlanishini amalga oshirish buyurildi.^[62] 9 fevral kuni, keyin Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Oliy sudi federal sud qarorining kuchga kirishiga ruxsat berdi, Birmingem, Montgomeri va Xantsvilldagi sudyalar Murga bo'ysunmadi va bir jinsli juftliklarga nikoh litsenziyasini berdi.^[63]

2016 yil 6 yanvarda, AQSh Oliy sudi o'z xulosasini chiqargandan so'ng Obergefell va Xodjes oldingi iyun oyida Mur quyi sud sudyalariga "Alabama Oliy sudi tomonidan qabul qilingan qarorgacha, Alabama Oliy sudining Alabama proba sudyalari vazirlik burchiga zid ravishda biron bir nikoh litsenziyasini bermaslik to'g'risida buyrug'i chiqarilgunga qadar. Alabama shtatidagi nikohning muqaddasligi to'g'risidagi o'zgartirish yoki Alabama shtatidagi nikohni muhofaza qilish to'g'risidagi qonun to'liq kuchda qolmoqda. "^[64]

2016 yil zaxira o'rindig'idan chetlashtirish va iste'fo

2016 yil 6 mayda Alabama sud tergov komissiyasi (JIC) Mur tomonidan axloqiy buzilishlar bo'yicha oltita ayblov ro'yxatini yubordi. Alabama sud sudi.^[65] Mur Alabama Oliy sudidan sud va qaror chiqarilguniga qadar to'xtatildi. Mur 2003 yilda uni lavozimidan chetlashtirgan ayblovlarga qaraganda jiddiyroq ayblovlar tufayli lavozimdan chetlatilishiga duch keldi.^[66][67] JICning shikoyati Murga Alabama sud odob-axloq qoidalarini buzganlikda aybladi:^[65]

1. federal buyruqqa e'tibor bermaslik.
2. aniq qonunlarga rioya qilishni istamasligini namoyish etdi.
3. ma'muriy vakolatni suiiste'mol qilish.
4. o'z qarorini butun Alabama Oliy sudining qaroriga almashtirish bilan, shu jumladan o'z sudida kutilayotgan sud jarayoni to'g'risida jamoatchilik fikrini bildirmaslik.
5. Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari okrug sudi va / yoki Alabama Oliy sudida Alabama shtati sudlari ishtirok etgan protsess bilan bog'liq sud jarayoni va himoya vositalariga aralashish.
6. Alabama Oliy sudida ommaviy fikr bildirgandan va xolisligini shubha ostiga qo'yganidan keyin kutilayotgan sud jarayonidan voz kechmaslik.

27 may kuni Mur JICga qarshi federal sudga murojaat qildi (Mur v. Sud tergov komissiyasi), uning avtomatik to'xtatib turilishi konstitutsiyaga zid ekanligini da'vo qilgan.^[68][69] 4 avgust kuni federal okrug sudi Murning da'vosini rad etib, qaroriga binoan betaraflik doktrinasi, federal sudlar, odatda, davom etayotgan davlat sud jarayoniga xalaqit bermaydilar.^[70][71]

Adliya sudi tomonidan to'xtatib turish

2016 yil iyun oyida Mur JIC va Alabama sud sudining u chiqargan ma'muriy buyruqlarni ko'rib chiqish vakolatiga ega emasligi va Alabama Oliy sudining buyruqlari hanuzgacha bo'lganligi haqida bahslashib, JIC jarayonini rad etish to'g'risida iltimos qildi. dan ta'sir Alabama Siyosat instituti ishi qarorlariga qaramay, Alabamada sinov sudyalari tomonidan bir jinsli nikoh litsenziyalarini berishni taqiqlash Obergefell va Xodjes tomonidan chiqarilgan AQSh Oliy sudi, Searcy va g'alati, Strawser va g'alati va qarori AQShning Apellyatsiya sudi o'n birinchi davra bo'yicha buyruqlar bekor qilingan deb hisoblagan Obergefell.^{[65][72][73][74][75]} Sud sudi sudning rad etish to'g'risidagi iltimosnomasini ko'rib chiqish kunini belgilab, uni iltimosnoma sifatida ko'rib chiqishga qaror qildi qisqacha hukm JIC tomonidan qo'yilgan ayblovlarga tegishli.^[76][77]

The Inson huquqlari aksiyasi, LGBT huquqlari guruhi bunga javoban: "Roy Mur nafaqat qonundan yuqori ekaniga ishonadi, balki sud odob-axloqidan yuqori ekaniga ishonadi ... Murga nikoh tengligi tomonidan tasdiqlangan paytda er qonunchiligini himoya qilish vazifasi yuklangan. Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlarining Oliy sudi va u ushbu vazifani Alabama bo'ylab o'z shaxsiy, kamsituvchi sabablari bilan sevib, bir jinsli juftliklarga ziyon etkazish jarayonida bajardi. "^[78]

2016 yil iyul oyida JIC sudni sudni sudni zaxira o'rindig'idan chetlashtirgan sud qarorini chiqarishni iltimos qilib, sud qarorini qisqartirish to'g'risida qaror qabul qildi. JIC advokatlari: "Bosh sudya o'zini tutishini o'zgartirmasligini isbotlagan va va'da bergani sababli, u Alabama sud tizimining yaxlitligi, mustaqilligi va xolisligini saqlab qolish uchun uni suddan chetlatishdan boshqa ilojsiz qoldi. va adolat uchun unga bog'liq bo'lgan fuqarolar. "^[79][80][81] Mur o'z javobida (Ozodlik maslahatchisidagi advokatlari orqali) Mur Alabama shtati sudining Alabama O'rta okrugi bo'yicha AQSh okrug sudi tomonidan chiqarilgan buyruqqa bo'ysunmaslik uchun ko'rsatma berganligini rad etdi va Alabama Oliy sudining buyruqlarini talab qildi. Alabama shtatining bir jinsli juftliklarga nikoh litsenziyasini rad etish bo'yicha sudyalari hanuzgacha amalda bo'lgan. Mur 6-yanvardagi buyrug'ida "Alabama Oliy sudining keyingi qaroriga qadar, Alabama Oliy sudining Alabama shtati sudi sud qaroriga binoan mavjud bo'lgan buyruqlariga binoan, uning 6-yanvardagi ma'muriy buyrug'i JIC tomonidan noto'g'ri tavsiflangan" deb ta'kidladi. vazirlik vazifasi Alabama shtatidagi nikohning muqaddasligi to'g'risidagi o'zgartish yoki Alabama shtatidagi nikohni himoya qilish to'g'risidagi qonunga zid ravishda biron bir nikoh litsenziyasini bermaslik to'liq kuchda qoladi. "^{[82][83][84][85]}

2016 yil avgust oyida Alabama sud sudida ishdan bo'shatish va sud qarorini bekor qilish to'g'risidagi sud majlisida Murning advokatlari Mur sud prokurat sudyalariga AQSh okrug sudi tomonidan chiqarilgan buyruqqa yoki AQSh Oliy sudining qaroriga bo'ysunmaslik to'g'risida buyruq bermagan deb da'vo qilishda davom etishdi. bir jinsli nikoh to'g'risida. JIC advokati Murning argumenti "aql-idrokka qarshi" deb javob berdi va Mur 2003 yilda bo'lgani kabi federal sud qaroriga bo'ysunayotganini va uni darhol lavozimidan chetlatish kerakligini aytdi.^[86][87] Keyinchalik Alabama sud sudi Murning ham, JICning ham iltimosini rad etdi va sud kunini belgilab qo'ydi.^[88]

2016 yil 30 sentyabrda Mur barcha oltita ayblovlar bo'yicha aybdor deb topildi va 2019 yilga qadar tugatilishi kerak bo'lgan muddat davomida to'xtatildi.^[89] Adliya sudi 50 betlik buyrug'ida Murning 6-yanvardagi buyruqdan maqsad "shunchaki shtat sinov sudyalariga" maqomni yangilash "bilan ta'minlash" degan da'vosini ishonchli deb topmaganligini aytdi.^[89] Qaror shuni anglatadiki, Mur muddatining qolgan qismida to'lanadigan ish haqini olmaydi. Murga sud xarajatlarini to'lash ham buyurilgan. Qaror bilan Murning Oliy sudi faoliyati yakunlandi, chunki u 2018 yilda qayta saylanish huquqiga ega bo'lmaydi, chunki u maksimal yoshdan yuqori bo'ladi (Alabamada sudga nomzodlar 69 yoshdan kichik bo'lishi kerak).^[90][91]

Alabama Oliy sudiga murojaat qilish va iste'foga chiqish

2016 yil oktyabr oyida Mur a apellyatsiya shikoyati sud sudi tomonidan uning to'xtatib turilishi va Alabama Oliy sudiga yakuniy qaror ustidan shikoyat qilish. Mur boshqa da'volar qatorida JICda ham, COJda ham 2016 yil 6 yanvardagi Ma'muriy buyrug'i chiqarganligi uchun uni tergov qilish va jazolash vakolatiga ega emasligini ta'kidladilar; unga qo'yilgan oltita ayb aniq va ishonchli dalillar bilan isbotlanmaganligi va muddatining qolgan qismi uchun maosh olmasdan "uni to'xtatib turish" bilan COJ uni talablariga binoan COJning bir ovozdan kelishuvisiz amalda lavozimidan chetlashtirgan. Alabama qonuni.^{[92][93][94][95]} Murojaatni kutish chog'ida Mur o'z kabinetini tozalashdan bosh tortdi.^[96]

Alabama Oliy sudi Murning to'xtatib turish to'g'risidagi shikoyatini ko'rib chiqish uchun tasodifiy ravishda iste'fodagi etti nafar sudyani tanladi,^[97][98][99] Gubernator Robert Bentli Murning shikoyatini ko'rib chiqish uchun ushbu ettita iste'fodagi sudyalarning maxsus Oliy sudini rasmiy ravishda tayinlash to'g'risida farmoyish chiqarib, uni muddatining qolgan qismida zaxira o'rindig'idan chetlatdi.^[100]

2016 yil dekabr oyida Mur - guruh tomonidan namoyish etilgan Ozodlik bo'yicha maslahat - uning shikoyatini qisqacha Alabama Oliy sudiga yubordi.^{[101][102][103][104][105]} Alabama shtatidagi amaldagi va iste'fodagi sakkiz sudyalar Murni qo'llab-quvvatlash uchun o'zlarining arizalarida Murning to'xtatib turilishi aslida lavozimdan chetlatilganligi va Alabama qonunlariga zid bo'lganligi sababli tasdiqlashdi. did unanimously agree in their final judgment to suspend Moore for the remainder of his term.^[106][107]

At Moore's request,^[108] og'zaki bahs was canceled to speed up the proceedings, and the special Supreme Court agreed to rule on the case based on the written submissions of the parties.^{[109][110][111]}

On April 20, the special Supreme Court upheld Moore's suspension.^[112] In its opinion, the special Supreme Court ruled that all of the JIC's charges against Moore were supported by clear and convincing evidence. The Court also ruled that it did not have authority to rescind the sanctions imposed on Moore because the charges were amply supported by clear and convincing evidence, and that the JIC was unanimous in their decision to suspend Moore for the remainder of his term.^[113]

Six days following the court's ruling, Moore resigned from the Alabama Supreme Court ^[114]

He then announced he would be running for the United States Senate.^[4][5]About Moore's candidacy, Richard Shelbi, Alabama's senior U.S. senator, harbored concerns about him long before sexual misconduct allegations surfaced, including his willingness as a judge to disobey judicial orders, saying, "I disagree with a lot of court decisions ... but still it's the law."^[115]

Shaxsiy hayot

Nikoh va bolalar

Moore first saw his future wife, Kayla Kisor, when she was in her mid-teens performing at a dance recital. Moore was 31 at the time. In his 2005 autobiography, Moore described his reaction, writing: "I knew Kayla was going to be a special person in my life."^[116] In 1984, Moore and Kayla Kisor Heald met again at a Christmas party. She was then a married mother. She filed for divorce from her first husband on December 28, 1984, and was divorced on April 19, 1985. Roy Moore married Kayla on December 14, 1985. He was 38; she was 24.^[117] They have four adult children.^[118]

Kolumnist

Moore wrote weekly columns for the far-right website WorldNetDaily 2006 yildan 2009 yilgacha.^[119][120]

Axloq huquqi uchun asos

Moore founded the nonprofit Christian legal organization Axloq huquqi uchun asos 2002 yilda.^[121] Moore's wife, Kayla, is the president of the Foundation for Moral Law.^[122]

In 2005, Moore's Foundation for Moral Law accepted a $1,000 contribution from a neo-natsistlar tomonidan tashkil etilgan tashkilot Uillis Karto, taniqli Holokostni rad qiluvchi. The donation attracted attention during Moore's 2017 campaign for a Senate seat.^{[123][124][125]}

Undisclosed salary payment controversy

Moore stated that he did not draw a "regular salary" from the organization. In October 2017, however, Washington Post reported that Moore had arranged an annual salary of $180,000 for himself from the foundation.^[25] From 2007 to 2012, he collected more than $1 million, an amount far surpassing the nonprofit's declarations in its public tax filings, because of what the Xabar called "errors and gaps in the group's federal tax filings".^[25] Washington Post reported that Moore arranged the salary and that, in 2012 when the charity could not pay his full salary, Moore received a note promising that he would get the salary in back pay or a stake in the assets of the foundation.^[25] The foundation paid for Moore's health-care benefits, travel expenses, and bodyguard, and the foundation's website has regularly promoted Moore's speaking arrangements and book.^[25] It employed at least two of Moore's children and Moore's wife. She was paid $65,000 annually after he again took his seat on the Alabama Supreme Court.^[25] Washington Post also said that there was considerable overlap between the charity and Moore's political activities, with previous top officials of the charity leading Moore's 2017 Senate campaign and with the charity using the same fundraising firm as Moore's campaigns.^[25]

The foundation's former chair, Alabama circuit court judge John Bentley, denied that the board did anything wrong intentionally, but was unable to explain shortcomings in tax filings and audits. He admitted that the board failed to provide sufficient oversight and that he personally had been less involved than his position required. He acknowledged the foundation was effectively run entirely by Moore and his family.^[25]

The Ichki daromad xizmati (IRS) warned the foundation about discrepancies in its tax filings in 2013, saying that the issues "could jeopardize your exempt status".^[25] Multiple charity and tax law experts have said that the foundation's activities "raised questions about compliance with IRS rules, including prohibitions on the use of a charity for the private benefit or enrichment of an individual".^[25] Additional reporting by Washington Post that October found the $498,000 Moore was guaranteed in back pay was not declared to the IRS; tax experts say that it should have been and that Moore would have had to pay more than $100,000 in federal tax.^[126]

Jinsiy buzuqlik bo'yicha ayblovlar

In November 2017, during Moore's U.S. Senate campaign, nine women accused him of inappropriate sexual or social conduct.^[127] Three of the women said they had been sexually assaulted by Moore when they were aged 14, 16, and 28.^{[8][tushuntirish kerak ]} The other six described him pursuing a romantic relationship with them while he was in his 30s and they were as young as 16, but said there had not been any inappropriate sexual contact.^[7] Moore denied the sexual assault allegations,^[8] but did not dispute that he had approached or dated teenagers over the age of 16 (the rozilik yoshi Alabamada).^{[10][128][129]} Independent witnesses confirmed that Moore had a reputation for approaching teenage girls, often at a local mall, and asking them out.^{[7][129][130]}

Of the three women who accused him of sexual assault, Leigh Corfman said that Moore sexually assaulted her in 1979, when she was 14 and he was 32. Moore denied knowing or having contact with Corfman, although her mother confirmed their meeting.

Beverly Young Nelson said that, in December 1977 or January 1978 when she was 16, Moore sexually assaulted her. She said that when she fought him off, he eventually gave up, telling her, "You're just a child, I'm the district attorney. If you tell anyone about this no one will ever believe you." Moore denied Nelson's accusations and that he even knew her at all.

Tina Johnson alleged that when she was 28 in 1991, she had visited Moore in his law office for a legal matter. She said Moore flirted with her, asked questions about her young daughters, and grabbed her buttocks as she left.

Moore has offered contradictory responses on whether he knew his accusers. He had said on November 10 that he did "recognize" the maiden names of Debbie Wesson Gibson and Gloria Thacker Deason (Both Gibson and Deason had alleged that Moore had dated them when they were 17–18) and remembered each "as a good girl". Regarding if he had dated Gibson, Moore said "I can't recall the specific dates because that's been 40 years."^[131] On November 27 and November 29, Moore took a different stance, repeatedly stating "I do not know any of these women" while also saying that "pictures of young children – whose names are not mentioned and I do not know – appear conveniently on the opposition's ads ... These allegations are completely false."^[132][133]

Election issues and campaigns

2004

Moore considered running for the nomination of the Respublika partiyasi va Konstitutsiya partiyasi ichida 2004 yilgi prezident saylovi.^[134] Despite encouragement from several corners, Moore did not pursue the nomination.^[135]

2004 yilda, shu bilan birga O'simlik Titusi, Moore was an original drafter of the Constitution Restoration Act,^[136] which sought to remove federal courts' jurisdiction over a government official or entity's "acknowledgment of God as the sovereign source of law, liberty, or government", and provided for the impichment of judges who failed to do so. The bill was introduced in both houses of Congress in 2004 and then reintroduced in 2005, but languished in committee both times.

2006

In October 2005, Moore announced that he would run against Governor Bob Rili in the 2006 Republican gubernatorial primary.^[137] Moore's campaign relied largely on his popularity among Xristianlarning huquqi saylovchilar.^[137][138] However, Moore consistently performed poorly in polling and in fundraising.^[138]

In the June 2006 primary, Riley won the primary, 306,665 (66.6 percent) to 153,354 (33.34 percent).^[139] Following such a major defeat, Moore accused the chair of the state's Republican Party of bias towards Riley and called on her to resign; he also criticized President Bush for praising Riley's administration. His criticism of the state Republican Party was so harsh that he eventually had to call a press conference to quell rumors that he would run as an independent if he lost the Republican primary.^[140] In his concession speech, Moore told supporters that "God's will has been done." Moore did not call Riley to concede and refused to support Riley in the general election because of Riley's acceptance of campaign contributions from siyosiy harakatlar qo'mitalari.^[140]

2010

Roy Moore campaign sign, 2010

In 2009, Moore launched another campaign for governor of Alabama in 2010 election.^[141] In the first round of the June 2010 Republican primary election, Moore came in fourth place with 19.31% of the vote, behind Bredli Byorn (27.89%), Robert J. Bentli (25.15%), and Tim Jeyms (25.12%).^[142]

2012

On April 18, 2011, Moore announced that he was forming an qidiruv qo'mitasi ichida chopmoq Respublikachilar prezidentining dastlabki saylovlari yilda 2012.^[143][144] When that campaign failed to gain traction, he began to draw speculation in the media as being a potential Konstitutsiya partiyasi presidential contender.^{[135][145][ishonchli manba ]} In November 2011, Moore withdrew his exploratory committee and ended all speculation of a presidential candidacy when he instead announced that he would in 2012 seek his former post of chief justice of the Alabama Supreme Court.^[146] On November 6, 2012, Moore won election back to the office of Alabama chief justice, defeating replacement Democratic candidate Bob Vens.^[147]

2017

Roy Moore campaign sign, 2017

On April 26, 2017, Moore, who had been suspended from the Alabama Supreme Court since September 2016, stated that he had submitted retirement papers and would resign as chief justice in order to run for the U.S. Senate seat vacated earlier by Jeff Sessions, who left the Senate to become AQSh bosh prokurori. Hokim Robert J. Bentli tayinlangan Lyuter g'alati to fill the vacancy, and Strange also sought the Republican nomination in the special election.^[148]

Republican U.S. Senate primary

On August 15, 2017, Moore and Strange advanced to the primary runoff after Moore finished first with 38.87% of the vote to Strange's 32.83%.^[149] Prezident Donald Tramp reluctantly supported Moore's opponent Strange during the primary,^[150] dispensing with traditional presidential caution in becoming involved with contested primaries,^[151][152] and almost the whole national Republican establishment wanted Strange to win.^{[153][154][155]} Trump's efforts on behalf of Strange included a series of tweets, and a rally in Alabama, where he admitted that he "might have made a mistake" in his endorsement of Strange and emphasized repeatedly that he would support Moore if he won, but still urged voters to vote for Strange.^{[156][151][157]}

Moore was outspent in the runoff by a margin of 10-to-1, thanks in part to the efforts of Senate majority leader Mitch Makkonnell.^[153][158] On September 26, 2017, Moore defeated Strange in the Republican primary runoff election to become the Republican nominee.^[159] This marked the first time since 2010 that an insurgent defeated an incumbent U.S. Senator having active White House support.^[160] The percentages were 54.6% for Moore, to 45.4% for Strange.

U.S. Senate special election campaign

Moore faced Democratic nominee Dag Jons, avvalgi Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlarining advokati, and several write-in candidates in a special election on December 12, 2017.^[161][162] Moore turned down debate invitations extended by the Ayol saylovchilar ligasi^[163] va WHNT-TV va AL.com.^[164][165] Moore said that he refused to debate Jones because of Jones's "very liberal stance on transgenderism and transgenderism in the military and in bathrooms".^[166]

In early November, when sexual misconduct allegations against Moore were reported, many Republicans at the national level called for Moore to drop out of the race or withdrew their endorsements of him.^[167][168] At the time of the revelations, it was too close to the election for Moore's name to be removed from the ballot.^[169] Senatning ko'pchilik rahbari Mitch Makkonnell va uy spikeri Pol Rayan said he should step aside,^[170][171] as did U.S. Senator Jon Makkeyn and former U.S. presidential candidate Mitt Romni.^[172][167] Other senators withdrew their endorsements of Moore's Senate candidacy.^{[168][173][174][175]} President Donald Trump initially said Moore should step aside if the charges were true, but otherwise expressed support for Moore.^[176] Trump later formally endorsed Moore.^[177][178] Alabama Republicans largely defended Moore from the accusations;^[179][180] istisno bo'ldi Richard Shelbi, the state's U.S. senator since 1987, who said two days before the election the accusations against Moore were "believable" and that "Alabama deserves better." He said he wrote in the name of another Republican on his absentee ballot.^[115]

The Republican National Committee (RNC) and the National Republican Senatorial Committee (NRSC) temporarily withdrew funding from his campaign.^[181]

A week before the election, Trump strongly endorsed Moore.^[177] Following Trump's endorsement, the RNC reinstated their support for him,^[181] and McConnell said he would "let the people of Alabama decide" whether to elect Moore.^[182] Just four days before the election, Trump appeared at a rally in Pensakola, Florida, near the border of Alabama, and again endorsed Moore.^[183]

During a campaign speech in Florensiya, Alabama, in 2017, Moore decried racial divisions plaguing the United States, stating: "Now we have blacks and whites fighting, reds and yellows fighting, Democrats and Republicans fighting, men and women fighting. What's going to unite us? What's going to bring us back together? A president? A Congress? No. It's going to be God." Moore's reference to "reds" and "yellows" was criticized as racially insensitive.^[184][185] Moore's campaign responded, stating that his statement was based on the religious song "Jesus Loves the Little Children ".^[186] In the same speech, when a spectator asked when Moore thought America was last great, Moore responded: "I think it was great at the time when families were united. Even though we had slavery, they cared for one another. ... Our families were strong, our country had a direction."^[187]

In the December 12 election, Moore lost to Jones, who received 671,151 votes (49.9%) to Moore's 650,436 votes (48.4%).^[188] Moore refused to concede despite Trump, Bannon, and others urging him to do so.^[189][190] He told his followers in a YouTube video posted to his campaign account that "it's not over." He added that he wanted to wait for military votes to be counted and the results to be certified.^[191] A number of right-leaning websites pushed conspiracy theories about voter fraud providing the margin for Jones.^[192]

Alabama secretary of state Jon Merril aytdi Washington Post that the result would be certified on December 28, 2017.^[192] If the final margin of victory had been less than 0.5%, then a recount would have been automatically triggered.^[193] In cases where the margin is greater than 0.5 percent, either candidate can request a recount at his or her expense. However, Merrill estimated that a recount could cost anywhere from $1 million to $1.5 million, an amount that must be paid in full when the request is made. Moore had only $636,046 on hand by the time the campaign ended.^[190] On December 28, Merrill and Alabama governor Kay Ivey certified the results of the senatorial election^[194] despite a last-minute lawsuit from the Moore campaign (rejected by a state judge) seeking a new election on the grounds of voter fraud.^[195]

He became the first Republican to lose a statewide race in Alabama since Republican Twinkle Andress Cavanaugh lost the 2008 president of the Alabama davlat xizmatlari bo'yicha komissiyasi election to Democratic former lieutenant governor Lucy Baxley. Moore was the first Republican to lose a United States Senate election in Alabama since Richard Sellers in 1992. Jones became the first Democrat to gain a Senate seat since Richard Shelbi amaldagi respublikachini mag'lub etdi Eremiyo Denton yilda 1986 in a similarly narrow election, though Shelby joined the Republican Party eight years later. Jones also became the first Democrat to represent Alabama in the United States Senate since Xauell Heflin 's retirement in 1997.

In April 2018, Moore filed a lawsuit in Etovax okrugi alleging "there was a political conspiracy against him in the 2017 special election". The former was filed against sexual misconduct accusers that came to prominence during the election.^[196]

2020

Moore announced on June 20, 2019 that he would challenge Dag Jons once again for his Senate seat ichida 2020 yilgi saylov.^[197] He failed to earn the Republican party nomination, receiving only 7.16%^[198] of the vote in the primary election.^[199]

Siyosiy lavozimlar

Ga binoan Business Insider, Moore has a "history of far-right and conspiracy-aligned positions" on issues such as homosexuality, race, Islam, and terrorism.^[200] Ga binoan CNN, Moore's "virulent anti-gay, right-wing views made him a national figure".^[16] Ga binoan The New York Times, Moore "is a staunch evangelical Christian, and his often-inflammatory political beliefs are informed by his strongly held religious views".^[201] Moore has been considered a "rising star of the pastki o'ng movement" by Quddus Post and an "alt-right hero" by Washington Post.^[202][203]

Abort

Moore is strongly abortga qarshi. In a 2014 Supreme Court ruling, he said that laws should protect life "from the moment of conception".^[204] He seeks to defund Rejalashtirilgan ota-ona.^[205]

Amerika eksklyuzivligi

Moore has been skeptical of modern Amerika eksklyuzivligi, saying that "America promotes a lot of bad things." Moore argued that the United States is an "Yovuz imperiya " comparable to the Sovet Ittifoqi, saying that America is "the focus of evil in the modern world". When asked for a clarification, Moore gave an example of America culturally exporting acceptance of homosexuality dunyo bo'ylab.^[206][207]

"Birther" movement and other conspiracy theories

Moore was a leading proponent of the bir-birining harakatlanishi, the debunked fitna nazariyasi postulating that Barack Obama is not a U.S. citizen.^[23][208] He repeatedly promoted the conspiracy theory from 2008 and through to at least December 2016. Asked if he still questioned Obama's citizenship in August 2017, the Moore campaign declined to answer questions from the media.^[208][209] As chief justice of the Supreme Court of Alabama, he opined that Alabama's secretary of state should "investigate the qualifications of those candidates who appeared on the 2012 general-election ballot".^[208] In 2011, Moore appeared twice on the Aroostook Watchmen radio program, a conspiracy-theory show hosted by two Meyn men who promote "birther" falsehoods as well as "soxta bayroq " conspiracy theories about the 11 sentyabr hujumlari, Sendi Xuk qirg'ini, Boston bombing, and other mass shootings and terrorist attacks.^[210]

Moore has also suggested, without providing any evidence, that former president Barack Obama is secretly a Muslim.^[24]

Cherkov va davlat

Because of his focus on religion in politics, he has earned the nickname of 'Ayatollah of Alabama' among his critics.^[17]

In a January 2014 speech in Mississippi, Moore said that the Framers of the Declaration of Independence and the Founding Fathers attributed our rights to "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness" as coming from a specific God, stating "Buddha didn't create us, Mohammed didn't create us, it was the God of the Holy Scriptures."^[211] The speech prompted criticism because it appeared to suggest that non-Christians did not enjoy religious protections under the Birinchi o'zgartirish. In a subsequent interview, Moore said that the First Amendment protects all faiths: "It applies to the rights God gave us to be free in our modes of thinking, and as far as religious liberty to all people, regardless of what they believe."^[212]

Inson huquqlari

Moore was a strong opponent of a proposed amendment to the Alabama Konstitutsiyasi in 2004. Known as Amendment 2, the proposed legislation would have removed wording from the state constitution that referred to so'rovnoma soliqlari va talab qilinadi alohida maktablar for "white and colored children", a practice already outlawed due to civil rights-era legislation during the Fuqarolik huquqlari harakati. Moore and other opponents of the measure argued that the amendment's wording would have allowed federal judges to force the state to fund public school improvements with increased taxes. Voters in Alabama narrowly defeated the proposed amendment, with a margin of 1,850 votes out of 1.38 million cast. Moore's opposition has been cited as a reason for the failure of the referendum.^[213][214]

In 2011, Moore said on Aroostook Watchmen, a right-wing conspiracy radio show that getting rid of all the constitutional amendments after the Tenth Amendment would "eliminate many problems".^[210] Amendments adopted after the Tenth Amendment include the O'n uchinchi tuzatish (which abolished slavery); The O'n beshinchi o'zgartirish (which barred the government from denying persons the right to vote based on the "race, color, or previous condition of servitude"); va O'n to'qqizinchi o'zgartirish (which guaranteed ayollarning saylov huquqi ).^[210] In the same appearance, when asked about the Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Konstitutsiyasiga o'n to'rtinchi o'zgartirish (which provides for qonunlarning teng himoyasi ), Moore said that he has "very serious problems with its approval by the states".^[210] During his 2017 campaign, when asked about these statements, a spokesman for Moore said that he did not favor repeal of these amendments but was merely expressing concern over "the historical trend since the ratification of the Bill of Rights" of "federal empowerment over state empowerment".^[210]

In a November 2017 speech at a revival in Jackson, Roy Moore stated that "they started [to] create new rights in 1965, and today we've got a problem" in an apparent reference to the 1965 yil ovoz berish huquqi to'g'risidagi qonun.^[215]

Konfederatsiya

Yangi Konfederatsiya groups held events at the Foundation for Moral Law, a foundation led by Moore, in 2009 and 2010.^[216] The events "promoted a history of the Civil War sympathetic to the Confederate cause, in which the conflict is presented as one fought over the federal government violating the South's sovereignty as opposed to one fought chiefly over the preservation of slavery".^[216]

The foundation's then-executive director, Rich Hobson, now^{[qachon? ]} Moore's campaign manager, claimed in 2010 that Moore was unaware of these events and that it was Hobson who approved them.^[216] However, the organizer of the events thanked Moore for allowing them to hold the events in his building.^[216]

Ta'lim

In 2007, Moore opposed maktabgacha, claiming that attendees are "much more likely to learn a liberal social and political philosophy" and that state involvement in early childhood education is characteristic of totalitarizm.^[217]

Evolyutsiya

Moore rejects the evolyutsiya nazariyasi, saying "There is no such thing as evolution. That we came from a snake? No, I don't believe that."^[201] In 2010, Moore ran hujum e'lonlari in the Republican gubernatorial primary against his opponent Bredli Byorn, questioning Byrne's faith on the grounds that he had supported the teaching of evolution while on a local school board. (In response, Byrne ran ads claiming to be a kreatsionist.)^[218][219]

Erkin so'z

In an October 2017 interview with Vaqt, Moore said regarding NFL players who protested police violence by kneeling during the playing of the national anthem: "It's against the law, you know that? It was a [sic] act of Congress that every man stand and put their hand over their heart. That's the law."^{[220][221][222]} This assertion is incorrect assuming Moore was calling for enforcement; for civilians, the Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlarining bayroq kodi, which outlines proper conduct when the national anthem is played, is an advisory description of proper etiquette, not an enforceable law.^[223] The US Flag Code does not reference standing for the national anthem.

Savdo

When asked whether he approved of erkin savdo, Moore stated that he supported protektsionizm.^[224] Moore has suggested pulling out of various free trade agreements, saying that he would rescind "unfair free trade agreements which have severely damaged our economy".^[225]

Immigratsiya

In July 2017, Moore stated that he was unfamiliar with what the Dreamer program edi.^[201] Later, in September 2017, Moore criticized Bolalikka kelish uchun kechiktirilgan harakat (DACA), which grants temporary stay to unauthorized immigrants brought to the United States as children.^[201]

Views on LGBT people

Moore has been described as holding "virulently anti-gay" beliefs.^[200][16] Moore is supportive of laws to make homosexuality illegal, and has argued that same-sex parents are unfit to raise children, that openly gay individuals should not be allowed to serve in government, and that the legitimization of various forms of "sodomy" may cause suffering in the United States.^{[200][16][226]} He believes that homosexuality goes against "the laws of nature " and stated it is comparable to hayvonot.^[227]

In 1996, while presiding over a divorce case, Moore ruled that a mother who had had a lesbian affair would lose custody of her children to the father and that she could not be allowed see her children unless she was supervised.^[228] Moore wrote in his ruling, "The court strongly feels that the minor children will be detrimentally affected by the present lifestyle of [Mrs. Borden] who has engaged in a homosexual relationship during her marriage, forbidden both by the laws of the State of Alabama and the Laws of Nature."^[228] The Court of Civil Appeals removed Moore from the case, a decision that was later affirmed by the Alabama Supreme Court.^[228]

In February 2002, as Alabama Chief Justice, Moore issued a controversial opinion that expressed his belief that the state should use its powers to punish "homosexual behavior". Ish, D.H. v. H.H., was a custody dispute where a lezbiyen was petitioning for custody of her children, alleging abuse by her ex-husband. A circuit court in Alabama had ruled in favor of the father, but the Alabama Court of Civil Appeals overturned that verdict 4–1, saying that substantial evidence existed of abusive behavior by the father.^[229] A qarama-qarshi fikr in the case, Moore stated that a parent's homosexuality should be a deciding factor in determining which parent gets custody over children: "Homosexual behavior is a ground for ajralish, an act of sexual misconduct punishable as a crime in Alabama, a crime against nature, an inherent evil, and an act so heinous that it defies one's ability to describe it. That is enough under the law to allow a court to consider such activity harmful to a child."^[230]

In 2016, Moore was suspended from the Alabama Supreme Court for instructing state probate judges to deny marriage licenses to same-sex couples, in contravention of Obergefell va Xodjes, in which the U.S. Supreme Court determined that bir jinsli juftliklar have a constitutional right to marry.^[231]

In 2017, Moore called for impeaching judges who have issued rulings supportive of homosexuality and same-sex marriage.^[227] In November 2016, Moore argued that the Obergefell ruling was worse than the 1857 Dred Skott va Sandford ruling (which declared that African-Americans, whether enslaved or free, were property and could not be American citizens).^[232] The Dred Skott ruling is widely considered as the worst Supreme Court ruling.^[233][234]

In November 2017, Moore said that transgender people "don't have rights".^[166]

Ilohiy jazo

In August 2017, Moore suggested that the 11 sentyabr hujumlari edi a Xudo tomonidan jazo for Americans' declining religiosity.^[235][200] Moore has also suggested that the Sendi Xuk otishma, which killed 28 people (including 20 children), was "because we've forgotten the law of God".^[236] Moore has also said that suffering in the United States may be because "we legitimize sodomy" and "legitimize abortion".^[200] Washington Post commented that "among the prices [Moore] says this country has paid for denying God's supremacy: the high murder rate in Chicago, crime on the streets of Washington, child abuse, rape and sodomy."^[227]

Islomga qarshi chiqish

Moore has called for banning Muslims from serving in Congress, described Islam as a "false religion" and made unsubstantiated claims about Shariat Qo'shma Shtatlarda qonun.^[200][16] When asked by a reporter where in the United States that Sharia law was being practiced, Moore said "Well, there's Sharia law, as I understand it, in Illinois, Indiana—up there. I don't know."^[237][238] Asked if it was not an amazing claim for a Senate candidate to make, Moore said "Well, let me just put it this way—if they are, they are; if they're not, they're not."^[237]

In 2006, Moore wrote that Keyt Ellison ning Minnesota, the first Muslim to have been elected to the Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Vakillar palatasi, should be barred from sitting in Congress because in his view, a Muslim could not honestly take the oath of office. Moore said that the Qur'on did not allow for religions other than Islam to exist, and added, "common sense alone dictates that in the midst of a war with Islamic terrorists we should not place someone in a position of great power who shares their doctrine."^[239]

Vladimir Putin and Russia interference

Moore has strongly praised Rossiya prezidenti Vladimir Putin, stating that he is maybe "more akin to me than I know [myself]". When asked whether he believed that Russia interfered in the 2016 United States elections, Moore stated, "Everybody else thinks it's the Russians. I think it was the providential hand of God."^[206][207]

Saylov tarixi

2000 Chief Justice of the Alabama Supreme Court election

2006 yil Alabama gubernatorligiga saylov

2010 yil Alabama gubernatorligiga saylov

2012 Chief Justice of the Alabama Supreme Court election

Alabamada 2017 yil Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Senatining maxsus saylovi

2020 yil Alabamada Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Senatiga saylov

Shuningdek qarang

• Men ham harakat
• Vaynshteyn ta'siri

Izohlar

Adabiyotlar

Tashqi havolalar

• Senat sudyasi Roy Mur, Aksiya veb-sayti.
• Axloqiy huquq uchun asos Mur rahbarligidagi yuridik tashkilot.
• Profil da Smart ovoz bering
• Moliyaviy ma'lumot (federal ofis) da Federal saylov komissiyasi
• O'n amr ishi - arxivi Montgomery Advertiser Roy Mur bilan bog'liq hikoyalar.
• Tashqi ko'rinish kuni C-SPAN