Ommaviy madaniyatdagi yadro qurollari - Nuclear weapons in popular culture - Wikipedia

Shuningdek qarang: Yadro qirg'inidagi fantastika ro'yxati va Uchinchi jahon urushi ommaviy madaniyatda
Kecha Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlarining yadroviy sinovida yadroviy o't pufagi yonmoqda.

1945 yil avgustda ommaviy debyutidan beri, yadro qurollari va ularning potentsial ta'siri takrorlanuvchi motiv bo'lib kelgan ommaviy madaniyat,[1] o'n yilliklar darajasida Sovuq urush ko'pincha "deb nomlanadiatom asri ".

Yadro qurollari tasvirlari

Hozir tanish tinchlik ramzi dastlab aniq edi yadroga qarshi qurol belgisi.

The Xirosima va Nagasakining atom bombalari "atom asri" ni ochdi va bombardimon qilingan shaharlarning xira rasmlari tugaganidan ko'p o'tmay e'lon qilindi. Ikkinchi jahon urushi yangi qurollarning kuchi va yo'q qilinishining ramziga aylandi (shuni ta'kidlash kerakki, birinchi chiqarilgan rasmlar faqat uzoqdan olingan va u erda hech qanday odam tanasi bo'lmagan - bunday suratlar faqat keyingi yillarda chiqarilishi mumkin edi).[2]

A-ning chiqarilgan birinchi rasmlari yadroviy portlash - portlash Uchlik sinovi - olovli sharning o'ziga qaratilgan; keyinchalik rasmlar birinchi navbatda qo'ziqorin buluti bu keyin. Qo'shma Shtatlar muntazam dasturini boshlaganidan keyin yadro sinovlari 1940-yillarning oxirlarida, 1950-yillarga qadar davom etib (va Sovet Ittifoqi ), qo'ziqorin buluti qurollarning ramzi bo'lib xizmat qilgan.

Yadroviy qurollarning rasmlari (haqiqiy kassalari) 1960 yilgacha ommaga oshkor qilinmagan va hattoki ular faqatgina "maketlar" bo'lgan.Semiz erkak "va"Kichkina bola "Yaponiyaga tashlangan qurollar - yaqinda ishlab chiqilgan kuchliroq qurollar emas. Termoyadroviy qurollarning umumiy ishlash tamoyillari sxemalari kamida 1969 yildan beri kamida ikkita entsiklopediya maqolalarida va inertial qamoqxonada ochiq adabiyot tadqiqotlari mavjud bo'lgan. termoyadroviy qurollarning "ikkilamchi" va "o'zaro" bosqichlari qanday ishlashini sintez qilish hech bo'lmaganda juda boy bo'lgan.[3]

Ammo, umuman olganda, yadro qurollarini loyihalashtirish sirlari mustaqil ravishda ishlab chiqilganidan yoki barcha yirik davlatlar tomonidan va bir qator kichikroq davlatlar tomonidan o'g'irlab ketilganidan ancha oldin saqlanib kelingan. Odatda AQShning yadro qurollari texnologiyasidagi xorijiy taraqqiyot haqidagi ma'lumotlarini AQSh Energetika vazirligining "Ma'lumotlarni maxfiy ravishda deklaratsiyalash bo'yicha cheklangan qarorlar - 1946 yilgacha" hujjatini o'qish orqali aniqlash mumkin.[4] (garchi ba'zi bir yadro qurollarini loyihalash bo'yicha ma'lumotlar qayta tasniflangan bo'lsa-da, yadroviy qurollarning tarqalishi xavotiridan beri "nmamlakatlar " 70-yillarning oxirlarida ko'paygan).

Biroq, ikkita tortishuvli nashr AQSh va ittifoqdosh yadro qurollari jamoatchiligini juda tashvishga soladigan tarzda bu sukunatni buzdi.

Yadro qurollarining sobiq dizaynerlari Teodor Teylor terrorchilar qandaydir maxfiy ma'lumotlarni ishlatmasdan qanday qilib ishlaydigan bo'linadigan yadro qurolini loyihalashtirishi mumkinligi haqida ma'lumot berdi, bu ma'lumotni eng ko'p sotilgan kitobda nashr etgan jurnalist Jon Makfeyga. Bog'lanish energiyasining egri chizig'i 1974 yilda.[5]

1979 yilda AQSh Energetika vazirligi sudga berilgan tomonidan maqola chop etilishini bostirish Xovard Morland yilda Progressive u termoyadroviy va bo'linadigan yadro qurollari haqidagi dizayn ma'lumotlarini batafsil bayon etgan jurnal, u yadroviy qurol komponentlarini ishlab chiqarishda faol bo'lgan bir nechta DoE pudrat zavodlarining rasmiylari bilan suhbatda to'plashi mumkin edi. Morlandga guvohlik beradigan yadro quroli dizayneri Rey Kidder Morland o'z maqolasida takrorlangan ma'lumot uchun bir nechta ochiq adabiyot manbalarini aniqladi,[6] aviatsiya tarixchisi Chak Xansen AQSh senatori Charlz Persi uchun xuddi shunday hujjatni tayyorlagan.[7] Morland va Progressive ishda g'olib chiqdi va Morland o'zining jurnalistik tadqiqotlari uchun kitob, sud jarayoni va o'zining texnik qo'shimchasini nashr etdi, unda u o'zining kitobida termoyadro qurollari dizayni haqidagi asl maqolasida yolg'on taxminlar bo'lganini "tuzatdi", Portlagan sir.[8] Morlandning kitobidagi tushunchalar ichki ishlarning boshqa ommabop auditoriya tavsiflarida keng tan olingan termoyadro qurollari.

1950 yillar davomida ko'plab mamlakatlar yadro urushi bo'lgan taqdirda aholiga yordam berish uchun mo'ljallangan yirik fuqaro mudofaasi dasturlarini ishlab chiqdilar. Ular orasida AQSh filmi kabi ommabop ommaviy axborot vositalari orqali ommalashgan boshpanalarga tushish uchun evakuatsiya mashqlari mavjud; O'rdak va qopqoq. Ushbu mashg'ulotlar juda bo'sh ko'chalar tasviri va maktab stoli tagida yadro bombasidan yashirinish faoliyati bilan keyinchalik bunday qurollar tomonidan yaratilgandek va umumiy taqdirning ramziga aylanadi. Ba'zi amerikaliklar hovli qurishdi yiqilib tushadigan boshpanalar, bu to'g'ridan-to'g'ri zarbadan ozgina himoya qiladi, ammo shamol esib turmaydi qatordan chiqib ketish, bir necha kun yoki haftalar davomida (hech qachon yadro qurolini qo'lga kiritmagan Shveytsariya, garchi u ilgari texnologik jihatdan murakkab bo'lsa ham Pokiston yoki Shimoliy Koreya, aholisining aksariyatini yadroviy urushdan himoya qiladigan yadroviy portlash boshpanalarini qurdi.)[9][10]

1950-yillarda vodorod bombalari ishlab chiqilganidan keyin va ayniqsa ommaviy va keng ommalashtirilganidan keyin Bravo qal'asi 1954 yilda AQSh tomonidan sinov avariyasi tarqaldi yadro qulashi katta maydonda va kamida bitta yapon baliqchisining o'limiga olib kelganida, "cheklangan" yoki "omon qoladigan" yadro urushi g'oyasi tobora ko'proq yadro urushi barcha tsivilizatsiyaning potentsial zudlik bilan tugashini anglatishini anglash bilan almashtirildi: aslida, yadroviy kuchlarning aniq strategiyasi chaqirildi O'zaro ishonchli halokat. Yadro qurollari sinonimga aylandi qiyomat va bu ramz sifatida matbuot erkinligi bo'lgan xalqlar madaniyati orqali aks-sado berdi. Kabi bir nechta mashhur romanlar - masalan Afsuski, Bobil va Sohilda - yadro urushi oqibatlarini tasvirlab berdi. Bir nechta ilmiy fantastika kabi romanlar Leybovits uchun Canticle, uzoq muddatli oqibatlarini o'rganib chiqdi. Stenli Kubrik film Doktor Strangelove yoki: Qanday qilib tashvishlanishni to'xtatish va bombani sevishni o'rgandim voqealarni va mumkin bo'lgan fikrlarni satirik tarzda aks ettirgan boshlash yadro urushi.

Yadro qurollari ham tinchlik tashkilotlarining asosiy maqsadlaridan biridir. The CND (Yadro qurolsizlantirish kampaniyasi) "Bomba" ga qarshi kampaniyani olib borgan asosiy tashkilotlardan biri edi. Uning ramzi, ning kombinatsiyasi semafora zamonaviy "N" (yadro) va "D" (qurolsizlanish) uchun belgilar ommaviy madaniyat sifatida tinchlik belgisi.

San'atda

Atom qurollarining kuchi va vizual effektlari ko'plab rassomlarni ilhomlantirdi. Ba'zi e'tiborli misollarga quyidagilar kiradi:

Komediyada

Qo'ziqorin buluti a da hazil bilan muomala qilish uchun etarlicha tanish Les Pol reklama kampaniyasi.
  • Komediyachi / lirik muallif Tom Lehrer yadroviy qurolga oid bir qator kulgili va taniqli qo'shiqlarni qalamga oldi. Uning "Keyingi kim?" masalasini ko'rib chiqdi yadroviy tarqalish, turli millatlarning yadro qurollarini sotib olishini xronikalash, so'ngra "Keyingi kim" mavzusida nazariyani yaratish Lyuksemburg, Monako va Alabama yadroviy kuchga aylanishBarchamiz borganimizda birga boramiz "ning yorqin tomoniga qaradi yadroviy qirg'in (boshqalarning o'limi uchun motam tutishning hojati yo'q, chunki "agar sizga tushadigan bomba do'stlaringiz va qo'shnilaringizga ham tushsa, qayg'uradigan hech kim qolmaydi"). Bu butun sayyora bir zumda yadro olovi bilan tozalab tashlanadi va juda dahshatli g'oyani chetlab o'tishni taxmin qiladi. radiatsion zaharlanish. Lehrerning "So Long Mom (Uchinchi Jahon Urushidan Qo'shiq)" deb nomlangan uchinchi qo'shig'i, chunki "Agar biron bir qo'shiq chiqadigan bo'lsa Uchinchi jahon urushi, ularni yozishni hoziroq boshlaganimiz ma'qul "va yosh askarning yadro urushi tomon ketayotgani haqidagi hikoyasini aytib berib, onasiga" Garchi men sayr qilsam ham, uyimga qaytib kelaman "deb va'da berdi. "va shuningdek, katta yadroviy urushning juda qisqa muddatini kinoya qilish (" Va urush tugashi bilan sizni qidiraman / bundan bir yarim soat keyin! ").
  • "G'alati Al" Yankovich shuningdek, o'z qo'shig'ida yadroviy qirg'in haqida engil fikr bildirdi.Ground Zero-da Rojdestvo "," qo'ziqorin buluti ostida quvnoq bayram "tasvirlangan.

Badiiy adabiyotda, kinoda va teatrda

Shuningdek qarang: Yadro muammolariga bag'ishlangan filmlar ro'yxati
  • Yadro qurollari asosiy element hisoblanadi ilmiy fantastika romanlar. "Atom bombasi" iborasi ularning mavjudligidan oldinroq bo'lgan H. G. Uells ' Dunyo ozod bo'ldi (1914) olimlar radioaktiv parchalanish atom zarralari ichida qulflangan potentsial cheksiz energiyani nazarda tutganligini aniqladilar (Uellsning atom bombalari odatdagi portlovchi moddalar kabi kuchli edi, lekin bir necha kun portlashni davom ettiradi). Robert A. Xaynlayn 1940 yil Qaror qoniqarsiz pozitsiyalar radioaktiv chang AQSh Ikkinchi Jahon urushini tugatish uchun halokat dasturida ishlab chiqadigan qurol sifatida; changning mavjudligi urushdan keyingi dunyoda keskin o'zgarishlarga olib keladi. Cleve Cartmill 1944 yilgi ilmiy-fantastik hikoyasida zanjir reaktsiyasi tipidagi yadro bombasini bashorat qilgan "Topshirish muddati; tugatish muddati "ga olib keldi Federal qidiruv byurosi xavfsizlikni buzilishi mumkinligidan xavotirlanib, uni tergov qilmoqda Manxetten loyihasi (qarang Silverberg).
  • Yadro qurollarining ko'plab xususiyatlarining o'zi insoniyatning azaliy mavzularida va troplarida (penetratsion nurlar, doimiy ifloslanish, bepushtlik va, albatta,) o'ynagan. qiyomat ), ularning ommaviy madaniyat va siyosatdagi mavqeini, ayniqsa, hissiy valentlikka ega (ijobiy va salbiy). Masalan, kitob Quyoshsiz dengizgacha (1979 yilgi roman) qirg'indan keyingi muhitda, chunki tirik qolganlarning so'nggi samolyotlaridan biri nima bo'lishi mumkin, u qo'nishga joy topishga harakat qiladi.
  • Yadro qurollari hatto bolalarning ishlarida ham aks etgan: Sariyog 'jang kitobi, tomonidan Doktor Seuss, oldini olish va qurollanish poygasi bilan shug'ullanadi.
  • Men qo'rquvda yashayman, 1955 yil rejissyorlik qilgan yapon filmi Akira Kurosava, yadro urushidan qo'rqqan va yadro qurolining psixologik ta'sirini engish uchun eng dastlabki filmlardan biri bo'lgan yaponiyalik tadbirkor haqida.
  • Ko'pgina filmlar, ularning ba'zilari romanlarga asoslangan bo'lib, yadro urushi yoki uning tahdidi haqida hikoya qiladi. Godzilla (1954), ba'zi odamlar Yaponiyaga tashlangan yadroviy qurolga o'xshashlik deb hisoblashadi, tanishishdan oldin yana bir film 20000 fathomdan kelgan hayvon mavjudotlar haqidagi umumiyroq janrdagi filmlarning boshlanishi mutatsiyaga uchragan yoki yadro sinovlari bilan uyg'ongan. Ular! (1954) (ulkan chumolilar yilda Los Anjeles kanalizatsiya) shunga o'xshash asosga asoslanadi. Ajoyib qisqaruvchi odam (roman) (film, 1957) yapon baliqchisining haqiqiy nurlanish hodisasi asosida bomba sinovi bilan nurlangan dengizchidan boshlanadi. Yilda Leybovits uchun Canticle (roman, film yo'q, 1959) oldingi urush "Olov toshqini" nomi bilan tanilgan; Sohilda (1957-yilgi roman, 1959-yilgi film, 2000-yilgi televizion mini-seriallar) eng mashhuri, insoniyatning oxiri yadro urushi haqidagi ommabop fikrlash mavzusiga aylangan; Yakuniy urush (Yaponiya, 1960) AQSh Janubiy Koreyani tasodifan bombardimon qilganidan keyin yadroviy urush boshlanadi. 1962 yilgi film Bu sinov emas yadro hujumidan bir necha daqiqa oldin bir guruh odamlarning reaktsiyalari va hissiyotlariga murojaat qiladi.
  • O'sha davrdagi ba'zi badiiy asarlarning madaniy asarlarga ta'siri bo'lgan. Xerman Kan innovatsion badiiy bo'lmagan kitob Termoyadro urushi to'g'risida, (1961) yadroviy urushning turli xil stsenariylarini, shu jumladan "Qiyomat kuni mashinasi "tomonidan tasvirlangan" fikr tajribasi " Leo Szilard birinchisidan keyin Teller-Ulam termoyadroviy qurol sinovi (1952), ammo 1954 yilda nisbatan kichik, etkazib beriladigan termoyadroviy qurollar ishlab chiqarilgan). 1964 yilgi film Doktor Strangelove yoki: Qanday qilib tashvishlanishni to'xtatish va bombani sevishni o'rgandim "Qiyomat kuni mashinasi" memidan ilhomlangan va bemalol, qora komediya edi Piter Jorj 1958 yilgi roman Qizil ogohlantirish. (Menand, 2005). Keyinchalik Jorj romanini yozdi Doktor Strangelove, unda ssenariyning harakati insoniyatning o'limiga olib keladigan voqealarni qayta tiklaydigan musofirlarning hikoyasi bilan tasvirlangan. Muvaffaqiyatsiz (1962 yilgi roman) (1964 yilgi film) (jonli televizion remeyk 2000) AQSh havo kuchlari muvaffaqiyatsizlikka uchraganidan keyin Moskvaning tasodifiy termoyadro bombardimonini tasvirlaydi. Strategik havo qo'mondonligi yadroviy buyruq berish va boshqarish tizimi. Bedford voqeasi, 1965 yildagi xuddi shu nomdagi roman asosida 1965 yilda suratga olingan film, uzoq Shimoliy Atlantika okeanidagi qirg'in o'rtasidagi dengiz mushuklari va sichqonlarining keskin o'yinini tasvirlaydi. USS Bedford va Sovet dengiz osti kemasi Grenlandiya hududiy suvlarini buzgan holda ushlangan. Roman shunday tugaydi Bedford tasodifan olov ASROC suv osti kemasida raketa va Sovet dengiz osti kemasi to'rtta yadroviy torpedani otish bilan javob beradi. Urush o'yini (BBC TV filmi, 1965) edi a maketli yadro urushining Angliyaga ta'siri haqida film. Per Bullning 1963 yilgi romani Maymunlar sayyorasi insoniyatni vayron qilgan yadro urushidan keyin maymunlar tomonidan boshqariladigan uzoq kelajakdagi Yerga o'rnatildi; roman xuddi shu nomdagi filmga moslashtirilib, to'rtta davomini keltirib chiqardi. Jin ursin xiyoboni (1977), filmning moslashuvi Rojer Zelazniy qisqa hikoya. sovuqni ishga tushirish va yo'q qilish ketma-ketligini namoyish etdi, so'ng vayron bo'lgan Amerika bo'ylab yurish; Taiyō o Nusunda Otoko / Quyoshni o'g'irlagan odam (1979), Shamol esganda (Britaniya grafika romani 1982, animatsion film 1986) - bu o'rtacha yoshdagi ingliz juftligi Jim va Xildaning sodda deb o'ylaydigan juftligi Uchinchi jahon urushi bundan ham yomon bo'lmaydi Ikkinchi jahon urushi. Maxsus byulleten Janubiy Karolina shtatidagi Charlston shahrida uy qurilgan yadro moslamasini portlatayotgan yadroga qarshi faollar haqida 1983 yilda televizor uchun yaratilgan film edi, film jonli efirda namoyish etilgan yangiliklar shou formatida suratga olingan.
Keyingi kun yadroviy urushni real tasviri va televizion film uchun poydevor yaratuvchi maxsus effektlari bilan mashhur bo'ldi.
  • Keyingi kun (1983) AQSh va Sovet Ittifoqi o'rtasida yadro urushining boshlanishini Amerika tuprog'ida grafika portlashlari bilan tasvirlanganligi sababli, o'sha paytdagi siyosatchilar tomonidan tok-shou va sharhlar uchun ozuqa bo'lgan "televizor uchun tayyorlangan" film edi. hujum va taxmin qilingan siyosiy sabablar. Ahd (1983), Ikkinchi Jahon Urushidan keyin Kaliforniyadagi kichik shaharchada omon qolish haqida urushdan keyingi yana bir tasavvur; WarGames (1983), bir yoshning xususiyatlari kompyuter xaker u Uchinchi Jahon Urushini kim bilmasdan xayoliy hayotga kirib ketganda boshlaydi NORAD superkompyuter so'nggi video o'yinlarni o'ynash uchun WOPR (War Operation Plan Response) deb nomlangan; Terminator (4 ta film, 1984, 1991, 2003, 2009) postokaliptik kelajakda sun'iy intellekt o'zini o'zi anglab yetgan, barcha odamlarni tahdid deb bilgan va insoniyatni yo'q qilish uchun olamlarning yadro qurolidan foydalangan. (Barchasi Jeyms Kemeron 1986 yildan 1994 yilgacha bo'lgan filmlar yadro portlashlari bilan bog'liq); Qizil Dawn (1984) film, rejissyor Jon Milius Sovet / Nikaragua / Kuba bosqini va bosib olinishi AQShga kutilmagan yadroviy zarbadan so'ng (1984), Mad Max (4 ta film, 1979–2015), avstraliyalik avtoulov patrul xodimi zo'ravonlikdan so'ng apokaliptik xarobada yuribdi. Shisha ko'rinishini hisoblash, (1984) "dokudrama" xalqaro voqea, diplomatiyaning buzilishi, yadroviy inqirozga olib keladigan xalqaro ziddiyatlarning kuchayishi, quruqlik va dengizdagi jangovar xarobalarning chiqib ketishini ko'rsatadi va prezident havoga ko'tarilgan E bilan tugaydi. -4 buyruq posti ("Ko'zoynak oynasi") va Favqulodda eshittirish tizimini faollashtirish va havo hujumi sirenalari. Manxetten loyihasi (1986), aslida haqida emas Manxetten loyihasi ammo qanday qilib, o'g'irlangan plutoniydan foydalangan holda, o'rta maktab o'quvchisi ilmiy dars loyihasi uchun atom bombasini quradi. Iplar (BBC televideniesi 1984 yilda ishlab chiqarilgan, 1985 yilda ko'rsatilgan), Britaniya hukumatining mashqlari asosida Kvadrat oyoq, Buyuk Britaniyaning Angliya, Sheffild shahriga butun yadro urushining ta'sirini ko'rsatadi. Loyiha X (1987) maxsus o'qitilgan shimpanzalarning kompyuterlashtirilgan parvoz simulyatorlarida qanday ishlashiga oid yadroviy nurlanishning o'lim ta'sirini sinash bilan shug'ullanadi (haqiqiy asosida AQSh havo kuchlari biomedikal tadqiqot dasturi). Yilda Mo''jizaviy mil (1988) Los-Anjelesning "Miracle Mile" hududiga tashrif buyurgan musiqachi noto'g'ri raqamli telefon qo'ng'irog'ini oladi va fonda Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlariga yadroviy hujum yaqinlashishi haqida suhbatni eshitadi. Hujum oldidan rad etish, chalkashlik, qo'rquv va vahima paydo bo'ladi, chunki qahramon o'zini va kun oldin uchrashgan ayolni qutqarish uchun tirishmoqda. Tongning erta nurlari bilan (1990) AQShning Sovet Ittifoqi bilan Sovet Ittifoqi o'rtasida Rossiyaning ultra-millatchi terrorchilarining AQShning Turkiyadagi bazasidan boshlangan "soxta bayroq" hujumidan keyin va ular kirib kelmasdan oldin jangovar harakatlarni to'xtatishga qaratilgan tasodifiy cheklangan yadro almashinuvini tasvirlaydi. butunlay yadroviy urush. Singan o'q (1996) shafqatsiz AQSh bombardimonchi uchuvchisi tomonidan ikkita termoyadro qurolining o'g'irlanishi tasvirlangan. ("Singan o'q "bu yadro urushi xavfini tug'dirmaydigan tasodifiy yadroviy voqea uchun harbiy jargondir; filmda tasvirlangan ishchi yadro qurollarini o'g'irlash haqiqatan ham"Bo'sh titroq "AQSh Mudofaa vazirligi tomonidan.).
  • 1984 yilgi kitob To'rtinchi bayonnoma tomonidan Frederik Forsit va uning 1987 yil filmi yolg'iz va o'ta Sovet hukumati elementlari tomonidan bir tomonlama Britaniya qurolsizlanishini rag'batlantirish rejasini tasvirlab bering. Ular kichik taktik yadroviy bomba tarkibiy qismlarini Buyuk Britaniyaga noqonuniy ravishda olib o'tishadi, Umumiy saylovlardan bir hafta oldin ularni Amerika yadro bazasi yaqinida yig'ish va oxir-oqibat portlatish uchun yig'adigan chuqur yopiq rus josusiga.
  • The Jeyms Bond filmlarda yadro quroli atrofidagi fitnalar ham borligi ma'lum. Kabi filmlar Momaqaldiroq (1965), Siz faqat ikki marta yashaysiz (1967), Olmoslar abadiydir (1971), Meni sevgan josus (1977), Sakkizoyoq (1983), Ertaga hech qachon o'lmaydi (1997) va Dunyo etarli emas (1999) yadro qurolini o'z ichiga oladi. Ba'zilar tahdid ostida foydalanish yoki o'g'irlik atrofida, boshqalari esa super kuchlar o'rtasidagi kelishmovchilikka asoslangan. Bond vaqt o'tishi bilan tahdidning oldini oladi, garchi qurol-yarog 'portlatilsa Meni sevgan josus ikkita "Polaris" raketasi har biri dengizda o'g'irlangan atom suvosti kemasini yo'q qilganda, mos ravishda Britaniya va Rossiya. Biroq, bular dunyo aholisiga yoki erlariga zarar etkazmaydi, har bir o'g'irlangan suvosti kemasida faqat yomon odam ekipajlarini o'ldiradi. Yilda Oltin barmoq (1964) titulli antagonist (yordami bilan Xitoy va Shimoliy Koreya G'arbda iqtisodiy qulashni istagan agentlar) AQSh fuqarosini nurlantirishga urinishlar oltin zahiralari Noks-Fort o'z zaxirasining qiymatini oshirish maqsadida atom bombasi bilan. Yomon odam Sakkizoyoq (1983) qurolsizlanish bo'yicha muzokaralarga qarshi bo'lgan kuch-g'ayratli sovet generali edi NATO Afg'oniston va Hindiston kontrabandachilariga yordam bergan G'arbiy Evropani yashirin joylashtirish va tasodifan yadroviy qurolni portlatishdan keyin bosib olish uchun uydirma fitna uyushtirmoqda. AQSh havo kuchlari baza G'arbiy Germaniya. GoldenEye (1995) kuchli quvvatni chiqaradigan sun'iy yo'ldosh quroliga e'tibor qaratadi elektromagnit impuls u portlagan har qanday hududga hujum qilish, elektron sxemasi bilan hamma narsani yo'q qilish. Yadro qurollari atrofida aylanadigan fitnalarga moyilligi soxta filmlar seriyasida kuzatilgan Ostin Pauers Antagonist doktor Evil turli xil yovuzliklarni ko'rib chiqib, nihoyat shunday dedi: "Keling, har doimgidek qilaylik; yadroviy bomba o'g'irlab, dunyoni to'lov uchun ushlab turing".
  • Yadro qurollari bilan bog'liq tarixiy voqealar haqida bir nechta xayoliy ma'lumotlar mavjud. Masalan, Manxetten loyihasining o'zi 1989 yilgi teatr filmida ham tasvirlangan Semiz odam va kichkina bola va biroz chuqurroq, 1989 yilda chiqarilgan CBS televizion film Birinchi kun.Oktyabrning raketalari (ABC TV 1974) filmlari va o'n uch kun teatrlashtirilgan namoyish (2000) 1962 yilgi Kubadagi raketa inqirozining keskinligini Pres nuqtai nazaridan dramatizatsiya qiladi. Kennedi kabinet.
  • Sovuq urush tugaganidan beri, muqobil tarix ba'zi inqirozlar uchun yadroviy urush qanday paydo bo'lishi mumkinligini ko'pincha ko'rsatib berdi. 1998 yilda nemis-amerikalik maketli Der dritte Weltkrieg, Mixail Gorbachyov 1989 yil oktyabr oyida Sharqiy Germaniyaga tashrifi chog'ida ishdan bo'shatilgan, shundan so'ng yangi qat'iy hukumat bularni zo'rlik bilan bostiradi yoki oldindan himoya qiladi 1989 yilgi inqiloblar va tasodifiy yadro almashinuviga olib keladigan ko'rinadigan odatiy urushni boshlaydi; Film Gorbachyovni Sharqiy Berlinda namoyish etish uchun orqaga qaytadi va shodlik sahnalari bilan tugaydi "boshqa yo'l "yozilgan tarix.
  • 2013 yilda Nima bo'lsa ... Armageddon 1962 yil, Jon Kennedi o'ldirildi oldin Prezident bo'lish (tomonidan o'ldirilgan qotil bo'lishi mumkin uning hujumini tushunganidan keyin asabini yo'qotgan Kennedining rafiqasi va bolalarini o'ldiradi) va Lindon B. Jonson boshchiligida Kuba raketa inqirozi Sovet Ittifoqiga har tomonlama yadroviy hujumga olib keladi.
  • Televizion seriyaning ikkinchi mavsumi 24 o'z ichiga oladi Musulmon Meksika chegarasi orqali noqonuniy ravishda yadro bombasini olib o'tayotgan va Los-Anjelesda portlatishni rejalashtirgan terrorchilar. To'rtinchi mavsumda, bir qator terroristik hujumlardan so'ng, bir guruh islomiy terrorchilar yadro qurolini qo'lga kiritadilar va ishga tushiradilar qanotli raketa Los-Anjelesda. Oltinchi mavsum, shuningdek, yadro qurolini asosiy mavzu sifatida o'z ichiga oladi, terrorchilar guruhi beshta yadrodan foydalanish imkoniyatiga ega chamadon bombalari.
  • Oddiy va "takomillashtirilgan" (fantastik ilg'or texnologiyalarni qo'llash orqali) yadro qurollari badiiy filmda qo'llaniladi Yulduzlar darvozasi va tegishli teleseriallar Stargate SG-1 va Yulduzlar darvozasi Atlantis.
  • The Tom Klensi roman va film Barcha qo'rquvlarning yig'indisi Islomiy terrorchilar tomonidan kelib chiqqan yadroviy portlashni tasvirlaydi Denver (roman) yoki neo-natsistlar tomonidan Baltimor (film).
  • Kino Sohilda yadro urushi girdobiga asoslangan. Asl romanida urush sabab bo'lgan "katalitik urush" sifatida boshlanadi Misrlik Rossiya tomonidan qurilgan bombardimonchi samolyotlarda Vashingtonni yo'q qilgan aviachilar, ularga qarshi qasos olishga sabab bo'lgan Sovet Ittifoqi va umumiy yadro almashinuvi. In 2000 yil Avstraliyaning qayta qurilishi ning Sohilda, o'rtasida yadro urushi olib boriladi Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari va Xitoy Xalq Respublikasi Xitoy bosqini tufayli Tayvan.
  • Komiksda Ko'rinmas narsalar, yozuvchi Grant Morrison Oppengeymerga "Olamlarni yo'q qiluvchisi" so'zini tasavvufiy ibora sifatida va portlash momentini sehrli marosimning bir qismi sifatida ishlatgan. Rol o'ynash o'yini GURPS Technomancer bu mavzuni takrorlaydi, Oppenheimer o'z xohish-irodasi bilan uchlikdagi dunyoga sehr chiqaradigan nekromantik marosimni yakunlaydigan muqobil tarixni tasvirlaydi. CBS televizion dramasi Erixo (2006) AQShning yirik shaharlariga qilingan yadroviy hujumdan so'ng aloqa va eng zarur buyumlarsiz qolgan kichik shaharchaga qaratilgan. 2006 yilgi film Tepaliklarning ko'zlari bor tarkibida konchilar avlodlari guruhi mavjud Nyu-Meksiko Atom sinovlari natijasida hosil bo'lgan radiatsiya tufayli genetik mutatsiyaga uchragan cho'l va bu hududdagi sayohatchilarni jabrlanuvchidan foyda ko'rgan benzin stantsiyasi egasi tepaliklarda o'z konlariga tortib olishgan. zargarlik buyumlari.
  • Shuningdek, yadro qurolini yaratish mavzusida bir qator spektakllar namoyish etildi. Maykl Frayn "s Toni mukofoti - g'olib Kopengagen (1998), masalan, fizik nigohi bilan yadro qurolini yaratish axloqiy va dastlabki tarixini o'ylaydi Nil Bor, uning rafiqasi Margarete va uning sobiq o'quvchisi Verner Geyzenberg. Shveytsariyalik dramaturg Fridrix Dyurrenmatt Xirosimadan keyingi dunyoda olimlarning javobgarligi to'g'risida 1961 yilgi satirasida aniq murojaat qildi, Die Physiker. Amerikalik fizik va "atom bombasining otasi" ning paydo bo'lishi va qulashi J. Robert Oppengeymer bir qator spektakllarning mavzusi va ilhomlantiruvchisi bo'lgan.Xaynar Kipphardt "s Materiyada J. Robert Oppengeymer (1964), PBS-ning American Playhouse-ning 7 qismi "Oppenheimer" (1982),[12] va hatto opera, Doktor atom (2005).
  • Yilda Indiana Jons va Kristall Boshsuyagi Qirolligi (2008), 1957 yilda tashkil etilgan Indiana Jons o'zini atom sinovidan oldin Nevada poligonida topadi. Sovet askarlari ta'qibidan u havo hujumi sirenasini eshitganda shahar atrofi shaharchasiga o'xshash hududga kirib bordi, keyin atom portlashiga bir necha soniya qolganini anglab etdi, shuning uchun o'zini qo'rg'oshin bilan ishlangan muzlatgichga qamab qo'ydi . Portlash muzlatgichni xavfsiz masofaga silkitadi, u erda Jons jiddiy jarohatlarsiz paydo bo'ladi.
  • Uchinchi qism Yo'qotilgan'beshinchi mavsum "Jughead ", Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari harbiylari 1954 yilda orolga Jughead nomli vodorod bombasini olib kelganligini aniqladilar; harbiy qo'shinlar tomonidan o'ldirilgan boshqalar va bomba qo'lga olindi. Vaqt sayohat Daniel Faraday Boshqalarni u radioaktiv moddadan oqib chiqayotgan bombani zararsizlantirish uchun yuborilgan harbiy ilmiy guruhning bir qismi ekanligiga ishontiradi, ammo oxir-oqibat ularning a'zolaridan biriga bomba qo'rg'oshin yoki beton bilan muhrlangandan keyin er ostiga ko'milishi kerakligini aytadi va buni tushuntirib beradi bu natija berishini biladi, chunki 50 yil o'tgach, orol hali ham butun bo'lib, hech qachon yadro portlashida yo'q qilinmagan. Biroq, 1977 yilda bomba kelajakni o'zgartirish umidida voqeani to'xtatish uchun ishlatilgan.
  • Filmda Kelajakka qaytib, Marti Makfayl, 1955 yilda namoyish qilmoqda Doc Brown Marti va bo'lajak Doc Braun radiatsion kostyum kiygan 1985 yilda ishlab chiqarilgan video. Dok Braun, radiatsiya kostyumlari o'zini va Martini "barcha atom urushlaridan" tushishidan himoya qilish uchun kiyilgan deb taxmin qilmoqda (ehtimol 1955 yilgi Doc Braun Sovuq Urush davrida yashayotganiga ishora qiladi).
  • 2004 yilda teleseriallarni qayta tasavvur qilishda Battlestar Galactica, yadro qurollari inson va silon kuchlarining arsenalida takrorlanadigan quroldir, garchi klonlar o'n ikkita sayyoradagi deyarli barcha hayotni yo'q qilib, o'n ikkita mustamlakani yadro quroli bilan bombardimon qilganda qurolni ulkan kuchda ishlatadilar. Da Galaktika vayron qilingan o'n ikki koloniyadan qochib qutulgandan ko'p o'tmay, beshta yadroviy kallakka ega ekanligi aytilgan,[13] (garchi keyinchalik oltitani olib yurish ko'rsatilgan bo'lsa ham,[14] ehtimol Battlestardan bir nechta berilgan Pegasus), Cylons noma'lum raqamga ega, garchi o'n ikki mustamlakani vayron qilish uchun ishlatilgan juda ko'p sonli nukuslarni hisobga olsak, ularning minglab egalari ekanligi taxmin qilinmoqda.
  • Yilda "8-qism" (Twin Peaks), Uchlik yadro sinovi tug'ilishni osonlashtiradi Qotil BOB va kontseptsiyasi Laura Palmer The Fireman tomonidan, teleserial voqealariga etakchi va Egizak cho'qqilar: Yong'in men bilan birga.

Adabiyotda va kitoblarda

Shuningdek qarang: Yadro muammolari haqida kitoblar ro'yxati
  • Uolter Miller, kichik Leybovits uchun Canticle Yadro urushi jamiyatni vahshiylikka duchor qilganidan keyin inson bilimlarini saqlab qolish uchun tashkil etilgan rohiblarning buyrug'i tarixiga amal qiladi. Olim Isaak Edvard Leybovits bu buyurtmani asos solgan va kontrabanda kitoblari uchun shahid bo'lgan. Uzoq umr ko'rgan yahudiy kishi shunday bo'lishiga ishora qildi Betani shahridagi Avliyo Lazar yoki Sankt Leybovits bir necha asrlar davomida kamida uch marta paydo bo'ladi. Roman oxirida tsivilizatsiya yadro qurolini qayta kashf etadi. Leybovitsning buyrug'i, boshqa yulduz atrofida sayyoraga yetim bolalari va yangi cherkovning yadrosi, tsivilizatsiyani saqlab qolish uchun, chunki butun dunyo hayoti so'nggi yadroviy urush paytida vafot etadi.
  • Supermen: 1944 yil Lex Lyutor Supermenga qarshi atom bombasidan foydalanganligi haqidagi voqea urush departamenti tomonidan 1946 yilgacha to'xtatilgan. Keyinchalik bu yaxshi hiyla-nayrang bo'lishi mumkinligi eslatib o'tildi.[15] Rassom Ueyn Zerikarli "Supermen atom bombasini sinovdan o'tkazadi!" uchun qopqoq Harakatli prikollar # 101 (1946 yil oktyabr).[16]
  • Qilich baliqlarining siri tomonidan Edgar P. Jakobs, ning birinchi albomi Belgiya chiziq chizig'i Bleyk va Mortimer, 20-asrni tasvirlaydi Jahon urushi unda xayoliy Osiyo "Sariq imperiyasi" deyarli butun dunyoni zabt etadi. Bu Sariq imperiya poytaxtining yo'q qilinishi bilan tugaydi, imperator esa yadro qurolini ishga tushirishni rejalashtirmoqda. Vaqt tuzog'i va G'alati uchrashuv, keyinchalik Bleyk va Mortimerning albomlari, vaqt sayohati va Yer yadro urushi tufayli vayron bo'lgan kelajak bilan bog'liq.
  • Qo'riqchilar tomonidan Alan Mur muqobil tarixda AQSh va SSSR yadro urushiga xavfli ravishda yaqinlashadigan joyda o'rnatildi.
  • Kattalar uchun grafik roman Shamol esganda bolalar muallifi tomonidan Raymond Briggs termoyadro urushidan keyingi kunlarda nafaqaga chiqqan er-xotinni ta'qib qiladi.
  • Arc Light a texnotriller tomonidan Erik L. Garri Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari va Rossiya o'rtasida cheklangan yadro almashinuvi haqida.
  • Tongga buyruq bering[17] ning 1959 yildagi uydirishidir Manxetten loyihasi tomonidan Pearl S. Buck, g'olibi Adabiyot bo'yicha Nobel mukofoti.
  • "Emerald City Blues" - bu qisqa hikoya Stiv Boyett ning kuz 1988 yil sonida nashr etilgan Yarim tunda grafiti, tashlangan atom bombasining ta'sirini tasvirlab, yadroviy urush dahshatlarini namoyish etadi Oz; tushish o'ldiradi Doroti Geyl, qahramoni L. Frank Baum's Ozning ajoyib sehrgaridir.
  • 2020 yilgi roman Rog'un GES bayrog'i xayoliy senariy bilan shug'ullanadi, bu erda a mikronatsiya urush boshlash maqsadida AQSh, Frantsiya, Rossiya va Xitoydan yadro kallaklarini o'g'irlaydi. [18]
  • Bir nechta romanlar Deyl Braun yadro qurolidan asosiy fitna elementlari sifatida foydalanish. Ular orasida Sky Masters, unda Xitoy harbiy kemasi a taktik yadro quroli Janubiy Xitoy dengizidagi Filippin harbiy-dengiz kuchlarining maxsus guruhini yo'q qilish; yilda Halokatli er, Xitoy hujumlarni boshlaydi Tayvan va boshqalar Andersen aviabazasi yilda Guam yadro qurollari bilan; Buyruq zanjirlari Ukraina va Ruminiyadagi aerodromlarga Rossiyaning yadroviy hujumini tasvirlaydi. Keyinchalik, Ukraina yadroviy qurol bilan Rossiya bunkerini yo'q qiladi. Hujum rejasi, AQShning aviabazalariga, Rossiya shtab-kvartirasining bombardimonchi hujumi Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlarining strategik qo'mondonligi va Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlarining yadro quroliga ega bo'lgan bir nechta shaharlari, hujum uchun qasos olish uchun Engels aviabazasi oldingi romanda tasvirlangan, Havo jangovar kuchlari.
  • Yaponlar manga Yalangoyoq Gen, tomonidan yozilgan Keyji Nakazava va an-ga moslashtirilgan Anime xuddi shu nom bilan, 1945 yilda Yaponiyaning Xirosima shahri va atrofida bo'lib o'tdi, u erda olti yoshli Gen oilasi bilan yashaydi. Xirosima atom bombasi bilan vayron qilinganidan keyin Gen va boshqa omon qolganlar oqibatlarni bartaraf etishlari kerak. Hikoya Nakazavaning Xirosimadan omon qolgani kabi tajribalariga asoslangan.
  • Mangga va anime franshizasi Hokuto no Ken (Shimoliy Yulduzning mushti) 1990 yilgi yadroviy urushdan so'ng, mutantlar va zolim jang san'ati ustalarining jangovar bog'ichlari tomonidan boshqariladigan tashlandiq joydan keyin alternativa kelajakda sodir bo'ladi.
  • Enderning o'yini begona Formics bilan urush paytida yadro qurolini "Makka nukingi" ga va yadro qurolidan himoya texnologiyasiga - "qalqonlar uni endi hech kim yadroviy qurol bilan bezovta qilmasligi uchun qiladi" degan yozuvlar bilan foydalanadi.
  • Vodiy-Westside urushi tomonidan Garri Turtledov Qo'shma Shtatlar va AQSh o'rtasidagi yadroviy urushdan keyin o'rnatilgan muqobil tarixdir SSSR 1967 yilda; L.A. "s San-Fernando vodiysi ibtidoiy urushuvchi feodal davlatlar to'plamiga qisqartirildi.
  • Yilda Halo: Oniksning arvohlari belgi Kurt Oniks sayyorasida ikkita yadroviy kallakni portlatmoqda. Keyinchalik "NOVA bombasi" (maxsus korpusdagi bir nechta yadro qurilmalaridan tashkil topgan) Sangheili flotining bir qismini yo'q qildi va u joylashgan sayyora. Bundan tashqari, asosiy voqea sodir bo'lishidan o'nlab yillar oldin, Birlashgan Yer hukumati isyonkor Far-Isl mustamlakasini "yo'q qilish" uchun yadro qurolidan foydalanganligi eslatib o'tilgan.
  • O'n to'qqiz sakson to'rt, tomonidan yozilgan roman Jorj Oruell Buyuk Britaniyada ("Airstrip One" deb nomlanadi) joylashgan bo'lib, 1950 yillarda yadroviy urushdan so'ng yuzaga kelgan cheksiz mintaqaviy mojarolarda Yerni boshqarish uchun kurashayotgan uchta diktaturadan birining o'rni.
  • Y = Arctg X: Jahon tartibidagi giperbola tarixchi Maks Ostrovskiy tomonidan bayon etilgan makro-tarixiy va Ostrovskiy da'vo qilayotgan geopolitik kuchlar G'arbiy va Sharqiy yarim sharlar o'rtasida yadroviy urushga olib keladi va bu yadroviy apokalipsis yoki atom yadrosi bilan tugaydi. Jahon davlati.
  • C. S. Lyuis "s Narniya yilnomalari roman Sehrgarning jiyani xususiyatlari "Achinarli so'z ", yadroviy urushni ingichka pardali tanqid qilish." Tantanali marosimlar "bilan aytganda, bu dunyodagi barcha ma'ruzachidan tashqari barcha hayot shakllarini yo'q qiladi. Achinarli So'zning yagona ma'ruzachisi bu Oq jodugar, Jadis, avvalgi yovuz odam Narniya yilnomalari.
  • Jan-Xyug Oppelnikidir Réveillez le président! (frantsuz tilida, Éditions Payot et rivives, 2007 yil, ISBN  978-2-7436-1630-4) Frantsiya haqida yadro qurollari.
  • Temir tush tomonidan Norman Spinrad yadro urushidan 1142 yil o'tgach o'rnatildi. Romanning oxiriga yaqin qahramonlar yadro portlashining oldini ololmaydilar qiyomat kuni qurilmasi oldingi mojarodan qolgan.

Musiqada

Madaniyatning boshqa shakllari qatorida yadro quroli va urush mavzusiga oid ko'plab qo'shiqlar ham bo'lgan. Ularning aksariyati norozilik qo'shiqlari yoki ogohlantirish qo'shiqlari bo'lgan, boshqalari esa motifni umuman katta halokat degan ibora sifatida ishlatishadi.

Ba'zi mashhur yadroviy urush qo'shiqlariga quyidagilar kiradi: "99 Luftbolonlar "(1983) nemis guruhi tomonidan Nena, tasvirlangan tasodifiy yadro urushi dushman bombardimonchilari yoki raketalari bo'lgan sharlar guruhini aniqlaydigan erta ogohlantirish tizimi tomonidan boshlangan; va Bob Dilan "Qattiq yomg'ir yog'adi "(1963) filmi Kuba raketa inqirozidan bir oz oldin namoyish qilingan. Shuningdek, u o'zining 1964 yilgi albomining uchinchi treki sifatida chiqarilgan" Xudo bilan biz tomonda "qo'shig'ida yadro quroliga ishora qilgan. The Times ular a-changin '."Ammo hozir bizda qurol, kimyoviy chang bor ... agar ularni otib tashlasak, biz ularni majburlaymiz ... keyin ularni otishimiz kerak ...". Biroq, ko'p hollarda yadroviy urush haqidagi ishora aniq emas. Stilli Dan Albomda "Dunyo qiroli" Ecstasy-ga qaytish yadrodan keyingi dunyoni juda xira ko'rinishga keltiradigan ko'tarinki musiqa va juda yoqimsiz so'zlarning namunasidir.

Og'ir metall janr sifatida yadro urushi bilan shug'ullangan Qora shanba. Ularning klassiklari "Urush cho'chqalari "va"Elektr dafn marosimi "navbati bilan urush, siyosiy korruptsiya va atom xolokostini tasvirlaydigan birinchi metall qo'shiqlardan biri. Temir hizmatkor 1984 yildagi "Yarim tunga 2 daqiqa ", ularning albomidan Powerslave, bilan ishlaydi Qiyomat kuni soati, keyinchalik ularning "Ming Quyoshdan Yorug'roq" qo'shig'i, 2006 yilgi albomidan Hayot va o'lim masalasi, birinchi navbatda Manxetten loyihasi. Mavzu og'ir metallarda to'qsoninchi yillarning boshlarida davom etdi, ayniqsa trash metall subgenre. Metallika kabi yadroviy urush va siyosiy korruptsiya haqida ko'plab mashhur qo'shiqlarni yozgan ".Yong'in bilan olovga qarshi kurash ", "... Va hamma uchun adolat ", va"Qoraygan ". Megadet nomi "megadeath" atamasidan olingan bo'lib, yadro qurolidan bir million o'limni tavsiflash uchun ishlatilgan va ularning albom asarlari va qo'shiqlarining aksariyati yadro urushi va qurollari bilan bog'liq. Kabi boshqa trash guruhlari Sadom va Kuydirgi mavzusida bir qator qo'shiqlar ham yozgan. Ushbu janr hatto guruhlarni ilhomlantirdi Yadro hujumi va Warbringer mavzuni o'zlarining guruh nomlarida qabul qilish. Ushbu tendentsiya Sharqiy Evropa metallariga mashhur rus metallari guruhi bilan ham tarqaldi Aria "Oxirgi quyosh botishi" (Posledniy) qo'shig'ini yozish.

Yangi paydo bo'lgan pank harakat yadro urushi bilan bog'liq muammolarni aniq hal qildi. Ko'plab panklar aniq namoyish etilishi bilan pasifist dunyo nuqtai nazaridan yadroviy tiyilish va joylashtirishning an'anaviy donoligiga qarshi chiqish zarurati tug'ildi. Bunday kayfiyatning aksariyatini Britaniyaning pank-guruhlarida, ayniqsa, yangi paydo bo'lgan guruhlarda topish mumkin pank pank kabi kichik janr Amebix yoki Antisekt va tegishli anarxo-pank guruhlar yoqadigan subgenre Pushti hindularning oqimi yadro urushiga qarshi ekanliklarini aniq ko'rsatib berdi.

1980-yillarda yadro quroli va yadroviy urushni anglatuvchi ko'plab qo'shiqlar orasida "Manxetten loyihasi "(1985) guruh tomonidan Shoshiling, birinchi yadro quroliga olib keladigan tarixiy voqealarga juda ko'p tom ma'noda havola qilingan bir nechta qo'shiqlardan biri. Bundan tashqari, guruhda yadro urushi ehtimoli to'g'risida qo'shiq bor.Uzoqdan ogohlantirish ", videoda yadro bilan bog'liq tasvirlar mavjud.

Zulmatda orkestr manevralari 1980 yilgi qo'shiq "Enola Gay "1945 yilda Xirosimada yadroviy qurol joylashtirilgan voqealarni B29 Superfortress Bomber ekipaji nuqtai nazaridan tasvirlaydi Enola Gay. Bomba portlagan aniq vaqtga aniq havolalar keltiriladi ("Bu sakkiz o'n besh, va bu doim ham shunday bo'lgan") va harakatlar zarurmi yoki yo'qligi to'g'risida savollar beriladi. Qo'shiqda, shuningdek, ekipajning yadro portlashi natijasida hech qanday anomaliya bo'lmaganligi haqida taxmin qilingan radio xabariga havola qilingan ("Biz sizning xabaringizni radio orqali eshitdik - sharoit normal va siz uyga qaytasiz"); Amerika hukumati bomba tashlanishi bilan bog'liq har qanday radiatsiya kasalligi haqidagi mish-mishlarni rad etdi.

Alternativ rok-guruh 10000 manyaklar 1985 yil birinchi albomidagi "Grey Victory" qo'shig'ini chiqardi Istaklar kafedrasi, unda Enola Gey "tasodifiy etkazib berish" ni amalga oshirgan deb ta'riflanadi va atom bombasining Xirosimaga ta'sirini beparvolik bilan tasvirlaydi, ehtimol bu umumiy qabul va g'azabning yo'qligi tahdidi bilan yashayotgan asrga befarq javob sifatida. yadroviy falokat ("Iltimos, kelajakni barpo eting, azizim, bizning bombamiz bilan / Cherish va er bilan bog'langan shohlik kelishi uchun uni seving").

Guruh Pushti Floyd "nomli qo'shiq ishlab chiqardi.Quyosh botishida ikkita quyosh "bilvosita yadroviy hujumga ishora qiladi. Ushbu qo'shiq asosan urush mavzusidagi albomning oxirgisi edi Yakuniy kesish (1983). Bunga qo'chimcha, Rojer Uoters o'zining 1987 yakkaxon kontseptsiya albomida yadro urushi xavfi haqidagi sharhini davom ettirdi Radio K.A.O.S., bu erda simulyatsiya qilingan yadroviy zarba "To'rt daqiqa" qo'shig'ida ogohlantirish sifatida tasvirlangan.

1980 yilgi qo'shiq "Nafas olish "tomonidan Keyt Bush haqida a homila, bachadon tashqarisida nima sodir bo'layotganini va undan qo'rqqanini juda yaxshi biladi yadro qulashi. Trek yadro bombasining chaqnashini tavsiflovchi og'zaki so'zlarni o'z ichiga oladi.

Sting qo'shig'ini chiqardi "Ruslar " in 1985 directly addressing Cold War tensions and the policy of "Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD)". "Russians" was not only a humanized expression of the Cold War conflict, pitting the fate of actual people against political rhetoric, but expressed the deep misunderstanding of political forces in calculating ordinary people's aspirations to live in peace ("I hope the Russians love their children, too").

"To Have and to Hold" from the 1987 album Massalar uchun musiqa dan Depeche rejimi opens with an excerpt from Soviet broadcast, which can be translated as: "Evolution of nuclear arsenals and socially-psychological aspects of arms race is considered in these reports." When asked whether it was used to make a political statement, Alan Wilder said that the band didn't know what the phrase meant at the time of recording.[19]

Satirical artists such as Tom Lehrer va "G'alati Al" Yankovich have drawn upon the motif of nuclear war for humor in their songs (as discussed in the 'Comedy' section ).

The album cover for the single "O'smirlar "tomonidan Mening kimyoviy ishqim is a mushroom cloud. The image also appears in the video for the song.

The glam metall guruh Kafolat released a song off their 1992 album It yeyish it entitled "April 2031" which depicts life after a nuclear holocaust.

Ska pank-guruh RX qaroqchilari make a reference to Nuclear War in their song "Nugget" with the line "Its 3 Years til I'm 24 and i don't wanna die in a Nuclear War"

Irland rok-guruh U2 also named their 2004 album Atom bombasini qanday yo'q qilish kerak.

The song "Wendy Clear" from miltillovchi-182 1999 yilgi albom Davlatning klizmasi mentions a "nuclear device".

Linkin Park 2010 yilgi albom Ming quyosh bilan shug'ullanadi yadro urushi and themes of war in general.

Video o'yinlarda

  • Bir nechta RTS games have the possibility to use nuclear devices as "superweapons"; The Command & Conquer series, Empire Earth, Oliy qo'mondon va To'liq yo'q qilish are typical examples.
  • Several games, including Fallout 3, Ratchet & Clank ketma-ketligi va Haqiqiy emas series feature a tactical nuclear missile or grenade launcher that the player can find (or upgrade to) and use. This seems to be a reference to the real-life man-portable Davy Crockett tactical nuclear weapon.
  • Some games in the Ace Combat franchise feature nuclear weapons, the most prominent example being Ace Combat Zero: Belkan urushi where Belka, a fictional antagonist country, detonated seven nuclear warheads on its own territory to halt an Allied invasion.
  • Old yo'nalishlar: Urush yoqilg'isi includes the detonations of two tactical nuclear warheads to destroy American tank battalions.
  • Oyin Quvvat balansi, tomonidan yozilgan Kris Krouford and published in 1985 puts the player in the position of the Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Prezidenti yoki Bosh kotib ning Sovet Ittifoqi, with the goal of increasing "prestige", balanced out by the need to avoid a nuclear war, which ends the game.
  • Yilda Jang maydoni 3, the main antagonist, Solomon, buys three portable nuclear devices from Amir Kaffarov, a Russian arms dealer, and detonates one in Paris in the mission "Comrades" which kills 80,000 people. The player finds one of them in mission "Operation Guillotine", and the last one in the mission "The Great Destroyer". The player also sees the nuke detonating in Paris and a picture of its mushroom cloud in the starting cut scene of "Thunder Run".
  • Yilda Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2, Captain Price launches a nuclear missile out of a nuclear submarine - however, instead of attacking land, he detonates it in the stratosphere, destroying the Xalqaro kosmik stantsiya and creating an electro-magnetic pulse throughout the eastern seaboard of the United States in order to disable all invading Russian tech sources and turn the tide of battle in America's favor. Also, in multiplayer gameplay, a person that has received 25 kills (or 24 with the second tier perk upgrade called hardline) without dying can call in a "tactical nuke" to end the game. There is also a hidden game mode in multiplayer that is very difficult to access in any public multiplayer game, entitled Global Thermonuclear War, in which opposing teams fight for control of a backpack nuke and a mutual bomb site similar to the Demolition game mode; the nuclear bomb takes considerably longer for each team to plant, and after successful detonation of the device, the game ends similarly as it would if someone detonated a tactical nuke in normal gameplay outside of the hidden game mode.
  • Yilda Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3, the game's antagonist, Vladimir Makarov, captures the Russian president in an attempt to extract Russia's nuclear launch codes from him.
  • Yilda Call of Duty 4: Zamonaviy urush, a group of the warlord Al-Asad's forces in Saudiya Arabistoni under occupation by the USMC detonate a Russian yadro kallagi, annihilating themselves, the capital city and nearly the entire invading US Marine force. Later in the game, the USMC must work together with the SAS to stop two SS-27 Topol M missiles, loaded with MIRVs, sent by the Russian ultranationalist forces, from destroying eight BIZ shaharlar: Boston, Xartford, Nyu York, Filadelfiya, Richmond, Norfolk, Baltimor va Vashington, Kolumbiya - which would kill more than 40 million people.
  • The Sivilizatsiya seriyali features nuclear weapons as a possible area of research in their extensive "tech trees." A player must construct their own version of the Manxetten loyihasi to unlock the construction of nuclear weapons; afterward all players with sufficient technology can build nuclear weapons. In all versions of Sivilizatsiya the use of nuclear weapons destroys all units in the area that was attacked, pollutes the surrounding area, and contributes to Global isish. A nuclear attack on or near a city decreases the population of the city rather than annihilating it (Sivilizatsiya inqilobi has a single ICBM which can destroy cities and in Sivilizatsiya V, nuclear weapons will destroy a city with a population rating lower than 3). Umuman olganda Sivilizatsiya games, the use of nuclear weapons can result in harsh diplomatic penalties.
  • The Soviets in both Buyruq va g'olib: Qizil ogohlantirish va Buyruq va g'olib: Red Alert 2, the Brotherhood of Nod in Buyruq va g'olib va Buyruq va g'alaba 3: Tiberium urushlari, and the Chinese in Generallar can launch small tactical missiles to destroy key units and buildings, although the destruction is nowhere near its real-life counterpart. Biroq, ichida Qizil ogohlantirish one mission requires the player prevent a strategic nuclear strike on Paris, and in Qizil ogohlantirish 2, the Soviets successfully destroy Chicago with a large nuclear bomb. In the game's expansion pack, Yuriyning qasosi, the main villain nukes Sietl, Washington several times to extort money from a computer corporation. In a mod for C&C Generals Zero Hour, called 2015, Waste Land Conflict, the game features a nuke that is very realistic in damage and creates an EMP wave.
  • The 2006 game DEFCON by UK-based independent developer Introversion dasturi puts the player in charge of one of six world territories in a situation which inevitably deteriorates to global thermonuclear war. The game uses a graphical and audio style which deliberately evokes images from films such as WarGames, cited by the developers as a major inspiration. With the sense that nuclear war is being commanded by distant generals in deep underground bunkers using abstract images, the game gives an unsettling impression of how popular culture imagined nuclear war would look to the people responsible for starting it. Because "Everybody Dies", DEFCON is extremely difficult to win, as all sides will inevitably suffer nuclear attack. In the game's terminology, the victor is the player who 'loses the least'.
  • The Qatordan chiqib ketish series of computer games contains numerous direct and indirect allusions to yadroviy urushlar and potential yadroviy qirg'in, with a distinct 1950s sovuq urush uslubi. The games themselves are set in a post-nuclear war wasteland where human civilisation has been ended by a nuclear conflict between the US and China, and the main character of the first game is a 'Vault Dweller', a survivor from a self-contained yadroviy boshpana. The first two games contain devices resembling the Uchbirlik "Gadget" as central plot elements, and during one of the main quests in Fallout 3, the player must decide whether to detonate or disarm a nuclear bomb resembling the Semiz erkak in the center of a town called "Megaton."
  • Yilda Grand Theft Auto V, Doomsday Heist DLC ends with Avon Hertz, an American tech mogul, attempting to launch a nuclear missile from a secret launch facility hidden in Mount Chiliad, which the player has to stop.
  • Guerre Nucléaire (translates, from French, as Nuclear War) is an interactive fiction game. This text game is a simulation of a war between the USSR and USA.
  • Yilda Half-Life: Qarama-qarshi kuch, at the end of the game, Adrian Shephard is being transported in a helicopter away from Qora Mesa, hamrohligida G-Man. As G-Man says "The biggest embarrassment has been Black Mesa facility, but I think that's finally taken care of itself", there is a sudden flash of light visible, coming presumably from the direction of Black Mesa.
  • Ommabop Halo franchise of video games and novels, nuclear weapons, from the hand-held FURY-class taktik nuke to the planet-devastating NOVA Bomb, are used in both space and land combat by the United Nations Space Command.
  • Yilda Dovul qahramonlari, Blizzard's crossover video game, players can collect nuclear warheads to complete battleground objective, and launch them to devastate enemy base.
  • The flight simulator F/A 18, Korea Gold, includes nuclear strike missions using the B61 tactical thermonuclear weapon.
  • O'yinda Mass Effect the player character, Qo'mondon Shepard, uses a "repurposed" starship drive core to destroy an alien cloning facility, and recovers a human thermonuclear booby tuzoq of a human scout zond.
  • Yilda Mass Effect 3 a massive, two-millennia old Turian nuclear munition is uncovered by the human-supremacist group Cerberus, who proceed to attempt to detonate it in the densely populated area in which it had been left behind. The detonation is prevented by a Turian detaching the implosion array, which then harmlessly explodes.
  • Yilda Yollanma askarlar 2: Olovda dunyo, the main objective of the player is to obtain a yadroviy bunker to penetrate the main enemy's hardened bunker (after which the bomb can be purchased and used according to the player's wishes).
  • The Metall tishli qattiq Seriya tomonidan Konami, revolves around Metal Gear, a weapon described as a giant solo-operating tank capable of firing nuclear missiles at any target on the planet's surface.
  • Yilda Metal Gear Solid 3: Snake Eater the primary antagonist, Colonel Volgin, obtains two M-388 Davy Crockett nuclear rifles. He then uses one of them to destroy a secret weapons research laboratory and create a nuclear stand-off between Russia and the United States of America.
  • Oyin Metro 2033, a first-person shooter based on Dmitry Glukhovsky's novel of the same title, takes place in a nuclear war ravaged Moscow and its metro tunnels. Radiation has made the upper world toxic and has mutated the wildlife. The player, Artyom, can choose to spare the mutants or destroy them with nuclear missiles.
  • Yilda Metroid Prime 3: Korruptsiya, a mission requires Samus Aran, the game's main protagonist, to use her ship to collect 3 pieces of a thermonuclear bomb needed to break a force field blocking her way to a boss fight.
  • O'yinda Raketa qo'mondonligi the player must defend a city against a never ending series of incoming nuclear missiles.
  • Yilda Yadro zarbasi, the third level begins in Pyongyang, North Korea. It is revealed that a nuclear bomb has been smuggled inside Kim Il-sung's giant statue at Mansudae Hill and the player has to escort as many diplomats out of the city as possible before the bomb detonates.
  • O'yinda Yadro urushi, a turn-based strategy game, the player takes part of a satirical and cartoonish nuclear battle between five world powers.
  • Yilda Xalqlarning yuksalishi: taxtlar va vatanparvarlar you can access nuclear missiles once you are at an advanced enough age. Each launched nuke reduces the so-called "Armageddon timer" by 1, and when it reaches zero, the game instantly ends with "Armageddon", causing every player to lose the game. (Simulating the effects of a nuclear winter)
  • In a few Shin Megami Tensei titles, nuclear weapons have destroyed the world and became responsible for creating a dimensional rift that allowed demons to cross over.
  • 2007 yilda 4X -RTS Quyosh imperiyasining gunohlari the Trader Emergency Coalition (the game's "baseline human" faction, as opposed to ruhiy transhumanlar yoki musofirlar ) uses nuclear weapons fairly liberally, for space-to-space combat, including nuclear torpedoes for anti-structure attacks, and for planetary bombardment, including salted bombs.
  • O'yinda Splinter Cell: Double Agent there is a possible ending with two events where the player must disarm a nuclear bomb, one in the JBA headquarters, another on a boat. One of the mission failure scenes shows New York City being destroyed in an explosion.
  • Yilda Sport's Civilization stage, militaristic nations may use two types of nuclear weapon once certain prerequisites have been fulfilled - the Gadget Bomb, which can wipe out all structures of a city and capture it instantly, and the ICBM, which can be used to wipe out every nation on the planet simultaneously, winning the stage. The Gadget Bomb severely impacts international relations, and both weapons produce indestructible radioactive rubble.
  • In StarCraft seriyali, Terran can construct laser-guided nuclear missiles for Ghost units to deploy. Several locations in StarCraft's backstory were affected by nuclear attacks prior to the events of the game.
  • In ThirdWire series of combat flight simulators (Strike Fighters: Loyiha 1, and the games descended from it) there are several downloadable modification which allow the player to use nuclear weapons. Free falling bombs, air-to-surface missiles, air-to-air missiles, and air-to-air rockets are covered in these modifications. American, British, Russian and French weapons are provided (with the range of American weapons being the most comprehensive). A variety of effects packages are available to provide the appropriate visual representation of the nuclear explosion. Several of aircraft in the ThirdWire series were either designed as, or came to be used as nuclear weapons carrying aircraft including the F-101 Vudu, F-89 Chayon va B-29 superfortress.
  • In the RTS Oliy qo'mondon and its expansion pack Soxta ittifoq, all of the factions have strategic nuclear missiles. In addition, many nuclear-powered units explode with the blast of one.
  • O'yinlarda Sifon filtri: Omega shtammlari va asl nusxasi Sifon filtri both end with either the player or Gabe Logan having to disarm a nuclear missile.
  • Yilda Tom Klensining EndWar Saudi Arabia and Iran have destroyed each other with nuclear weapons, setting the basis for the storyline of the game.
  • O'yinda Qabrlar talon-taroj qiluvchisi the game's antagonist, Jaklin Natla, is released from her prison by a nuclear weapons test.
  • Uchbirlik edi a matn sarguzashtlari game that featured a plotline involving time travel to various sites related to nuclear weapons. Sarlavha Uchlik sinovi sayt.
  • O'yinlarda Tropiko 3, Tropico 4 va Tropiko 5, nuclear testing is available as edict.
  • Yilda Twisted Metal 4, o'ynaladigan belgi Kalipso drives a truck where its special attack is to launch the nuclear missile it carries.
  • In the RTS Urush jabhasi: burilish nuqtasi, the Allied faction's super weapon is a small nuclear bomb dropped from a Northrop YB-35, that unleashes a small sized yet long lasting damaging blast.
  • Yilda Warhammer 40,000, nuclear weapons are used to cause widespread damage to a planet (the methods collectively being called an "Exterminatus", a mass execution of a population through futuristic weapons) and in combat. The nukes must be properly arranged in orbit to create a global firestorm.
  • The RTS game Warzone 2100 is set after a nuclear holocaust initiated by an intelligent computer virus known as Nexus.
  • In Microsoft Windows strategiya o'yini Mojarolar dunyosi, the United States uses tactical nuclear weaponry to halt the advance of the Soviet Union in America. The weapons are also available in multiplayer games.
  • Yilda Volfenshteyn: yangi tartib in the year 1948, the Nazis build "the most powerful atomic bomb in history" and order it to be dropped onto New York City in the United States. The atomic bomb destroys the island of Manhattan and kills 200,000 people, this then forces the United States to surrender to the Nazis, winning World War II and subsequently taking over the world.
  • Ning oxirlaridan birida Far Cry 5, the protagonist of the game attempts to arrest the antagonist Joseph Seed, however upon approaching him for his arrest, Seed describes a doomsday scenario as a nuke detonates in the backdrop of Montana. The scene then transitions to a race for a nearby bunker in which nukes are dropped from each direction, devastating the fictional town of Hope County, Montana.
  • Yilda Jiddiy Sam 4, the player is able to obtain various gadgets to assist in clearing the screen of enemies. Of these gadgets is a "Mini-Nuke," taking the form of a rocket launcher which can be fired once then disposed of, creating a small nuclear blast and destroying enemies within the targeted vicinity, dispersing a deadly shockwave further across the playing field after a period of time.

Shuningdek qarang

Adabiyotlar

  1. ^ Professor Ferenc M. Szasz and Issei Takechi, "Atomic Heroes and Atomic Monsters: American and Japanese Cartoonists Confront the Onset of the Nuclear Age, 1945–80", Tarixchi 69.4 (Winter 2007): 728-752.
  2. ^ Paul S. Boyer. By the Bomb's Early Light: American Thought and Culture at the Dawn of the Atomic Age (New York: Pantheon, 1985). pp. 5, 8–9, 207
  3. ^ https://fas.org/sgp/eprint/bethe-kidder.html
  4. ^ "Restricted Data Declassification Decisions—1946 to the Present"
  5. ^ John McPhee, The Curve of Binding Energy, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1974. ISBN  0-374-13373-5
  6. ^ https://fas.org/sgp/eprint/bethe-kidder.html
  7. ^ https://fas.org/sgp/eprint/percy.pdf
  8. ^ Xovard Morland, Portlagan sir, Random House, 1981 yil. ISBN  0-394-51297-9
  9. ^ Freeman J. Dyson, Weapons and Hope, HarperCollins, 1984. ISBN  0-06-039031-X
  10. ^ Nigel Calder, Nuclear Nightmares: Investigations into Possible Wars, Penguin (non-classics), 1981. ISBN  0-14-005867-2
  11. ^ http://thebulletin.metapress.com/content/n645481v5p22843l/?p=5a3e45c8cc934b9ca45b6da0b727e1c9&pi=0
  12. ^ http://conelrad.blogspot.com/2010/07/oppie-award.html
  13. ^ Battlestar Galactica, Season One, Episode Three: "Bastille Day"
  14. ^ Battlestar Galactica, Season Three, Episode Ten: "The Eye of Jupiter"
  15. ^ The Superman Files. Matthew K. Manning (trans.). p. 91.CS1 maint: boshqalar (havola)
  16. ^ Uolles, Doniyor; Dolan, Xanna, ed. (2010). "1940-yillar". DC Comics Year to Year A Visual Chronicle. Dorling Kindersli. p. 51. ISBN  978-0-7566-6742-9. A stunning cover by Wayne Boring heralded a tale that played on the conflicted post-war zeitgeist surrounding the use of nuclear weapons.CS1 maint: qo'shimcha matn: mualliflar ro'yxati (havola)
  17. ^ Job 38:12.
  18. ^ https://www.goodreads.com/en/book/show/53888680
  19. ^ "Depeche Mode biography: 1987".

Qo'shimcha o'qish

  • Paul S. Boyer. Bomba erta nurlari bilan: Amerika tafakkuri va madaniyati Atom davri tongida (New York: Pantheon, 1985).
  • Margot A. Henriksen, Dr. Strangelove's America: society and culture in the atomic age (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997), ISBN  0-520-08310-5, LoC E169.12.H49 1997.
  • Lui Menand, "Fat Man: Herman Kahn and the Nuclear Age", Nyu-Yorker, 2005 yil 27-iyun
  • Stephen Petersen, "Explosive Propositions: Artists React to the Atomic Age" in Kontekstdagi fan v.14 no.4 (2004), p. 579-609.
  • Jerome F. Shapiro, Atomic Bomb Cinema (Nyu-York: Routledge, 2002).
  • "Ko'zgular: Kliv Kartmill ishi" Robert Silverberg tomonidan
  • Spencer R. Weart, Nuclear fear: a history of images (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1988); The Rise of nuclear fear (Kembrij, MA: Garvard University Press, 2012)
  • Allan M. Vinkler, Life Under a Cloud: American Anxiety About the Atom (Nyu-York: Oxford University Press, 1993).

Tashqi havolalar