Pensilvaniya stantsiyasi (Nyu-York) - Pennsylvania Station (New York City)

Pensilvaniya stantsiyasi
Nyu-York, Nyu-York
Amtrak shaharlararo temir yo'l stantsiya
Long Island temir yo'l yo'li qatnovchi temir yo'l Terminal
NJ tranzit shahar atrofidagi temir yo'l terminali
NYC Penn Station 7th Avenue Entrance 2013.jpg
Ettinchi avenyu orqali kirish Penn Plaza
ManzilChegaralangan 7-chi & 8-chi Xiyobonlar va 31-chi & 33-chi Ko'chalar
(ostida Madison Square Garden )
Manxetten, Nyu-York shahri
MuallifAmtrak
Qator (lar)Shimoli-sharqiy koridor, Empire Corridor
Platformalar11 orol platformalari
Treklar21
Aloqalar
Nyu-York metrosi:
da 34-ko'cha - Penn stantsiyasi (7-avenyu)
da 34-ko'cha - Penn stantsiyasi (8-avenyu)
Port ma'muriyati Trans-Gudson Yo'l: JSQ – 33, XOB-33, JSQ – 33 (HOB orqali) (da 33-ko'cha )
Nyu-York shahridagi MTA avtobusi: M7, M20, M34 SBS, M34A SBS, 32-savol
Akademiya avtobusi: SIM23, SIM24
Flixbus: Sharqiy Shuttle
Vamoose avtobusi
Qurilish
Kirish imkoniyati o'chirilganHa
Boshqa ma'lumotlar
Stantsiya kodiAmtrak: Nyu-York
IATA: ZYP
Narxlar zonasi1-zona (LIRR)
1-zona (NJ tranziti)
Tarix
Ochildi1910
Qayta qurilgan1963–1968
Elektrlanganha, barcha treklar
Yo'lovchilar
201727,296,100 har yili[1][2] (NJT)
201710,397,729 har yili[3] (Amtrak)
201769,722,560 har yili; o'rtacha kelish va ketishga asoslangan[4] (LIRR)
Xizmatlar
Oldingi stantsiyaBSicon LOGO Amtrak2.svg AmtrakKeyingi bekat
Nyuark PennAcela"Stemford"
Vermonter"Stemford"
tomonga Sent-Albans
Nyuark PennShimoli-sharqiy mintaqaviyYangi Rochelle
Yonkerlar
tomonga Monreal
AdirondackTerminus
Nyuark Penn
tomonga Chikago
Kardinal
Nyuark Penn
tomonga Sharlotta
Kerolin
Nyuark Penn
tomonga Yangi Orlean
Yarim oy
YonkerlarEmpire xizmati
Yonkerlar
tomonga Rutland
Ethan Allen Express
Nyuark Penn
tomonga Harrisburg
Keystone xizmati
Kroton-Harmon
tomonga Chikago
Leyk Shore Limited
Yonkerlarzarang yaprog'i
Nyuark Penn
tomonga Pitsburg
Pensilvaniya
Nyuark Penn
tomonga Savana
Palmetto
Nyuark Penn
tomonga Mayami
Kumush meteor
Kumush yulduz
Oldingi stantsiyaMTA NYC logo.svg LIRRKeyingi bekat
TerminusPort Vashington filialiWoodside
Xempstid filialiWoodside
tomonga Xempstid
Port Jefferson filialiWoodside
Oyster Bay filialiWoodside
Ronkonkoma filialiWoodside
tomonga Farmingdale yoki Ronkonkoma
Montauk filialiWoodside
tomonga Patchogue, Speonk yoki Montauk
G'arbiy Xempstid filiali
ish kunlari
Woodside
Bobil filialiWoodside
tomonga Istayman yoki Bobil
Long Beach filialiWoodside
tomonga Long Beach
Far Rokavay filialiWoodside
tomonga Uzoq Rokvay
Oldingi stantsiyaNJT logo.svg NJ tranzitKeyingi bekat
Secaucus Junction
tomonga Trenton
Shimoliy-sharqiy koridor chizig'iTerminus
Secaucus Junction
tomonga Bay rahbari
Shimoliy Jersi qirg'oq chizig'i
Secaucus Junction
tomonga Hackettstown
Montkler-Boonton liniyasi
Morristaun chizig'i
Secaucus JunctionRaritan vodiysi chizig'i
Secaucus Junction
tomonga Gladstone
Gladstone filiali
Avvalgi xizmatlar
Oldingi stantsiyaBSicon LOGO Amtrak2.svg AmtrakKeyingi bekat
TerminusCape Ceding
1986–1996
"Stemford"
tomonga Hyannis
Nyuark Penn
tomonga Uch davlat
Tepalik
1978–1979
"Stemford"
Nyuark PennMetroliner
1971–2006
Terminus
Monrealer
1972–1995
Javdar
tomonga Monreal
Nyuark Penn
tomonga Kanzas-Siti
National Limited
1971–1979
Terminus
Nyuark Penn
tomonga Chikago
Broadway Limited
1995 yilgacha
Uch daryo
1995–2005
Nyuark Penn
tomonga Kanzas-Siti
National Limited
Oldingi stantsiyaNJT logo.svg NJ tranzitKeyingi bekat
Nyuark Penn stantsiyasiAtlantic City Express xizmatiTerminus
Interaktiv xarita
Koordinatalar40 ° 45′2 ″ N 73 ° 59′38 ″ V / 40.75056 ° N 73.99389 ° Vt / 40.75056; -73.99389Koordinatalar: 40 ° 45′2 ″ N 73 ° 59′38 ″ V / 40.75056 ° N 73.99389 ° Vt / 40.75056; -73.99389

Pensilvaniya stantsiyasi, shuningdek, nomi bilan tanilgan Nyu-York Penn Stantsiyasi yoki Penn stantsiyasi, asosiy shaharlararo hisoblanadi temir yo'l stantsiyasi yilda Nyu-York shahri va eng band ichida G'arbiy yarim shar, 2019 yildan boshlab ish kunida 600 mingdan ortiq yo'lovchiga xizmat ko'rsatmoqda.[5][6][a] Penn stantsiyasi Midtown Manxetten, ga yaqin Herald maydoni, Empire State Building, Koreatown va Macy's Herald Square. Butun er osti bekati joylashgan Midtown South ostida Madison Square Garden, o'rtasida Ettinchi va Sakkizinchi xiyobon va 31 va 33-ko'chalar o'rtasida, yaqin ko'chalarga qo'shimcha chiqish joylari mavjud.

Penn Stantsiyasida 21 ta yo'l bor, ular etti tunnel bilan ta'minlanadi (ikkitasi) Shimoliy daryo tunnellari, to'rtta Sharqiy daryo tunnellari va bitta Empire Connection tunnel ). Bu markazda Shimoli-sharqiy koridor, Nyu-York shahrini bog'laydigan yo'lovchi temir yo'l liniyasi Boston, Filadelfiya, Vashington, Kolumbiya va oraliq ball. Shaharlararo poezdlar stantsiyaga egalik qiluvchi Amtrak tomonidan boshqariladi, shahar bo'ylab temir yo'l xizmatlari esa Long Island temir yo'l yo'li (LIRR) va NJ tranzit (NJT). Kompleks ichida ulanishlar mavjud Nyu-York metrosi va avtobuslar. Ilgari yer osti o'tish yo'li bilan ichki aloqani ta'minlagan 34-ko'cha - Herald Square metro stantsiyasi va 33-chi ko'cha PATH stantsiyasi.[7]

Penn Stantsiyasi nomi bilan atalgan Pensilvaniya temir yo'li (PRR), uning quruvchisi va asl ijarachisi va o'z nomini baham ko'radi boshqa shaharlarda bir nechta stantsiyalar bilan. Hozirgi inshoot qayta qurilgan er osti qoldig'i asl Pensilvaniya stantsiyasi, ko'proq bezatilgan stantsiya binosi tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan McKim, Mead va White va .ning durdona asari hisoblangan Beaux-Art uslubi. 1910 yilda qurib bitkazilib, birinchi marotaba janubdan Nyu-York shahriga temir yo'l orqali to'g'ridan-to'g'ri kirish imkoni yaratildi. Uning bosh uy 1963 yilda zamonaviyni galvanizatsiya qilib, buzib tashlangan tarixiy saqlash harakat.[8] Vokzalning qolgan qismi keyingi olti yil ichida qayta tiklandi, shu bilan birga temir yo'l infratuzilmasining asosiy qismi dastlabki stantsiyadan saqlanib qoldi.

Kelajakdagi rejalar Penn Station uchun qo'shishni o'z ichiga oladi temir yo'l platformalari ikkita stantsiyani joylashtirish uchun stantsiyaning janubiy uchida Gateway dasturi tunnellar. Rejalar, shuningdek, qo'shni joyga kirish va konkurslarni qo'shishni talab qiladi Jeyms A. Farley binosi. Farley pochtasi 1910-yilgi stantsiyaning hamrohi sifatida qurilgan. Moynihan poezd zali, Empire Station kompleksining bir qismi, Farley pochta aloqasi binosi ichida LIRR va Amtrak uchun yangi konkurslarni qo'shadi va bosqichma-bosqich qurilmoqda.[9]

Tarix

Rejalashtirish va qurilish (1901-1910)

Pensilvaniya stantsiyasini qazish tomonidan Jorj Bellou (taxminan 1907-1908). Bruklin muzeyi.

20-asrning boshlariga qadar PRR temir yo'l tarmog'i g'arbiy tomonida tugadi Hudson daryosi (bir vaqtlar mahalliy sifatida tanilgan Shimoliy daryo ) da Almashish joyi yilda Jersi Siti, Nyu-Jersi. Manxettenga yo'lovchilar bortga chiqishdi paromlar Hudson daryosidan o'tib, safarining so'nggi qismida.[10] Raqib Nyu-York markaziy temir yo'li Bu chiziq shimoldan Manxettenga tushdi Park xiyoboni va tugagan Katta Markaziy ombor (keyinchalik Grand Central Station, hozirgi Terminal) da 42-ko'cha.[11] 19-asr oxirida Xudsonni o'zaro bog'lash bo'yicha ko'plab takliflar ilgari surilgan, ammo 1870 va 1890 yillarda moliyaviy vahima potentsial investorlarni qo'rqitgan. Qanday bo'lmasin, ushbu vaqt ichida ilgari surilgan takliflarning hech biri amalga oshirilishi mumkin emas deb topildi.[12]

Ko'prik uchun dastlabki taklif ko'rib chiqildi, ammo rad etildi.[13][14] Alternativa daryo ostidagi tunnel edi, ammo buni amalga oshirish mumkin emas edi parovoz foydalanish.[15] Ning rivojlanishi elektrovoz 20-asrning boshlarida tunnelni amalga oshirishga imkon berdi. 1901 yilda PRR prezidenti Aleksandr Kassat Nyu-York shahriga Hudson ostidan tunnel ochish va Manxettenning g'arbiy qismida katta janubda stantsiya qurish orqali temir yo'lning rejasini e'lon qildi. 34-ko'cha.[16] Stantsiya Manxettennikida o'tirardi Tenderloin tumani, tarixiy qizil chiroqli tuman korruptsiya va fohishalik bilan tanilgan.[17]

1903 yil iyun oyidan boshlab ikkala bitta trek Shimoliy daryo tunnellari g'arbdan Gudzon daryosi ostida zerikib qolishgan.[18] To'rtta bitta yo'lli tunnellarning ikkinchi to'plami Sharqiy daryo tunnellari, ostida sharqdan zerikdilar Sharqiy daryo, yangi stantsiyani bog'lovchi Malika, PRR-ga tegishli Long Island temir yo'l yo'li va Sunnyside hovli poezdlarga texnik xizmat ko'rsatiladigan va yig'iladigan Queensda.[19] 1906 yil 9-oktabrda Gudzon daryosi tunnellarida qurilish yakunlandi,[20] va 1908 yil 18 martda Sharqiy daryo tunnellarida.[21]

Asl tuzilish

Penn stantsiyasi, tashqi ko'rinishi, 1911 yil
Penn stantsiyasi, ichki makon, 1935–1938

Penn Stantsiyasining kichik qismi 1910 yil 8 sentyabrda Sharqiy daryo tunnellarining ochilishi bilan birgalikda ochilgan. Natijada, LIRR chavandozlari Manxettenga to'g'ridan-to'g'ri temir yo'l xizmatiga ega bo'lishdi.[22] 1910 yil 27-noyabrda Penn Stantsiyasi jamoatchilik uchun to'liq ochildi.[23] Stantsiyaning to'liq ochilishi bilan PRR Nyu-York shahriga janubdan kiradigan yagona temir yo'l bo'ldi.[24]

Pensilvaniya temir yo'lining yarim asrlik faoliyati davomida (1910-1963) ko'plab shaharlararo yo'lovchi poezdlari har kuni etib kelgan va jo'nab ketgan. Chikago va Sent-Luis "Pensi" relslarida va undan tashqarida temir yo'llarni bog'lashda Mayami va g'arb. Long Island Island Rail Road poezdlari bilan bir qatorda Penn Station stantsiyalarining poezdlarini ko'rdi Nyu-Xeyven va Lehigh Valley temir yo'llari. Tunnel qurish loyihasining yon ta'siri shaharni ochish edi shahar atrofi va ochilgandan 10 yil ichida Penn Stantsiyasi orqali kunlik yo'lovchilarning uchdan ikki qismi yo'lovchilar edi.[17] Stantsiya Pensilvaniya temir yo'lini Manxetten g'arbga va janubga to'g'ridan-to'g'ri xizmat ko'rsatuvchi raqobatchilariga nisbatan solishtirma ustunlikka qo'ydi. Boshqa temir yo'llar o'zlarining yo'nalishlarini terminallarda boshlashdi Yalang'och, Xoboken, Pavoniya va Communipaw Nyu-York shahridan yo'lovchilarga davlatlararo Hudson Tubes (hozir Yo'l ) yoki poezdga chiqishdan oldin Gudzon daryosi bo'ylab paromlar. 1945 yilga kelib, eng yuqori cho'qqisiga qadar Penn Stantsiyasi orqali yiliga 100 milliondan ortiq yo'lovchi sayohat qilgan.[17]

1950 yillarning oxiriga kelib, shaharlararo temir yo'l yo'lovchilar tashish hajmi kelgusi yil bilan keskin kamaydi Jet yoshi va Davlatlararo avtomobil yo'llari tizimi. Hatto undan oldin ham bekatning tashqi qiyofasi biroz xiralashgan edi. Keng miqyosi tufayli stantsiyani saqlash juda qimmatga tushgan.[25][26] Shu vaqt ichida olib borilgan ta'mirlash ishlari ba'zi bir ustun ustunlarni plastik bilan qopladi va keng markaziy yo'lakni yangi chiptaxona bilan to'sib qo'ydi. Pensilvaniya temir yo'li 1950-yillarda Penn Stantsiyasining havo huquqlarini tanladi. Variantni buzishni talab qildi bosh uy va poezd saroyi, uning o'rniga ofis majmuasi va yangi sport majmuasi barpo etiladi, stantsiya yo'llari esa daxlsiz qolaveradi.[27] Yangisi uchun rejalar Penn Plaza va Madison Square Garden 1962 yilda e'lon qilingan. Penn Stantsiyasiga havo huquqi evaziga PRR kichikroq er osti stantsiyasini va yangi Madison Square Garden Kompleksining 25 foiz ulushini oladi. Zamonaviy me'morlar bezakli binoni qutqarish uchun shoshildilar, ammo natija bermadi.[28] Yer usti buzilishi bosh uy 1963 yil oktyabrda boshlangan.[29] Temir yo'l qatnovi faqat kichik uzilishlar bilan davom etishi uchun temir yo'l va platformalar ustiga ulkan po'latdan yasalgan pastki joylashtirildi; kun fotosuratlari yo'lovchilar poezdlarni kutib turganlarini, hatto ularning bosh uyi atroflarini buzib tashlaganliklarini aks ettirgan.[25] Bu mumkin edi, chunki temir yo'l infratuzilmasining ko'p qismi (kutish xonasi, konkurslar va o'tiradigan joylarni o'z ichiga olgan holda) ko'cha darajasidan past bo'lgan.[30]

Penn Station bosh uyining buzilishi munozarali bo'lib, xalqaro miqyosda g'azabga sabab bo'ldi.[31][32] "Bittasi shaharga xudo singari kirib keldi. Bittasi endi kalamush singari ichkariga kiradi", - deb me'moriy tarixchi Vinsent Skulli asl stantsiya haqida yozgan.[33] Bunday taniqli tarixiy obidani buzish va uni afsus bilan almashtirish bilan bog'liq munozaralar,[34] ko'pincha Qo'shma Shtatlarda me'moriy muhofaza qilish harakati uchun katalizator sifatida keltirilgan.[8] Bunday buzilishni cheklash uchun yangi qonunlar qabul qilindi. O'n yil ichida Grand Central Terminal shaharning yangi ostida himoya qilindi diqqatga sazovor joylarni saqlash akti, himoya sudlar tomonidan 1978 yilda tasdiqlangan Grand Central egasining chaqirig'idan so'ng, Penn Markaziy.[35]

Amaldagi tuzilmasi (1968 yildan hozirgacha)

Amtrak konkurs

Hozirgi Penn Stantsiyasi to'liq er osti va Madison Square Garden, 33-ko'cha va Two Penn Plaza-dan pastda joylashgan. Stansiya uchta darajadan iborat: konkurslar yuqori ikki sathda va poezd platformalari eng pastda. Ikki darajadagi konkurslar, 1910 yilgi stantsiyaga xos bo'lgan bo'lsa-da, Madison Square Garden-ni qurish paytida keng ta'mirlangan va keyingi o'n yilliklarda kengaygan. Yo'llar va platformalar ham asosan o'ziga xosdir, faqat stantsiyani ulaydigan ba'zi bir ishlardan tashqari G'arbiy tomon temir yo'l hovlisi va Amtrak Empire Corridor xizmat qilish Albani va Buffalo, Nyu-York.[36][37]

1991 yilda, ning ochilishi Empire aloqasi Amtrak-ga Nyu-York shahridagi barcha poezdlarni Penn Stantsiyasida birlashtirishga imkon berdi. Ilgari, Empire Corridor bo'ylab harakatlanadigan barcha poezdlar yaqin atrofda paydo bo'lgan va to'xtagan Katta markaziy terminal - ilgari tarkibiga kirgan ushbu yo'nalishlarning aksariyati Nyu-York markaziy temir yo'li. Ilgari shimoliy-sharqiy koridor va Empire koridorlari yo'nalishlari o'rtasida o'tayotgan yo'lovchilar ikkala stantsiya o'rtasida o'z yo'llarini bosib o'tishlari kerak edi. Ikkala stantsiya hech qachon bog'lanmagan, hatto ikkalasi ham 1960-yillarda Penn Central-ga tegishli bo'lganidan keyin va 1971 yilda Amtrak barcha shaharlararo xizmatni o'z zimmasiga olganidan keyin. Amtrak Nyu-Yorkdagi ikkita stantsiyani saqlash xarajatlaridan tejab qolmoqda. Grand Central-ning kuzatuvidan foydalanish uchun MTA-ga yiliga $ 600,000 dan ko'proq to'lash.[38][39]

1990-yillarda, hozirgi Pensilvaniya Stantsiyani Amtrak tomonidan yangilangan Metropolitan transport boshqarmasi va Nyu-Jersi tranziti, kutish va imtiyozli joylarning ko'rinishini yaxshilash, stantsiya axborot tizimlarini keskinlashtirish (audio va vizual) va kirlarning katta qismini olib tashlash. O'tmishdagi Penn Stantsiyasining qadimgi ulug'vorligini esga olib, 34-ko'chada Long Island temir yo'lining kirish qismida dastlabki ombordan to'rt tomonlama eski soat o'rnatildi. Eshikning eskalatoridan o'tadigan yo'lda eski Penn Stantsiyasi me'morchiligining elementlari tasvirlangan devor ham bor.

Tashlandiq er osti bor o'tish joyi Penn stantsiyasidan yaqingacha 34-ko'cha - Herald maydoni metro bekati va 33-ko'cha Yo'l "Gimbels o'tish yo'li" deb nomlangan stantsiya. O'nlab yillar davomida xavfsizlik va sanitariya xavotirlaridan so'ng, jinsiy tajovuz epidemiyasi nihoyat 1980-yillarda yopilishiga olib keldi.[7]

Keyin 11 sentyabr hujumlari 2001 yilda xavfsizlik kuchaytirildi va Penn Station majmuasi orqali yo'lovchilar oqimi cheklandi. 2002 yilda Penn Station ichiga yoritish, xavfsizlik kameralari va to'siqlar kabi xavfsizlik xususiyatlarini qo'shish uchun 100 million dollarlik yaxshilanish ishlari boshlandi.[40] 31-ko'chadan shimoldan 33-ko'chagacha 7 va 8-chi prospektlar o'rtasida harakatlanadigan Madison Square Garden ostidagi taksi yo'li beton bilan yopilgan Jersi to'siqlari. 31-ko'chadagi yangi taksi turar joyiga etib kelgan yo'lovchilarni boshqarish uchun taksidan yopiq o'tish yo'li qurildi. Bundan tashqari, Penn Stantsiyasidan Madison Square Garden lobisiga to'g'ridan-to'g'ri ulanish eskalatorlari yopilgan va keyinchalik olib tashlangan.

Yaxshilashga qaramay, Penn Stantsiyani past shiftli deb tanqid qilishda davom etmoqda "katakomb "Jozibasi yo'q, ayniqsa juda katta va bezatilgan Grand Central Terminal bilan taqqoslaganda.[31] The Nyu-York Tayms 2007 yil noyabr oyida kengaytirilgan temir yo'l terminalini rivojlantirishni qo'llab-quvvatlovchi tahririyatida "Amtrakning xaridorlari ... endi yorug'lik yoki xarakterga ega bo'lmagan er osti xonalari bo'ylab yurishadi."[41] Times tranzit muxbiri Maykl M. Grinbaum keyinchalik Penn Stantsiyasini "shaharning ikkita buyuk temir yo'l terminalining xunuk o'gay farzandi" deb atadi.[26] Times me'morchilik tanqidchisi Maykl Kimmelman Penn Stantsiyasini qisqartirish va uni butunlay er ostiga ko'chirish, o'sha paytda mantiqiy ma'noga ega bo'lishi mumkin edi, deb o'ylardi, bu Nyu-York "o'zining ulug'vor me'moriy o'tmishidan mensimaganligi" ning belgisi edi. Kimmelman, shuningdek, qayta qurish natijasida Nyu-Yorkka boradigan asosiy temir yo'l shlyuzi maqomiga mos kelmaydigan stantsiyani keltirib chiqardi.[25] Avvalroq, Kristofer Grey Times eski va kattaroq Penn Stantsiyasini qutqarish uchun 2001 yilda "buldozerlar oldida o'tirish uchun jasadlar etishmasligi bo'lmaydi" deb yozgan edi.[28]

Xizmatlar

Nyu-York shahri atrofida shaharlararo va qatnovchi temir yo'l xizmatlari diagrammasi, Penn Station va Katta markaziy terminal

Stansiyaga kuniga 1300 ta kelish va ketish xizmat ko'rsatiladi, bu 1970 yillarga nisbatan ikki baravar ko'p.[42] O'rtacha ish kunida stantsiyadan foydalanadigan 600000 dan ortiq yo'lovchi va Amtrak yo'lovchilari bor,[43][44] yoki har to'qson soniyada 1000 tagacha.[26][45]:498, 891 Bu Qo'shma Shtatlardagi eng gavjum transport vositasi[46] va Shimoliy Amerikada.[45]:890–891

Shaharlararo temir yo'l

Amtrak

Amtrak stantsiyaga egalik qiladi va undan quyidagi xizmatlar uchun foydalanadi:

Hammasidan tashqari Acela Express, Shimoli-sharqiy mintaqaviy va Vermonter Penn Stantsiyasida kelib chiqadi va tugaydi.

Amtrakning eng gavjum stantsiyasi, Amtrakning maqomiga qaramay Superliner vagonlar Penn Stantsiyasidan foydalana olmaganligi sababli etarli bo'lmagan bo'shliqlar Shimoliy daryo va Sharqiy daryo tunnellarida.

Amtrak odatda Nyu-Jersi tranziti bilan bir qatorda 1–12 treklardan foydalanadi va LIRR va NJ Transit bilan 13–16 treklarni baham ko'radi.

Qatnovchi temir yo'l

Long Island temir yo'l yo'li

Long Island Island Rail Road (LIRR) xizmatlari Penn Stantsiyasida kelib chiqadi va tugaydi:

Barcha filiallar ulanadi Yamayka Port Vashington filialidan tashqari.

Odatda LIRR 17-21 treklardan foydalanadi va 13-16 treklarni Amtrak va NJT bilan bo'lishadi. LIRR kamdan-kam hollarda 11-12 treklardan foydalanadi.

Nyu-Jersi tranziti

Quyidagi NJ tranzit temir yo'l operatsiyalari (NJT) filiallari Penn Stantsiyasida kelib chiqadi va tugaydi:

NJT odatda Amtrak bilan 1-12 treklarni va Amtrak va LIRR bilan 13-16 treklarni bo'lishadi. NJT kamdan-kam hollarda 17-trekdan foydalanadi.

Tez tranzit

Nyu-York metrosi

Aloqa quyidagi Nyu-York metrosi stantsiyalariga ulanadi:[47]

Yo'l

Aloqa ham mavjud Yo'l tizim 33-ko'cha bekati, Herald maydonidagi Oltinchi avenyu ostida. The JSQ-33 va OB-33 xizmatlar ish kunlari 33-ko'chada tugaydi va quyidagilarga birlashtiriladi JSQ-33 (HOB orqali) tunda, dam olish kunlari va ta'til kunlarida xizmat ko'rsatish.

Avtobus va murabbiy

NYC Airporter avtobusga borishni va qaytarishni ta'minlaydi Jon F. Kennedi xalqaro aeroporti va LaGuardia aeroporti va tomonidan tasdiqlangan Nyu-York va Nyu-Jersi port ma'muriyati va Nyu-York shahar transport departamenti.

Nyu-York avtobusi

Quyidagi MTA mintaqaviy avtobus operatsiyalari avtobuslar Penn stantsiyasi yaqinida to'xtaydi:[48]

Shaharlararo murabbiylar

Shaharlararo avtobus xizmati Penn stantsiyasiga va orqaga qaytish tomonidan ta'minlanadi BoltBus, Vamoose avtobusi, Tripper Bus va Avtobuslarga boring. BoltBus Penn Stantsiyasidagi ikkita bekatdan ishlaydi. Penn Station Stop №1 Baltimorga xizmat ko'rsatmoqda; Grinbelt, Merilend; Vashington shahridagi ikkita bekat, Penn Station №2 avtobus bekati Bostonga xizmat ko'rsatmoqda; Cherry Hill, Nyu-Jersi; va Filadelfiya. Vamoose avtobusi avtobuslarni Penn stantsiyasi yaqinidagi Bethesda (Merilend) tomon yo'naltiradi; Arlington, Virjiniya; va Lorton, Virjiniya.[49] Tripper Bus avtobuslari Penn stantsiyasi yaqinidagi Bethesda, Merilend va Virjiniya shtatidagi Arlington shaharlarigacha avtobuslarni boshqaradi.[50] Avtobuslarga boring Penn Stantsiyasi yaqinidagi to'xtash joyidan Nyuton, Massachusets va Massachusets shtatidagi Kembrijga avtobuslar ishlaydi.

Aviakompaniya chiptalari

Penn Station a tarkibiga kiradi United Airlines chiptaxonada joylashgan chiptaxona.[51] Bu ilgari a Continental Airlines chiptaxona.[52]

Tavsiya etilgan Metro-Shimoliy xizmat

Metropolitan transport boshqarmasi olib kelishni taklif qildi Metro-Shimoliy temir yo'l uning bir qismi sifatida Penn stantsiyasiga yo'lovchi poezdlari Penn Stantsiyasiga kirish loyiha. Loyihaning birinchi bosqichi olib keladi New Haven Line Amtrak's orqali Penn stantsiyasiga poezdlar Jahannam darvozasi ko'prigi va Sharqiy daryo tunnellari. Ikkinchi bosqich olib keladi Hudson chizig'i orqali stansiyaga xizmat ko'rsatish Empire aloqasi.[53]

Stansiya tartibi

West End konkursi

Penn Station birlashtirilgan dizayni yoki pol rejasiga ega emas, balki alohida Amtrak, Long Island Rail Road va Nyu-Jersi tranzit konkurslariga bo'linib, har bir konkurs o'z operatori tomonidan boshqacha tarzda saqlanib turiladi.[54] Amtrak va NJ tranzit konkurslari ko'cha sathidan birinchi sathda, Long Island Island temir yo'l trassasi esa ko'cha sathidan ikki daraja pastda joylashgan. Ettinchi avenyu yaqinidagi NJ tranzit konkursi eng yangi va 2002 yilda mavjud bo'lgan chakana savdo va Amtrak ofis maydonlaridan ochilgan.[55][56] G'arbiy 31-ko'chadan ushbu konkursga yangi kirish 2009 yil sentyabr oyida ochilgan.[57] Ilgari NJ Transit Amtrak konkursi bilan bo'sh joy ajratgan. Asosiy LIRR konkursi G'arbiy 33-ko'chadan pastda, ettinchi va sakkizinchi prospektlar oralig'ida joylashgan. Ushbu konkursda 1994 yilda tugagan uch yillik davrda sezilarli yangilanishlar amalga oshirildi, shu jumladan 34-ko'chada yangi kirish pavilyoni qo'shildi.[58] LIRRning Sakkizinchi avenyu g'arbiy qismida joylashgan G'arbiy End konkursi 1986 yilda ochilgan.[59] Stantsiya shu qadar murakkabki, 2017 yil dekabr oyida Amtrak va Zyter ozod qilingan mobil ilova FindYourWay deb nomlangan yo'lovchilar Penn Stantsiyasi bo'ylab harakatlanishiga yordam beradi, ammo Zyter dasturni boshqa yirik Amtrak stantsiyalarida ham chiqarishni rejalashtirmoqda.[60]

Uning murakkabligining yana bir dalili sifatida stantsiyaning uchta provayderi stansiya uchun turli rasmiy manzillardan foydalanadilar.

  • Amtrak: 8-avenyu va G'arbiy 31-ko'cha
  • LIRR: 34-chi ko'cha 7 va 8-chi prospektlarda
  • NJ tranzit: 390 7-chi avenyu

Yo'llar va atrofdagi infratuzilma

Penn Station trek xaritasi
Afsona
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6X
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LD2
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LD2
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2
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2E
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4E
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4C
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6C
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6C
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8C
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8C
8C
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10C
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10C
10C
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2C
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2C
2C
" width="20" height="20" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/BSicon_uvSTR.svg/30px-BSicon_uvSTR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/BSicon_uvSTR.svg/40px-BSicon_uvSTR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500">
5C
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5C
5C
" width="20" height="20" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/BSicon_uvSTR.svg/30px-BSicon_uvSTR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/BSicon_uvSTR.svg/40px-BSicon_uvSTR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500">
7C
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7C
7C
" width="20" height="20" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/BSicon_uvSTR.svg/30px-BSicon_uvSTR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/BSicon_uvSTR.svg/40px-BSicon_uvSTR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500">
9C
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9C
9C
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Pochta platformasi
1D
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1D
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1D
1D
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4D
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4D
4D
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6D
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6D
6D
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7E
" width="20" height="20" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/BSicon_uSTRc13.svg/30px-BSicon_uSTRc13.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/BSicon_uSTRc13.svg/40px-BSicon_uSTRc13.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500">
7E
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7E
7E
" width="20" height="20" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/BSicon_uSTR2%2B4.svg/30px-BSicon_uSTR2%2B4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/BSicon_uSTR2%2B4.svg/40px-BSicon_uSTR2%2B4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500">
3D
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3D
3D
" width="10" height="20" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/BSicon_udSTR%2BBSl.svg/15px-BSicon_udSTR%2BBSl.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/BSicon_udSTR%2BBSl.svg/20px-BSicon_udSTR%2BBSl.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="500">
5D
" width="20" height="20" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/BSicon_STRc2.svg/30px-BSicon_STRc2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/BSicon_STRc2.svg/40px-BSicon_STRc2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500">
5D
">
5D
5D
" width="20" height="20" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/BSicon_uvSTR.svg/30px-BSicon_uvSTR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/BSicon_uvSTR.svg/40px-BSicon_uvSTR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500">
Interlocking
F
" width="20" height="20" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/BSicon_uSTRc2.svg/30px-BSicon_uSTRc2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/BSicon_uSTRc2.svg/40px-BSicon_uSTRc2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500">
F
">
F
F
" width="20" height="20" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/BSicon_uv-STR%2B4.svg/30px-BSicon_uv-STR%2B4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/BSicon_uv-STR%2B4.svg/40px-BSicon_uv-STR%2B4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500">
M
" width="20" height="20" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/BSicon_STR3%2B1.svg/30px-BSicon_STR3%2B1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/BSicon_STR3%2B1.svg/40px-BSicon_STR3%2B1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500">
M
" width="20" height="20" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/BSicon_v-STR%2B1.svg/30px-BSicon_v-STR%2B1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/BSicon_v-STR%2B1.svg/40px-BSicon_v-STR%2B1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500">
M
">
M
M
" width="10" height="20" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/BSicon_dSTRc2.svg/15px-BSicon_dSTRc2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/BSicon_dSTRc2.svg/20px-BSicon_dSTRc2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="500">
men
" width="20" height="20" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/BSicon_STRc1.svg/30px-BSicon_STRc1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/BSicon_STRc1.svg/40px-BSicon_STRc1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500">
men
">
Men
men
" width="10" height="20" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/BSicon_dSTR%2Bc1.svg/15px-BSicon_dSTR%2Bc1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/BSicon_dSTR%2Bc1.svg/20px-BSicon_dSTR%2Bc1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="500">
G
" width="20" height="20" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/BSicon_uSTRc2.svg/30px-BSicon_uSTRc2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/BSicon_uSTRc2.svg/40px-BSicon_uSTRc2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500">
G
">
G
G
" width="20" height="20" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/BSicon_v-STR%2B4.svg/30px-BSicon_v-STR%2B4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/BSicon_v-STR%2B4.svg/40px-BSicon_v-STR%2B4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500">
U
" width="20" height="20" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/BSicon_vSTR%2B1-.svg/30px-BSicon_vSTR%2B1-.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/BSicon_vSTR%2B1-.svg/40px-BSicon_vSTR%2B1-.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500">
U
">
U
KN interlocking
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
(Platforma raqamlari)
1
">
1
3
">
3
3
" width="20" height="20" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/BSicon_vSTR%2BBSm.svg/30px-BSicon_vSTR%2BBSm.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/BSicon_vSTR%2BBSm.svg/40px-BSicon_vSTR%2BBSm.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500">
5
">
5
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(Trek raqamlari)
C o'zaro bog'lanish
JO Interlocking
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Afsona
Yo'lovchilarga xizmat ko'rsatadigan treklar
Hovli / saqlash joylari
Izoh: A, KN, C va JO blokirovkalash minoralari o'chirilgan.
Manba:[62]

Oddiy operatsiyalarda Amtrak va NJ Transit yo'llari 1-12 gacha bo'lishadi, LIRR esa stantsiyaning shimoliy tomonida 17-21 yo'llardan eksklyuziv foydalanishga ega. Uchta temir yo'lning hammasi 13-16 yo'llarni baham ko'radi.[63][64] 1-4 yo'llar platformaning sharqiy qismida joylashgan bamper bloklarida tugaydi va Sharqiy daryo tunnellariga kirish imkoniga ega emas. Sharqdan Sharqiy daryo tunnellarining 1 va 2 yo'nalishlari (janubroq yo'nalishdagi naychalar) faqat 5-17 yo'llarga kirishlari mumkin va ularni Amtrak va NJ tranzit poezdlarining aksariyati foydalanadi, Sharqiy daryo tunnellarining 3 va 4 yo'nalishlari (shuncha ko'p) shimoliy quvurlar) faqat 14-21 treklarga kirishlari mumkin va ko'pincha LIRR tomonidan qo'llaniladi. G'arbdan Shimoliy daryo tunnellari 1-19 yo'llarga, Empire Connection esa faqat 1-9 va LIRR yo'llariga kirishlari mumkin. G'arbiy Yard hovlisi faqat 10-21 treklarga kira oladi.[62]

Barcha stansiya yo'llari 12 kV quvvatga ega yuqori sim. 5-21 yo'llarda ham 750 ta V DC uchinchi temir yo'l.[65][66] Tunnellarda va stantsiyada tegishli shamollatish yo'qligi sababli, faqat elektrovozlar va ikki rejimli lokomotivlar Penn Stantsiyasiga kirishi rejalashtirilgan.[67] Faqatgina dizel yoqilg'isidagi NJT poezdlari Hoboken terminalida yoki tugaydi Nyuark Penn stantsiyasi, va faqat dizel yoqilg'isidagi LIRR poezdlari undan oldin yoki undan oldin to'xtaydi Long-Aylend shahri.

18-yo'lda poezdlar eshiklarini faqat shimol tomonda ochishadi (10-platforma).[64]

2017–2018 yillarda xizmat ko'rsatishda uzilishlar va yaxshilanishlarni kuzatish

2010-yillarning boshidan boshlab Amtrak Penn Stantsiyasi atrofidagi yomonlashib borayotgan relslarni va infratuzilmani tuzatishni rejalashtirgan edi, ammo boshqa loyihalarning ustuvorligi tufayli faqat minimal tuzatishlarni qo'lladi.[68] 2017 yil boshida bu ko'plab elektr ta'minotidagi uzilishlar, yo'llarning uzilishi va yo'lning kechikishi sababli kechikishlar bilan yakunlandi. Yo'llarning yomonlashishi va ularni qo'llab-quvvatlovchi infratuzilma, shuningdek, stantsiyani Long-Aylend va Nyu-Jersi bilan bog'laydigan Sharqiy daryo va Shimoliy daryo tunnellarida poezdlar harakati jadvali tez-tez to'xtab turardi.[69]

2017 yil boshida xizmat ko'rsatishda bir qator uzilishlar 2017 yil 23 martda boshlandi Acela poezd relsdan chiqib, kunning kechikishiga olib keldi.[70] 3 aprel kuni NJ Transit poyezdi ta'mirlash ishlari qoldirilgan ma'lum bo'lgan muammoli joyda relsdan chiqib ketdi.[69] Bu Amtrak va NJ Transit uchun shimoliy-sharqiy yo'lak bo'ylab to'rt kunlik xizmatni qisqartirishga olib keldi, chunki bu hodisa 1-8 yo'llarni Shimoliy daryo tunnellari bilan bog'laydigan kalitga zarar etkazdi.[71] Ushbu yopilish sabab bo'ldi kaskadli xato, ta'sirlanmagan yo'llarda Amtrak va Long-Aylend temir yo'l poezdlarini kechiktirish.[70][72]

14-aprel kuni Nyu-Jersi tranzit poyezdi Shimoliy daryo tunnellariga tiqilib qoldi va buning oqibatida bekatda kutayotgan yo'lovchilar ko'payib ketdi. Amtrak politsiyachisidan keyin a Taser buzg'unchilik ko'rsatgan odamga, o'q ovozi haqidagi mish-mishlar 16 kishini jarohatlagan tiqilinchni keltirib chiqardi.[73][74] Tiqilinchdan so'ng AQSh senatori Chak Shumer Amtrakni huquqni muhofaza qilish organlarining javoblarini markazlashtirishga chaqirdi.[75]

Ushbu hodisalar natijasida Long-Aylend temir yo'l yo'li texnik xizmatni yaxshilash uchun Amtrakdan Penn Stantsiyasini olishni taklif qildi,[76] va Nyu-Jersi Amtrakka davlat to'lovlarini ushlab qolishni taklif qildi.[70] Amtrak infratuzilmani tezroq barqarorlashtirish va kelgusida sodir bo'ladigan hodisalarni kamaytirish uchun yanada katta buzilishlarni keltirib chiqaradigan katta miqdordagi parvarishlash ishlarini, hattoki keyingi uzilishlar hisobiga ham tezlashtirishni muhokama qildi.[70] 28-aprel kuni Amtrak yoz davomida trekka texnik xizmat ko'rsatishini ma'lum qildi[75] bir yarim oy davomida.[77] Qayta qurish ishlari davomida beshta trek ta'mirlanishga yopildi, natijada ommaviy axborot vositalari "jahannam yozi" deb hisoblagan vaziyatda yo'lning imkoniyatlarini keskin pasaytirdi.[78][79] Jabrlangan NJ tranzit yo'lovchilarining aksariyati PATH-ni qabul qilish uchun yo'naltirildi.[80] Empire Corridordan ba'zi Amtrak poezdlari Penn Station o'rniga Grand Centralga yo'naltirilgan.[81] Muntazam xizmat 2017 yil 5 sentyabrda qayta tiklandi.[82][83]

Amtrak 2018 yil yozida Penn Stantsiyasining yo'lini yanada takomillashtirdi. Natijada ba'zi "Empire Corridor" poyezdlari Grand Central-ga qayta yo'naltirildi.[84] The Leyk Shore Limited va Kardinal Ushbu ish tufayli Chikagoga qisqartirilgan yoki yo'naltirilgan.[85]

Platformaga kirish

Amtrak yo'lovchilarining aksariyati asosiy Amtrak pansionatidagi eskalatorlar orqali o'tirgan bo'lsalar-da, har bir platformada bir nechta kirish va chiqish joylari mavjud.[86]

ClubAcela dam olish xonasi

KlubAcela Amtrak konkursida joylashgan (stantsiyaning 8-chi avenyu tomonida) joylashgan shaxsiy zal. 2000 yil dekabrgacha Metropolitan Lounge nomi bilan tanilgan. Mehmonlarga qulay o'rindiqlar, bepul alkogolsiz ichimliklar, gazetalar, televizorlar va konferents-zal taqdim etiladi. ClubAcela-ga kirish quyidagi yo'lovchilar uchun cheklangan:[87]

  • Amtrak mehmonlari haqiqiy Select Plus yoki Select Executive a'zosi kartalarini mukofotlaydi.
  • Amtrak yo'lovchilari bir kunlik chiptasi (jo'nab ketishi) yoki chipta kvitansiyasi (etib borishi) bilan birinchi toifadagi yoki uxlab yotgan mashinalarda.
  • ClubAcela bir kunlik Pass egalari. O'sha kuni biznes-klass yo'lovchilari ularni 25 dollarga sotib olishlari mumkin.
  • United Airlines Birlashgan klub Haqiqiy kartaga ega a'zolar yoki United Polaris-da bir kunlik sayohat chiptasi bo'lgan yo'lovchilar.
  • Xususiy temir yo'l vagonlari egalari / ijarachilari. PNR raqami kirish paytida klub vakiliga berilishi kerak.

Yopiq kutish maydoni

Amtrak shuningdek, o'rindiqlari, savdo nuqtalari va Wi-Fi bilan chiptalangan yo'lovchilar uchun yopiq kutish zonasini taklif etadi.[88]

Metroning 33-dan 34-chi qismigacha bo'lgan qismi
11-Av10-chi & 9-chi Avs
atlanmoqda
8-AvMedison-skver
Bog '
7-AvDo'kon peshtaxtalari6-Av &
Broadway
5-chi & Medison Avs
atlanmoqda
Park Av
oraliqA / C / Ekonkurs1 / 2 / 3Sobiq Gimbelniki
o'tish joyi
mezzYo'l6 / <6>
oraliqoraliqkonkursoraliqN / Q / R / V
7 / <7>Penn stantsiyasiB / D / F / / M

Rejalashtirish va qayta rejalashtirish

Olomon LIRR konkursi

21-asrda poyezdlar qatnovining qayta tiklanishi Pensilvaniya stantsiyasining hozirgi tuzilishini quvvatiga ko'tarib, stantsiyani yangilash yoki qayta qurish bo'yicha bir nechta takliflarni keltirib chiqardi.

2013 yilda, Mintaqaviy rejalar assotsiatsiyasi va Shahar san'at jamiyati Yangi Penn stantsiyasi uchun ittifoq tuzdi. Odamlarning ko'pligi va Madison Square Garden ostidagi hozirgi stantsiyaning cheklangan sig'imiga ishora qilib, Ittifoq Madison Square Garden-ning ishlash ruxsatnomasini o'n yilga uzaytirishni cheklashni targ'ib qila boshladi.[89] 2013 yil 24-iyulda Nyu-York shahar Kengashi 47-1 ga ovoz berib, Bog'ga o'n yillik ishlashga ruxsat berish huquqini berdi, shu muddat tugagandan so'ng egalari ko'chib o'tishlari yoki ruxsat berish jarayonidan o'tishlari kerak.[90]

2013 yil may oyida to'rtta arxitektura firmasi -SHoP Architects, SOM, H3 Hardy hamkorlik arxitekturasi va Diller Scofidio + Renfro - yangi Penn Station uchun takliflar yuborildi. Takliflar qatoriga Madison Square Garden-ni Morgan pochta inshootiga bir necha blok janubi-g'arbiy qismida ko'chirish va kengaytmasi kiritilgan Yuqori chiziq Penn stantsiyasiga,[91] Madison Square Garden-ni Jeyms Farli pochtasining janubidagi hududga ko'chirish,[91] va arenani g'arbiy yangi iskala tomon ko'chirish Jacob K. Javits Kongress Markazi, barchasi Penn Stantsiyasini a sifatida qayta qurish niyatida aralash ishlatiladigan rivojlanish. Madison Square Garden uning boshqa joyga ko'chirilishi haqidagi ayblovlarni rad etdi va rejalarni "osmonda pirog" deb atadi.[91]

2016 yil yanvar oyida Nyu-York gubernatori Endryu Kuomo takliflar bo'yicha so'rovlar stansiyani qayta qurish uchun qabul qilinishini e'lon qildi, bu "Empire Station Complex" deb nomlangan davlat-xususiy sherikligi bo'ladi. Investorlarga qurilish xarajatlarini to'lash evaziga stansiyaga tijorat huquqlari berilishi kerak edi.[92][93]

Gateway dasturi

Gateway dasturi taklif qilingan tezyurar temir yo'l yengillashtirish uchun yo'lak torlik shimoliy-sharqiy koridor bo'ylab Gudzon daryosi ostidan o'tuvchi Shimoliy daryo tunnellarida. Agar qurilgan bo'lsa, loyiha davomida Xudson o'zaro faoliyatida 25 ta poezd oralig'i qo'shiladi shoshilinch soat va 7-trekka, 4-platformaga ulaning Terminal uning janubidagi Penn Stantsiyasiga ilova qiling.[94] Oldindan rejalashtirilgan ba'zi yaxshilanishlar Gateway rejasiga kiritilgan.[94][95]

Gateway dasturi 2011 yilda, xuddi shunga o'xshash narsa bekor qilinganidan bir yil o'tib, namoyish etildi Mintaqaning yadrosiga kirish (ARC) loyihasi va dastlab 14,5 milliard dollar turadi va qurilishi 14 yil davom etadi.[95] Manxettenning G'arbiy tomonida harakatlanish yo'lini saqlab qoladigan "tunnel qutisi" qurilishi 2013 yil sentyabr oyida boshlanib, 185 mln. tiklanish va chidamlilik mablag'lari keyin taqdirlandi "Sendi" dovuli 2012 yilda.[96] 2015 yilda Amtrak "Sendi" bo'roni tufayli mavjud trans-Gudzon tunnellariga etkazilgan zarar ularni almashtirishni shoshilinch holga keltirganini aytdi.[97][98] O'sha yili Amtrak atrof-muhitni muhofaza qilish va loyihalash ishlari olib borilayotganligi haqida xabar berib, loyihaning umumiy qiymatini 20 milliard dollarga baholagan va qurilish 4-5 yil davom etishini aytgan.[99] Atrof-muhitga ta'siri to'g'risidagi bayonot loyihasi 2017 yil iyul oyida e'lon qilindi.[100][101]

Federal hukumat tomonidan moliyaviy majburiyatlarning etishmasligi tufayli Gateway dasturini moliyalashtirish bir necha yil davomida aniq emas edi va 2018 yilda Tramp ma'muriyatiga taqdim etilgan atrof-muhitga ta'sir o'tkazish bo'yicha tadqiqotlar tasdiqlanmagan. Gateway tunnellarini tasdiqlash va moliyalashtirish kelgusidagi ustuvor vazifa bo'lishi kutilmoqda Bayden ma'muriyati.[102]

Moynihan poezd zali

1999 (chapda), 2005 (o'rta) va 2007 (o'ngda) dan boshlab rivojlanish jarayonida taklif qilingan loyihalar

1990-yillarning boshlarida AQSh senatori Daniel Patrik Moynihan tarixiy Penn Stantsiyasining nusxasini tiklash rejasini ishlab chiqa boshladi, unda u poyafzal kiyib olgan edi Katta depressiya.[103] U uni qurishni taklif qildi Farley pochtasi hozirgi Penn Stantsiyasidan Sakkizinchi avenyu bo'ylab blokni egallagan va loyihalashtirilgan bino McKim, Mead & White, asl stantsiyani loyihalashtirgan o'sha me'moriy firma.[104] 1999 yilda senator Charlz Shumer qurilishi hali tugallanmagan inshootga uning sharafiga rasmiy ravishda "Daniel Patrik Moynihan stantsiyasi" deb nom berish to'g'risidagi qonun loyihasini homiylik qildi. Qonun loyihasi Kongressdan o'tmadi,[105] ammo keyinchalik 2006 yilda Farley Post Office binosi Nyu-York shtatiga Moynihanning tasavvurlari amalga oshadi degan umidda sotilishiga olib keladi.[106]

Dastlabki dizayn takliflari tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan Devid Childs Skidmore, Owings & Merrill kompaniyasining 2001 y.[107] Dizaynlar bir nechta me'moriy firmalar tomonidan bir nechta takrorlanishlarni ko'rdi va Amtrak 2012 yilgacha rejadan chiqib ketdi.[108][109][110][111][112] Shuningdek, loyiha ko'lamini kengaytiradigan "B rejasi" ni qo'llab-quvvatlash o'sdi, uning asosida Madison Square Garden Farley Building-ning g'arbiy qanotiga ko'chirilishi mumkin edi, bu esa Vornado Realty hozirgi Bog 'maydonida ofis majmuasini qurish.[113] 2009 yilga kelib, Bog'ning egasi Cablevision Madison Square Garden-ni emas, balki ko'chirishga qaror qilgan edi hozirgi o'rnini yangilang o'rniga,[114] va Amtrak potentsial ijarachi sifatida qaytib keldi.[115]

1-bosqich

2010 yilda rejaning to'liq ishlab chiqilgan elementlari, jumladan Long-Aylend temir yo'lining kengaytirilgan yer osti G'arbiy End konkursi va Sakkizinchi avenyudagi Farley binosi orqali mavjud Penn Station platformalariga ikkita kirish joyi,[116] 267 million dollarlik 1-bosqichga bo'linib, qisman 83,4 million dollar miqdorida moliyalashtirildi federal rag'batlantirish pul. Zamin 2010 yil 18 oktyabrda buzilgan,[117][118][119] va kengaytirilgan West End Concourse 2017 yil iyun oyida sobiq pochta idorasi ostida ochilgan.[120]

2-bosqich

2-bosqich to'liq ta'mirlangan Farley binosidagi yangi poezd zalidan iborat. Birinchi marta taklif qilingan paytda, uning qiymati 1,5 milliard dollarni tashkil qilishi kutilgandi.[121] 2016 yil sentyabr oyida gubernator Endryu Kuomo yangilangan Moynixan stantsiyasining 2-bosqichi qurilishini tezlashtiradigan taklif tafsilotlarini bayon qildi. Yangi zal 1 gektar maydonni (0,40 ga) tashkil etadi va katta stakan ostida bo'ladi osmon yoritgichi.[122] Farley pochtasi umumiy Amtrak / LIRR poezdlar zali va chakana savdo zonasi uchun bir nechta joy va pochta aloqasi uchun joy bo'lishi uchun bo'linib ketar edi.[122] Endi 1,6 milliard dollarga tushishi kutilgan 2-bosqich qurilishi kerak edi Skanska AB, va chakana savdo maydoni tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan bo'lar edi Tegishli kompaniyalar va Vornado Realty; uchta kompaniya ham 2017 yilgacha shartnoma imzolashi kerak edi.[122] Loyihaning nomi Moynihan Train Hall bo'ldi.[9][123]

2017 yil avgust oyida hozirgi 1,6 milliard dollarlik poezd zalida zamin buzildi.[124] LIRR va Amtrak yangi poezdlar zaliga ko'chib o'tishiga qaramay, NJ Transit hozirgi platformalaridan foydalanishda davom etadi, chunki NJ Transit platformalarini g'arbiy tomon kengaytirish uchun joy yo'q.[125] Moynihan poezd zali 2021 yil yanvar oyida ochiladi.[126]

Empire Station kompleksi

2020 yil yanvar oyida gubernator Kuomo Penn stantsiyasiga uzoq kutilgan janubiy qo'shimchasini qurish to'g'risida e'lon qildi, bu uning imperiya stantsiyasi majmuasi haqidagi tasavvurining bir qismidir. Ilova to'rtta platformaga ega sakkizta qo'shimcha trekni o'z ichiga oladi va mavjud stantsiyaning to'g'ridan-to'g'ri janubida, ettinchi va sakkizinchi prospektlar orasidagi 30 va 31-ko'chalar bilan chegaralangan butun blokni buzishni o'z ichiga oladi. Empire Station loyihasining qiymati va xronologiyasi e'lon qilinmadi. Loyiha katta Gateway dasturidan ajralib, qo'shimcha qurilishni Nyu-Jersiga qo'shimcha ravishda ikkita Shimoliy daryo tunnelini qurish loyihasidan mustaqil ravishda olib borishga imkon beradi.[127][128][129][130]

Qurilayotgan 33-ko'chaga kirish va piyodalar maydonchasining yakuniy loyihasi

Rivojlanayotgan Empire Station rejasining yana bir tarkibiy qismi - LIRR konkursi, eni taxminan ikki baravar ko'paytirilib, 30 dan 57 futgacha (9,1 dan 17,4 m gacha) ko'tariladi va shiftlar minimal balandligi 18 fut (5,5 m) ga ko'tariladi.[131][132] 33-ko'chadan va ettinchi avenyudan LIRR konkursigacha yangi to'g'ridan-to'g'ri kirish qurilmoqda va 2022 yilda kengaytirilgan konkurs bilan birga qurib bitkazilishi kerak.[133] Ettinchi va Sakkizinchi prospektlar oralig'idagi 33-ko'chani transport vositalari harakati uchun doimiy ravishda yopib qo'yish va piyodalar maydonchasiga aylantirish rejalashtirilgan.[131][132]

Kuomoning imperiya stantsiyasi majmuasi, shuningdek, ularni buzishni nazarda tutadi Xulu teatri Madison Square Garden-ning g'arbiy qismida va uning o'rnini hozirgi er osti Penn Stantsiyasiga Sakkizinchi avenyuga qaragan yangi ochiq kirish joyi bilan almashtiradi. No cost of this component has been released, and no construction is currently planned.[134]

Galereya

Shuningdek qarang

Adabiyotlar

Izohlar

  1. ^ The breakdown of Penn Station's ridership:
    • Commuter and intercity rail comprise about 355,000 daily weekday passengers.
      • LIRR has an average of 233,340 daily weekday passengers.
      • NJ Transit has an average of 93,305 daily weekday passengers.
      • Amtrak has an average of 28,487 daily passengers, when annual totals are averaged.
    • The two subway stations have a combined average of approximately 200,000 daily weekday passengers. However, this only includes entries and not exits.
    • The remainder of the ridership, around 75,000 passengers, may use other transportation such as buses, taxis, or ride-sharing, and may include passengers exiting from the subway.

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Bibliografiya

  • Diehl, Lorraine B. (1985). The Late, Great Pennsylvania Station. Lexington, MA: Stephen Greene Press. ISBN  0-8289-0603-3.
  • Johnston, Bob (January 2010). "Penn Station: How do they do it?". Poezdlar. 70 (1): 22–29. Includes track diagram.

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