Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari havo kuchlari akademiyasi - United States Air Force Academy

Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari havo kuchlari akademiyasi

Shiori	Birinchidan, benuqsonlik, o'z oldidan xizmat qilish, barchamizda mukammallik
Turi	AQSh xizmat akademiyasi To'g'ridan-to'g'ri hisobot berish bo'limi[1]
O'rnatilgan	1 aprel 1954 yil (1 aprel 1954 yil) (66 yosh, 8 oy)
Xayr-ehson	47 million dollar[2]
Boshliq	General-leytenant Richard M. Klark, USAF
Dekan	Brig Gen Linell Letendre, USAF
Komendant	General-mayor Mishel C. Edmondson, USAF[3]
Ilmiy xodimlar	550 (70% harbiy: 30% fuqarolik)
Talabalar	4.237 kursant[4]
Manzil	Havo kuchlari akademiyasi , Kolorado , Qo'shma Shtatlar
Talabalar shaharchasi	Shahar atrofi - 18455 gektar (7 468,5 ga)[5]
Ranglar	Moviy, kumush[6]
Taxallus	Falcons
Sport aloqalari	NCAA I bo'limi – MW MPSF, Katta 12, SoCon, XXR, WWPA, Atlantika xokkeyi
Mascot	Gyrfalcon
Bezaklar	Havo kuchlarining ajoyib birligi mukofoti Havo kuchlarining tashkiliy jihatdan mukammal mukofoti[1]
Veb-sayt	www.usafa.af.mil

AQSh havo kuchlari akademiyasi

Joylashuv Qo'shma Shtatlar

AQSh havo kuchlari akademiyasi

Joylashuv: Kolorado

The Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari havo kuchlari akademiyasi (USAFA, Havo kuchlari akademiyasi, yoki akademiya) a harbiy akademiya ofitser kursantlari uchun Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari havo kuchlari va Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlarining kosmik kuchlari^[7] darhol shimolda Kolorado Springs, Kolorado. Bu beshtasining eng yoshi AQSh xizmat akademiyalari, 61 yil oldin 1959 yilda birinchi sinfni tugatgan, ammo katta yoshdagi uchinchi.^[8][9] Akademiyaning to'rt yillik dasturi bitiruvchilari a fanlar bo'yicha bakalavr daraja va buyurtma qilingan ikkinchi leytenantlar AQSh havo kuchlari yoki AQSh kosmik kuchlarida.^[10] Akademiya, shuningdek, Koloradodagi har yili millionga yaqin mehmonlarni jalb qiladigan eng yirik sayyohlik joylaridan biridir.^[11]

Qabul qilish juda raqobatbardosh, nomzodlar Kongress okruglari o'rtasida teng taqsimlangan. Yaqinda kelgan sinflarda 1200 ga yaqin kursant bor edi; 2012 yildan beri har bir kelgan sinfning taxminan 20% bitirmaydi.^[12][13] Akademiyada ishlash davrida kursantlar o'qish, xona va ovqat va har oyda Harbiy-havo kuchlari tomonidan to'lanadigan stipendiyani oladi. Kursantlarning ikkinchi sinf yilining birinchi kunida kursantlar bir necha yil harbiy havo kuchlari yoki kosmik kuchlarda komandir bo'lib xizmat qilish majburiyatini oladilar. Shu vaqtdan keyin bitirmaganlar ro'yxatdan o'tgan xizmatdagi majburiyatlarini bajarishi yoki to'liq o'qishni to'lashi kutilmoqda. Majburiyat odatda besh yillik faol vazifa va uch yillik zaxirada, garchi u bitiruvchiga qarab o'zgargan bo'lsa Havo kuchlari mutaxassisligi kodeksi.

Akademiyadagi dastur havo kuchlarining asosiy qadriyatlariga asoslanadi "Birinchidan, benuqsonlik, o'z oldidan xizmat qilish va biz hamma narsada mukammallik",^[11] va to'rtta "mukammallik ustunlari" ga asoslangan: harbiy tayyorgarlik, akademik mashg'ulotlar, engil atletika va xarakterni rivojlantirish.^[11] Kursantlar qat'iy harbiy tayyorgarlik rejimi bilan bir qatorda muhandislik, gumanitar, ijtimoiy fanlar, asosiy fanlar, harbiy tadqiqotlar va jismoniy tarbiya yo'nalishlari bo'yicha asosiy o'quv dasturlari bilan keng ilmiy o'quv yuklamalarini olib boradilar. Barcha kursantlar kollejlararo yoki maktab ichidagi yengil atletikada qatnashadilar va xarakterni puxta shakllantirish va etakchilik bo'yicha o'quv dasturi kursantlarga bo'lajak ofitserlik uchun asos yaratadi. Dasturning tarkibiy qismlaridan har biri kursantlarga ofitser sifatida muvaffaqiyat qozonish uchun zarur bo'lgan ko'nikma va bilimlarni berish uchun mo'ljallangan.

Tarix

Tashkilot

Akademiya tashkil etilishidan oldin, havo kuchlari advokatlari o'nlab yillar davomida alohida havo kuchlari akademiyasini yaratishga intilishgan. 1918 yildayoq podpolkovnik A.J. Xanlon shunday deb yozgan edi: "Harbiy va Dengiz akademiyalari armiya va dengiz flotining tayanchi bo'lgani uchun, aeronavtika akademiyasi ham havo xizmatining asosi bo'lishi kerak. Hech qanday xizmat o'z embrional zobitlariga vatanga bo'lgan muhabbatni singdirmasdan rivojlana olmaydi; burchni to'g'ri anglash va sharafga yuksak hurmat. "^[14] Boshqa rasmiylar ham xuddi shunday fikrlarni bildirishdi. 1919 yilda Kongress a'zosi Charlz F. Kori Akademiyani nazarda tutuvchi qonunchilikni joriy qildi, ammo uning narxi, o'quv rejasi va joylashuvi bilan bog'liq muammolar uning yo'q qilinishiga olib keldi.^[14] 1925 yilda havo kuchlari kashshofi General Billi Mitchell guvohlik berdi Kapitoliy tepaligi "o'zingizning aviakompaniyangizning doimiy asosi uchun asos yaratadigan va shu bilan birga uning tashkiliy qismida qatnashadigan havo akademiyasiga ega bo'lish zarur edi, xuddi shu narsa West Point armiya singari xuddi shunday. Annapolis dengiz floti uchun ishlaydi. "^[14][15] Mitchellning dalillari qonun chiqaruvchilarda katta qiziqish uyg'otmadi va 1940-yillarning oxiriga kelibgina AQSh havo kuchlari akademiyasining kontseptsiyasi shakllana boshladi.^[14]

Havo akademiyasini qo'llab-quvvatlash ushbu yo'nalish bilan kuchaygan 1947 yildagi Milliy xavfsizlik to'g'risidagi qonun Qo'shma Shtatlar harbiy tarkibida alohida havo kuchlarini tashkil etishni nazarda tutgan. Dastlabki chora sifatida, havo kuchlari kotibi V. Styuart Simington 25% gacha bo'lgan kelishuvni muhokama qildi G'arbiy nuqta va Annapolis bitiruvchilar yangi tashkil etilgan Harbiy-havo kuchlarida o'zlarining komissiyalarini olish uchun ixtiyoriy ravishda qatnashishlari mumkin edi. Bu faqat qisqa muddatli tuzatish uchun mo'ljallangan edi, ammo xizmatlar o'rtasidagi kelishmovchiliklar tezda Servis Akademiyasi kengashini tashkil etishga olib keldi. Mudofaa vaziri Jeyms Forrestal. 1950 yil yanvar oyida Xizmat akademiyasi kengashi boshchiligida Duayt D. Eyzenxauer, keyin prezident Kolumbiya universiteti, havo kuchlari ehtiyojlarini mavjud bo'lgan ikkitasi qondira olmaydi degan xulosaga kelishdi AQSh xizmat akademiyalari va havo kuchlari akademiyasini tashkil etish kerak.^[14]

Kengash tavsiyasiga binoan, Kongress 1954 yilda Harbiy-havo kuchlari akademiyasini qurishni boshlash to'g'risida qonun qabul qildi va Prezident Eyzenxauer shu yilning 1 aprelida uni imzoladi.^[16] Qonun hujjatlarida yangi maktab joylashgan joyni aniqlash uchun maslahat komissiyasi tashkil etildi. Panel a'zolari orasida Charlz Lindberg, General Karl Spaatz va general-leytenant Xubert R. Xarmon, keyinchalik u akademiyaning birinchi rahbariga aylandi. Ko'rib chiqilgan dastlabki 582 ta sayt uchta ro'yxatga kiritildi: Alton, Illinoys; Jeneva ko'li, Viskonsin; va oxirgi sayt Kolorado-Springs, Kolorado. The Havo kuchlari kotibi, Xarold E. Talbott, 1954 yil 24-iyunda g'olib saytni e'lon qildi.^[17][18] Ayni paytda, Havo tayyorlash bo'yicha qo'mondonlik (ATC) Akademiya dasturi uchun batafsil o'quv dasturini ishlab chiqishni boshladi.^[14]

1954 yildan 1956 yilgacha Koloradoda er tuzish bo'yicha yangi tashkil etilgan komissiya yangi akademiyani qabul qiladigan er uchastkalarini sotib oldi. Sotib olingan birinchi posilka ham eng katta bo'lgan; Bu taniqli Lourens B. Lehmanga tegishli bo'lgan 4630 gektarlik soborli Rok Ranch edi Lehman sarmoyaviy oilasi. Sotib olish narxi 300 ming dollarni tashkil etdi yoki bir gektar uchun taxminan 65 dollar. Oxir oqibat qariyb 18,5 ming akrlik hukumat mulki bo'lgan 140 ta turli xil posilkalar sotib olindi.^[19]

Dastlabki yillar

Jismoniy tarbiya uchun birinchi USAFA sinfining kursantlari saf tortdi Lowry AFB 1955 yilda

Havo kuchlari akademiyasining dastlabki rahbariyati West Point va Annapolisning tegishli o'quv dasturini, fakultetini va talabalar shaharchasini loyihalashtirish modeliga ega edi. Birinchi sinfga kirganda akademiyaning doimiy sayti hali tugamagan edi, shuning uchun 306kursantlar 1959 sinfidan vaqtinchalik saytda qasamyod qabul qildilar Lowry havo kuchlari bazasi yilda Denver 1955 yil 11-iyulda.^[20] Lowryda bo'lganlarida, ular Ikkinchi Jahon urushi yangilangan baraklariga joylashtirilgan.^[21] Yangi kursantlarni tayyorlash uchun yuqori sinf kursantlari yo'q edi, shuning uchun Havo Kuchlari "Havo tayyorlash bo'yicha ofitserlar "(ATO) o'quv mashg'ulotlarini o'tkazish uchun. ATOlar kichik ofitserlar bo'lib, ularning aksariyati West Point, Annapolis, VMI va Qal'a. Keyingi bir necha yil ichida yuqori sinflar joylashguniga qadar ular o'rnini bosuvchi yuqori sinf kursantlari sifatida harakat qilishdi.^[14] Akademiyaning bag'ishlanish marosimi o'sha birinchi kuni bo'lib o'tdi va milliy televidenie orqali jonli efirda namoyish etildi Valter Kronkayt tadbirni yoritish.^[14] Arnold W. Braswell, asli Minden, Luiziana, 1955 yildan 1958 yilgacha bo'lgan akademiyada dastlabki to'rt nafar kadetlar otryadining qo'mondoni bo'lgan.^[22]

Kursantlar uchun o'ziga xos formani ishlab chiqishda, Havo kuchlari Gollivudga murojaat qilishdi. Taniqli rejissyor Sesil B. DeMil kursantlar paradining formasini ishlab chiqdi; uni bugun ham kursantlar kiyishadi.^[23]

1959 sinf hozirgi kunga qadar davom etadigan ko'plab boshqa muhim an'analarni o'rnatdi. Birinchi sinf qabul qildi Kadetlarning faxriy kodeksi va ni tanladi lochin sifatida Akademiyaning maskoti. 1958 yil 29 avgustda qanot 1145 nafar kursantdan Kolorado Springs yaqinidagi ushbu saytga ko'chib o'tish,^[24] va bir yildan kam vaqt o'tgach, Akademiya akkreditatsiyadan o'tdi. Birinchi USAFA klassi tugatildi va 1959 yil 3-iyun kuni foydalanishga topshirildi.^[9][25]

Vetnam

The Vetnam urushi akademiya bitiruvchilari jang qilgan va vafot etgan birinchi urush edi. Shunday qilib, bu akademiya xarakterining rivojlanishiga katta ta'sir ko'rsatdi. Ko'proq uchuvchilarga bo'lgan ehtiyoj tufayli, bu davrda akademiyaga talabalar soni sezilarli darajada o'sdi. Bitiruvchi sinflarning soni 1961 yildagi 217 kursantdan 1970 yilda 745 kursantga etdi.^[26] Akademiya binolari ham kengaytirildi va urush davrida harbiy havo kuchlarining ehtiyojlarini qondirish uchun treninglar o'zgartirildi. The Jekslar vodiysi dala o'quv maydoni qo'shildi, the Tirik qolish, qochish, qarshilik ko'rsatish va qochish (SERE) dasturi kengaytirildi va engil samolyotlarni tayyorlash 1968 yilda boshlandi.^[26]

Ushbu davrni tugatgan ko'plab akademiyalar bitiruvchilarga alohida e'tibor berishgan Vetnam urushi. F-4 Phantom II uchuvchi Stiv Ritchi '64 va qurol tizimlari xodimi Jeffri Faynshteyn '68 har biri bo'ldi ass jangda dushmanning beshta samolyotini ag'darish orqali.^[27][28] 141 bitiruvchi to'qnashuvda vafot etdi; 32 bitiruvchi bo'ldi harbiy asirlar. Litsan Sijan, '65, ikkala toifaga kirdi va mukofotga sazovor bo'lgan birinchi akademiya bitiruvchisi bo'ldi "Shuhrat" medali qo'lga olishdan qochishda va asirlikda bo'lgan qahramonligi tufayli.^[29] Kursantlar yotoqxonalaridan biri bo'lgan Sijan Hall uning xotirasida shunday nomlangan.

Urushga qarshi harakatning ta'siri akademiyada ham sezildi. Akademiya maydonlari odatda jamoatchilik uchun ochiq bo'lganligi sababli, akademiya ko'pincha urushga qarshi namoyishchilarning norozilik maydoniga aylangan.^[26]

Akademiyada ayollar

Akademiyaning 2020 yilgi klassi birinchi bo'lib yangi ofitserlarni bitirgan Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlarining kosmik kuchlari.

Akademiya tarixidagi eng muhim voqealardan biri ayollarni qabul qilish edi.^[30][31] 1975 yil 7 oktyabrda Prezident Jerald R. Ford ayollarning Qo'shma Shtatlardagi xizmat ko'rsatish akademiyalariga kirishiga ruxsat beruvchi qonun hujjatlari imzolandi. 1976 yil 26 iyunda 157 nafar ayol havo kuchlari akademiyasiga 1980 yil sinfiga o'qishga kirdi. Yuqori sinf kursantlari bo'lmaganligi sababli, Havo tayyorlash bo'yicha ofitser Akademiyaning dastlabki yillarida qo'llanilgan model qayta tiklandi va integratsiya jarayoniga yordam berish uchun o'n besh nafar yosh zobitlar jalb qilindi. Ayol kursantlar dastlab Kadet qanotining qolgan qismidan ajratilgan, ammo birinchi semestrdan keyin tayinlangan otryadlarga to'liq qo'shilishgan. 1980 yil 28-mayda asl ayol kadetlardan 97 nafari dasturni yakunladilar va akademiyani tugatdilar - bu bitiruvchilar sinfining 10 foizidan sal ko'proq. Ayollar eng so'nggi sinflarning 20 foizidan sal ko'proqrog'ini tashkil qilgan, 2016 yilgi sinf barcha sinflarning eng yuqori ulushiga ega, 25%.^[32]

Dastlabki sinflarning ko'plab ayollari Kadet qanotida va maktabni tugatgandan so'ng muvaffaqiyatga erishdilar (quyida Akademiya bitiruvchilari ro'yxatiga qarang). Ushbu muvaffaqiyatlarga qaramay, integratsiya masalalari uzoq vaqtdan beri ko'rinib turardi. Ayol kursantlar maktabni tark etish darajasi erkaklarnikiga nisbatan doimiy ravishda yuqori bo'lgan va Havo kuchlarini erkaklarnikiga qaraganda ko'proq tark etishgan.^[33]

Yaqin tarix

Ga javoban Covid-19 pandemiyasi, Akademiya 2020 sinfini olti hafta oldin tugatdi. Bu har qanday USAFA sinfining birinchi marta foydalanishga topshirilishi va shu vaqtdan beri har qanday harbiy akademiya uchun birinchi marotaba bo'lgan Ikkinchi jahon urushi. Bu, shuningdek, kursantlarga birinchi marta topshirilgan edi AQSh kosmik kuchlari, bilan General Jey Raymond 86 bitiruvchiga qasamyod qilish.^[34]

Talabalar shaharchasi va inshootlari

Ichki Kadet cherkovi

Havo kuchlari akademiyasining joylashuvi bo'yicha dastlabki takliflar Arizona shtatidagi Preskott o'rtasida bo'lgan; Linn, Viskonsin; Alton, Illinoys va Kolorado Springs, Kolorado. Tanlov komissiyasi yakuniy ro'yxatni faqat Alton, Linn va Kolorado Springsga qisqartirdi. Yakuniy tanlov Kolorado Springsga nasib etdi.^[35]

Akademiyaning talabalar shaharchasi 18455 gektar maydonni (29 kvadrat mil; 75 km) egallaydi²) ning sharq tomonida Rampart tizmasi ning Toshli tog'lar, shimol tomonda Kolorado-Springs.^[5] Uning balandlik odatda yuqorida 7258 fut (2212 m) balandlikda berilgan dengiz sathi, bu kadet hududida joylashgan. Akademiya tomonidan loyihalashtirilgan Skidmore, Owings va Merrill (SOM) va bosh arxitektor Valter Netsch. SOM sherigi Jon O. Merrill qurilishni nazorat qilish va loyihaning vakili sifatida ishlash uchun Chikagodan Kolorado Springs dala ofisiga ko'chib o'tdi.^[36]

SOM tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan Havo kuchlari akademiyasining eng munozarali tomoni shu edi cherkov.^[37] U SOM me'mori Valter Netsch tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan bo'lib, u bir vaqtning o'zida dizayndan voz kechishga tayyor edi;^[38] ammo akkordeonga o'xshash tuzilish akademiya shaharchasining ramziy belgisi sifatida tan olingan.

Kadetlar maydoni

Kadetlar zonasidagi binolar aniq, zamonaviy uslubda ishlab chiqilgan bo'lib, tashqi tomondan alyuminiydan keng foydalanilgan, bu samolyot yoki kosmik kemalarning tashqi terisini ko'rsatmoqda.^[39] 2004 yil 1 aprelda, Kongress akademiya binosiga ruxsat berganidan ellik yil o'tgach, Akademiyadagi Kadetlar zonasi Milliy tarixiy yo'nalish.^[40][41]

Kadetlar zonasidagi asosiy binolar "Terrazzo" nomi bilan tanilgan katta, to'rtburchak pavilyon atrofida joylashgan bo'lib, eng taniqli - 17 tirnoqli Kadet cherkovi.^[42] Dastlab qurilganida tortishuvlar mavzusi, hozirgi kunda u zamonaviy Amerika akademik me'morchiligining eng taniqli namunalaridan biri hisoblanadi. Terrazzodagi boshqa binolarga Vandenberg zali va Sijan zali, ikkita yotoqxona kiradi; Mitchell Hall, kursantlarning ovqatlanish joyi; va akademik sinflar, laboratoriyalar, ilmiy-tadqiqot muassasalari, fakultetlar ofislari va binolarni joylashgan asosiy o'quv binosi - Fairchild Hall Robert F. McDermott Kutubxona.

Aeronavtika tadqiqot markazida ("Aero Lab" deb ham nomlanadi) ko'plab aeronavtika tadqiqotlari, jumladan transonik, tovushli, past tezlikli va kaskadli inshootlar mavjud. shamol tunnellari; dvigatel va raketa sinov hujayralari; va simulyatorlar.^[43] Konsolide Education and Training Facility (CETF) 1997 yilda Fairchild Hall-ga ilova sifatida qurilgan. Uning tarkibida kimyo va biologiya xonalari va laboratoriyalari, tibbiyot va stomatologik klinikalar, shuningdek, qurilish va astronavtika laboratoriyalari mavjud. Kadet hududida shuningdek, rasadxona va akademik foydalanish va navigatsiya mashg'ulotlari uchun planetariy mavjud.

Kursantlar ijtimoiy markazi Arnold Xolld bo'lib, Kadetlar zonasidan tashqarida joylashgan bo'lib, u erda 3000 o'rinli teatr, bal zal, ko'plab dam olish joylari, kursantlar va mehmonlar uchun ovqatlanish va dam olish maskanlari joylashgan. Harmon Hall - bu ma'muriyatning asosiy binosi bo'lib, u erda ofislar joylashgan Boshliq va nazoratchi xodimlar.

Kadet zonasida, shuningdek, kollejlararo yengil atletika, maktab ichidagi yengil atletika, jismoniy tarbiya mashg'ulotlari va boshqa jismoniy tarbiya mashg'ulotlarida qatnashadigan kursantlar foydalanishi uchun keng imkoniyatlar mavjud. Ko'p sonli ochiq sport maydonlari orasida joylashgan Kadetlar gimnaziyasi va Kadetlar dala uyi. Fieldhouse - bu uy Clune Arena, muzli xokkey maydonchasi va sportning bir qator turlari uchun yopiq mashg'ulotlar o'tkaziladigan bino sifatida ishlaydigan yopiq yo'l. Falcon stadioni Kadet hududidan tashqarida joylashgan futbol bitiruv marosimlari o'tkaziladigan maydon va maydon.^[11]

Esdalik namoyishlari

Sinf devori Kadet cherkovining past qismida joylashgan.

Cadet Area atrofidagi ko'plab ko'rgazmalar qahramonlar va havo kuchlari kashshoflarini yodga oladi va kursantlarga ilhom manbai bo'lib xizmat qiladi. The Urush yodgorligi, Terrazzodagi bayroq ustunining ostida joylashgan qora marmar devor, jangda halok bo'lgan akademiya bitiruvchilarining ismlari bilan bitilgan. The Hurmatli devor, ga e'tibor bermay Terrazzo, bilan yozilgan Kadetlarning faxriy kodeksi: "Biz yolg'on gapirmaymiz, xiyonat qilmaymiz va o'g'irlamaymiz, yoki qilganlarga oramizda toqat qilmaymiz." Kadet cherkovi ostida Sinf devori akademiyaning bitiruvchi sinflarining har birining tepaliklarini ko'taradi. Hozirgi birinchi (katta) sinfning tepasi markaz holatida aks etadi. Ko'pincha akademiyaning ramzi sifatida ishlatiladigan yana bir namoyish Burgut va Fledglings haykali shaxsiy tarkibi tomonidan 1958 yilda Akademiyaga sovg'a sifatida berilgan Havo tayyorlash bo'yicha qo'mondonlik. Unda Ostin Dusti Millerning "Insonning hayot orqali parvozi uning bilim kuchi bilan ta'minlanadi" degan yozuv mavjud. Akademiya maydonida statik havo va kosmik qurilmalar displeylari an F-4, F-15, F-16 va F-105 ustida Terrazzo; a B-52 Shimoliy darvoza yonida; a T-38 va A-10 aerodromda; an F-100 tayyorlov maktabi tomonidan; a SV-5J ko'tarish tanasi aviatsiya laboratoriyasining yonida; va a Minuteman III raketa Fieldhouse oldida. Minuteman III 12 yil oldin 2008 yil avgustida zang va boshqa ichki shikastlanishlar tufayli olib tashlangan.^{[iqtibos kerak ]}

"Asosiy qadriyatlar rampasi" (ilgari "Menga erkaklar rampasini olib keling" deb nomlangan) asosiy Terrazzo sathidan parad maydoniga qarab olib boradi. Ishlash kunida yangi kursantlar rampa bazasiga kelib, harbiy va akademik hayotga o'tishni rampadan ko'tarilish bilan boshlashadi. Terrazzo. 1964 yildan 2004 yilgacha rampa tagidagi portalda "Kelayotgan amerikalik" she'ridan olingan "Menga erkaklar keltiringlar ..." so'zlari yozilgan. Samuel Valter Foss. 2003 yildan so'ng tortishuvli harakatlarda jinsiy tajovuz janjali, "Menga odamlarni olib keling ..." degan so'zlar olib tashlandi va o'rniga akademiyaning (keyinchalik Havo Kuchlarining asosiy kuchi sifatida qabul qilingan) asosiy qadriyatlari bilan almashtirildi: "Avvalambor benuqsonlik, o'ziga xizmat qilish va har bir narsada ustunlik".^[11]

Air Academy High School

1300 dan ortiq o'quvchilar ro'yxatiga olingan, Air Academy High School yagona hisoblanadi o'rta maktab AQShda harbiy akademiya asosida qurilgan. Bu shtatdagi akademik standartlar bo'yicha birinchi o'ntalikka kiradi. Qismi 20-maktab (D20), uning yurish guruhi davlat chempionatlarida muntazam ravishda birinchi o'ntalikka kiradi. D20 shuningdek an Boshlang'ich maktab akademiya hududida.

Talabalar shaharchasidagi boshqa joylar

Kursantlar mashg'ulotlari doirasida planerlarda uchish imkoniyatiga ega.

Talabalar shaharchasidagi boshqa joylar kursantlarni o'qitish va boshqa asosiy funktsiyalar uchun yordamchi rollarni bajaradi. Doolittle Hall akademiyaning bitiruvchilar assotsiatsiyasining bosh qarorgohi bo'lib, kadetlarning asosiy mashg'ulotlariga kelgan yangi kursantlarni dastlabki qabul qilish punkti bo'lib xizmat qiladi. Uning nomi berilgan General Jimmi Dolittl. Akademiyaning uzoq yillik targ'ibotchisi nomi bilan atalgan Goldwater Visitor Center Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari senatori Barri Goldwater, oila a'zolari, do'stlari va sayyohlar uchun Akademiya maydoniga tashrif buyuradiganlar uchun markaz. The Akademiya Aerodrom kursantlarni parashyutda o'qitish, parvoz va parvoz bilan shug'ullanishni o'z ichiga olgan aviatsiya kurslarida o'qitish uchun foydalaniladi. Interment Akademiya qabristoni akademiya kursantlari va bitiruvchilari, ba'zi katta ofitserlar, akademiyaning ayrim xodimlari va boshqa ba'zi oila a'zolari bilan cheklangan. Havo quvvati bilan bog'liq muhim narsalar Karl Spaatz, Kertis E. LeMay va Robin Olds, bu erda joylashgan.^{[iqtibos kerak ]}

The Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari havo kuchlari akademiyasining tayyorgarlik maktabi (odatda "Tayyorgarlik maktabi" deb nomlanadi) - bu to'g'ridan-to'g'ri Akademiyaga tayinlash imkoniga ega bo'lmagan tanlangan shaxslarga taklif qilingan dastur. Dastur o'quvchilarni akademiyaga tayinlash uchun tayyorlash uchun mo'ljallangan kuchli sport tayyorgarligini (xususan ingliz tili, matematika va tabiatshunoslik), sport va harbiy mashg'ulotlarni o'z ichiga oladi. Yuqori foiz USAFA tayyorlov maktabi talabalar ("Preppies" deb nomlanuvchi) tayyorgarlik maktabida o'qiganlaridan keyin akademiyaga yozilishadi.^{[iqtibos kerak ]}

Hurmat kodeksi va xarakterlarni tarbiyalash

1300 dan ortiq asosiy kursantlar 2009 yil 26 iyunda bo'lib o'tgan Tantanali qasamyod marosimida salomlashmoqda Kadet cherkovi fonda.

The Kadetlarning faxriy kodeksi kursantning kasbiy tayyorgarligi va rivojlanishining tamal toshi - kursantlar o'zlaridan va hamkasblaridan kutadigan eng kam axloqiy me'yor. Faxriy Kodeks 1959 yil akademiyasi tomonidan tugatilgan birinchi sinf tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan va qabul qilingan va keyingi har bir sinfga topshirilgan.^[44][45] Kodning o'zi oddiy:

Biz yolg'on gapirmaymiz, o'g'irlamaymiz yoki xiyonat qilmaymiz va qilganlarga oramizda toqat qilmaymiz.^[44]

1984 yilda Kadetlar qanoti barcha kursantlar tomonidan qabul qilinishi kerak bo'lgan "Faxriy qasamyod" qo'shishga ovoz berdi. Qasamyod to'rtinchi sinf kursantlariga (birinchi kurs talabalariga), Kadetlarni tayyorlashning yakuniy qismida qanotga rasmiy ravishda qabul qilinganda beriladi.^[45] Qasamyod 1984 yilda qabul qilinganidan beri o'zgarishsiz qolmoqda va kodeks bayonotidan iborat bo'lib, undan keyin vijdonli yashash to'g'risida qaror qabul qilindi ("Shunday qilib menga Xudoga yordam bering" iborasi endi ixtiyoriy):

Biz yolg'on gapirmaymiz, o'g'irlamaymiz yoki xiyonat qilmaymiz va qilganlarga oramizda toqat qilmaymiz. Bundan tashqari, men o'z burchimni bajarishga va sharafli yashashga qaror qildim (shuning uchun menga Xudo yordam bering).

— "Faxriy kodlar bo'yicha qo'llanma"

Kursantlar kodeksning "qo'riqchilari va boshqaruvchilari" hisoblanadi. Kursantlarning faxriy vakillari yuqori darajadagi rahbariyat tomonidan tanlanadi va sharaf tizimida ta'lim mashg'ulotlarini olib borish va sharaf buzilishida gumon qilinganlarni tekshirish orqali nazorat qilinadi. Qanot bo'ylab kursantlar faxriy yorliqlarga o'tirishi kutilmoqda sudyalar kursantlar kodeksni buzganligini aniqlaydilar. Kadetlar, shuningdek, qoidabuzarliklar uchun sanktsiyalarni tavsiya etadilar. Shaxsiy sharafni buzganlik uchun taxmin qilingan sanktsiya bekor qilishdir, ammo engillashtiruvchi omillar buzuvchini bir muncha vaqt sinov muddatiga olib kelishi mumkin. Ushbu "sharafli sinov" odatda akademiyadagi dastlabki ikki yilda kursantlar uchungina saqlanadi.^{[iqtibos kerak ]}

Kelajakdagi ofitserlar uchun sharaf, xarakter va benuqsonlikning ahamiyatini kuchaytirish uchun kursantlarga keng xarakter va etakchilik o'quv dasturi beriladi. Akademiyaning Xarakter va etakchilikni rivojlantirish markazi barcha kursantlarga kursantlarning asosiy mashg'ulotlariga kirgandan boshlab va har yili akademiyadagi so'nggi semestrlarida davom etadigan sinf, seminar, seminar va tajribaga asoslangan o'quv dasturlarini taqdim etadi. Markaz dasturlari Faxriy kodeks va sharaf tizimiga qo'shilib, Akademiya ishlab chiqarishga intilayotgan "xarakter peshqadamlari" uchun asos yaratadi.^[46]

Tashkilot

Akademiya tashkiloti bir qator jihatlardan noodatiy hisoblanadi. Bu asosan harbiy qism bo'lganligi sababli, Akademiyaning ko'pgina tuzilmalari boshqa havo kuchlari bazasi kabi tuzilgan. Bu, ayniqsa, kadet bo'lmagan bo'limlarga taalluqlidir - ularning ko'pchiligiga tayinlangan 10-havo bazasi qanoti Xavfsizlik, aloqa va muhandislik kabi asosiy xizmatlarni taqdim etadi. Akademiya ham universitet bo'lganligi sababli, fakultet tashkiloti va Kadet qanoti fuqarolik kollejidagi professor-o'qituvchilar va talabalar jamoasiga o'xshash jihatlarga ega.

Kadet qanoti

Havo kuchlari akademiyasi kursantlari maktabni tugatgandan so'ng bayram qilishmoqda.

Akademiyaning talabalar jamoasi "Kadet qanoti" nomi bilan mashhur. "Kursantlar" deb nomlangan talabalar, fuqarolik kolleji singari, o'qigan yillariga qarab to'rtta sinfga bo'lingan. Ular deb nomlanmaydi birinchi kurs talabalari, ikkinchi kurs talabalari, kichik va katta yoshdagilar, ammo, lekin to'rtinchi, uchinchi, ikkinchi va birinchi sinf kursantlari navbati bilan. To'rtinchi sinf kursantlari (birinchi kurs talabalari) ko'pincha "doolies" deb atashadi, bu atama yunoncha "qulos" ("doulos") so'zidan kelib chiqqan bo'lib, "qul" yoki "xizmatkor" degan ma'noni anglatadi.^[47] Uchta quyi sinf a'zolari o'z sinflariga qarab "4 daraja", "3 daraja" yoki "2 daraja" deb ham nomlanadi.^[48] Birinchi darajali kursantlar (qariyalar) "birinchi" deb nomlanadi. Kadet qanotining harbiy tuzilmasida birinchi sinf kursantlari kursant ofitserlari lavozimini egallaydi, ikkinchi darajali kursantlar kursant ofitserlari, uchinchi sinf kursantlari esa kursant kichik ofitserlarning vakili.^{[iqtibos kerak ]}

Kadet qanoti to'rtga bo'lingan guruhlar, o'n kursantning otryadlar har biri. Har bir kursant otryadlari taxminan to'rtta sinf o'rtasida teng taqsimlangan 110 ga yaqin kursantlardan iborat. Tanlangan birinchi, ikkinchi va uchinchi toifadagi kursantlar otryad, guruh va qanot darajalarida etakchilik, operatsion va yordamchi ishlarni bajaradilar. Kursantlar o'z otryadlari a'zolari bilan birga yashaydilar, yuradilar va ovqatlanadilar. Harbiy mashg'ulotlar va maktab ichidagi yengil atletika ham eskadron tomonidan olib boriladi. Har bir kursant otryadini va kursant guruhini an deb nomlangan maxsus tanlangan faol navbatchi boshqaradi Havo ofitseri qo'mondonligi (AOC). Kursantlar otryadida AOC odatda faol harbiy havo kuchlari hisoblanadi katta. Ba'zida, armiyada, dengiz flotida yoki dengiz piyodalarida teng darajadagi ofitserlar akademiyada xizmat qilayotganda eskadron uchun AOC sifatida tanlanishi mumkin. Kursantlar guruhi uchun AOC odatda faol vazifadir podpolkovnik. Ushbu ofitserlar kursantlar ustidan qo'mondonlik vakolatiga ega, etakchilar va harbiy martaba masalalari bo'yicha kursantlarga maslahat berishadi, harbiy tayyorgarlikni nazorat qiladilar va bo'lajak ofitserlarga o'rnak bo'ladilar.^{[iqtibos kerak ]} AOCdan tashqari, kadetlar otryadlari va guruhlari ham AOC singari ishni bajaradigan, akademiya harbiy o'qituvchisi (AMT) deb nomlanuvchi, xizmatdagi oddiy ofitser tomonidan boshqariladi.

Bazani tashkil etish

The Boshliq akademiyaning qo'mondoni va katta ofitseri. Nazoratchi lavozimini odatda faol navbatchi egallaydi general-leytenant. Nazoratchining roli taxminan fuqarolik universiteti prezidentining vazifasiga o'xshaydi. Shunday qilib, boshliq akademiyaning barcha jabhalarini, shu jumladan harbiy tayyorgarlik, akademiklar, yengil atletika, o'qishga qabul qilishni nazorat qiladi va shuningdek, akademiyani rezervatsiya qilish komandiri vazifasini bajaradi. Akademiya a To'g'ridan-to'g'ri hisobot berish bo'limi havo kuchlari tarkibida, shuning uchun boshliq to'g'ridan-to'g'ri hisobot beradi Havo kuchlari shtabi boshlig'i.^[49]

Nazoratchiga hisobot beruvchilar orasida fakultet dekani va kursantlar komendantlari ham bor, ularning har biri odatda ilmiy darajaga ega. brigada generali, shuningdek, yengil atletika bo'yicha direktor, 10-havo bazasi qanoti va qo'mondoni Tayyorgarlik maktabi, ularning har biri odatda darajasiga ega polkovnik. 10-havo bazasi qanoti boshqa havo kuchlari bazalarida mavjud bo'lgan barcha bazaviy qo'llab-quvvatlash funktsiyalarini, shu jumladan fuqarolik muhandisligi, aloqa, tibbiy yordam, xodimlar, ma'muriyat, xavfsizlik va bazaviy xizmatlarni taqdim etadi. Tayyorgarlik maktabi akademiyaga qabul qilinishidan oldin qo'shimcha tayyorgarlikka muhtoj bo'lishi mumkin bo'lgan malakali yigit-qizlar uchun akademik, sport va harbiy dasturlarni taqdim etadi. Akademiyadagi barcha uchish dasturlari 306-chi uchish bo'yicha o'quv guruhi ga hisobot beradigan Havo ta'limi va o'qitish qo'mondonligi, boshqa havo kuchlari bilan parvozlarni tayyorlashning bir xilligini ta'minlash.^{[iqtibos kerak ]}

Tashrif buyuruvchilar kengashi

Akademiyaning Kongress nazorati Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Kodeksi, 9355-bo'lim 10-sarlavhasi ostida tashkil etilgan Tashrif buyuruvchilar Kengashi (BOV) orqali amalga oshiriladi. Kengash axloq, intizom, o'quv dasturi, o'qitish, jismoniy jihozlar, fiskal ishlar, o'quv uslublari va Akademiyaga tegishli boshqa masalalar. Kengash yiliga kamida to'rt marotaba yig'ilib, o'z fikri va tavsiyalarini o'z ichiga olgan yarim yillik hisobotlarni tayyorlaydi Mudofaa vaziri, Senatning Qurolli kuchlar qo'mitasi, va Qurolli kuchlar qo'mitasi. BOVning 15 a'zosi AQSh Prezidenti, vitse-prezident, Senat va Vakillar Qurolli kuchlari qo'mitalari va Vakillar palatasining spikeri. 2006 yildan beri kengash tarkibiga kamida ikkita akademiya bitiruvchisi kiritilishi shart. 2009 yil iyulda Spiker Nensi Pelosi Kolorado kongressmeniga tayinlandi Jared Polis BOVga, xizmat ko'rsatish akademiyasining maslahat kengashida ishlagan birinchi ochiq gey odam.^[50]

Asoslangan birliklar

Akademiyada ko'plab muntazam USAF bo'linmalari joylashgan.^[51] GSU bilan belgilangan birliklar Geografik jihatdan alohida bo'linmalar AQSh havo kuchlari akademiyasida joylashgan bo'lsa-da, boshqa joyda joylashgan ota-onalarga bo'ysunadi.

Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari havo kuchlari

Harbiy tayyorgarlik

Ushbu bo'lim uchun qo'shimcha iqtiboslar kerak tekshirish. Iltimos yordam bering ushbu maqolani yaxshilang tomonidan ishonchli manbalarga iqtiboslarni qo'shish. Resurs manbasi bo'lmagan material shubha ostiga olinishi va olib tashlanishi mumkin. (2011 yil avgust) (Ushbu shablon xabarini qanday va qachon olib tashlashni bilib oling)

Shuningdek qarang: Sandxerst musobaqasi (harbiy mahorat tadbirlari)

USAFA ning DA40 at RIAT 2010

Kursantlarning harbiy mashg'ulotlari akademiyadagi barcha vaqtlarida o'tkaziladi, ammo to'rt yoz davomida juda kuchli. Yangi kursantlar uchun birinchi harbiy tajriba ("asosiy kursantlar" deb nomlanadi) to'rtinchi sinf (birinchi kurs) yilidan oldin yozda Kadetlarni tayyorlashning olti haftasida (BCT) sodir bo'ladi. "Hayvon" deb ham ataladigan BCT paytida kursantlar birinchi va ikkinchi darajali kursantlar rahbarligida harbiy va akademik hayot asoslarini o'rganadilar.^[52] Asosiy kursantlar harbiy urf-odatlar va odob-axloq qoidalarini, formani to'g'ri kiyishni, mashg'ulot va marosimlarni o'rganadilar, harbiy bilimlarni o'rganadilar va qattiq jismoniy tarbiya dasturidan o'tadilar. BCT-ning ikkinchi yarmida asosiy kursantlar yurishadi Jekslar vodiysi, bu erda ular dasturni dala qarorgohi muhitida yakunlaydilar. BCT tugagandan so'ng, asosiy kursantlar to'rtinchi sinfni oladilar elkama taxtalari, Faxriy qasamyod qiling va Kadet qanoti a'zolari sifatida rasmiy ravishda qabul qilindi.^[53]

Akademiyada to'rtinchi sinf (birinchi kurs) an'anaviy ravishda harbiy jihatdan eng qiyin yil hisoblanadi. To'liq akademik kurslarga qo'shimcha ravishda, sinfdan tashqari to'rtinchi sinf kursantlariga katta talablar qo'yiladi. To'rtinchi sinf kursantlari harbiy va akademiyaga oid ko'plab bilimlarni o'rganishlari va ularning harakatlari va harakatlariga jiddiy cheklovlar qo'yilishi kutilmoqda - Kadet hududidan faqat tasdiqlangan marshrutlar bo'ylab o'tish (shu jumladan, Terrazzo shahridagi marmar "chiziqlar" da qolish) va juda aniq dekorativlik yordamida yuqori sinf kursantlari bilan o'zaro aloqada bo'lish. To'rtinchi sinf yili "E'tirof" bilan yakunlanadi, bu jismoniy va ruhiy jihatdan talabchan bir necha kunlik tadbir bo'lib, u mukofot bilan yakunlanadi. Prop va Wings to'rtinchi sinf kursantlariga nishonlar, ularning yuqori sinf kursantlari safiga ko'tarilishini anglatadi. E'tirof etilgandan so'ng, to'rtinchi sinf yilidagi qat'iy qoidalar yumshatiladi.^{[iqtibos kerak ]}

Birinchi kursdan keyin kursantlarda yozgi harbiy mashg'ulotlar uchun ko'proq imkoniyatlar mavjud. To'rtinchi va uchinchi sinflar o'rtasida kursantlar Adventure Based Learning (ABL) davomida shaxslararo va kichik guruh bo'linmalari mashg'ulotlarida qatnashadilar va uchishda qatnashishlari mumkin. planerlar, kiber urushga tayyorgarlik, sun'iy yo'ldosh va kosmik operatsiyalar, uchuvchisiz tizimlar yoki erkin tushish parashyut mashqlari. 2020 yil yozigacha kursantlar ekspeditsiya va omon qolish mashg'ulotlarida qatnashdilar. 1960-yillarning oxiridan 1990-yillarning o'rtalariga qadar kursantlar ham o'qishni yakunladilar XIZMAT da o'qitish Jekslar vodiysi to'rtinchi va uchinchi sinf yillari orasidagi murakkab. Ushbu dastur 1995 yilda Combat Survival Training (CST) bilan almashtirildi va butunlay 2005 yilda tugatildi. 2008 yil yozida CST dasturi qayta tiklandi, ammo 2011 yilda yana to'xtatildi va o'rniga Ekspeditsiya, Survival va qochish bo'yicha trening ( ESET) 2012 yil yozida (ESET dasturida birinchi bo'lib 2015 yilgi sinf ishtirok etdi). So'nggi ikki yoz davomida kursantlar BCT kadrlari sifatida xizmat qilishlari, faol harbiy havo kuchlari bazalariga borishlari va boshqa turli xil tadqiqot, aviatsiya va etakchilik dasturlarida ishtirok etishlari mumkin. Shuningdek, ular boshqa harbiy xizmatlar, masalan, AQSh armiyasi tomonidan taklif qilingan kurslarda qatnashishlari mumkin Havodagi maktab da Fort Benning, Gruziya yoki Havo hujumi maktabi, da Fort Kempbell, Kentukki. O'quv yili davomida barcha kursantlar harbiy nazariya, operatsiyalar va etakchilik bo'yicha rasmiy mashg'ulotlarda qatnashadilar.

Akademiklar

Havo bog'larining janubiy uchida joylashgan Burgut va Fledglings haykali "Insonning hayot orqali parvozi uning bilim kuchi bilan ta'minlanadi" degan so'z bilan yozilgan.

Havo kuchlari akademiyasi - bu turli mavzularda bakalavr darajalarini taqdim etadigan to'rt yillik akkreditatsiyalangan universitet. Faoliyatdagi havo kuchlari ofitserlari fakultetning taxminan 70 foizini tashkil etadi, ular tarkibida uzoq muddatli fuqarolik professorlari, fuqarolik universitetlarining tashrif buyurgan professorlari va boshqa AQSh va ittifoqdosh xorijiy harbiy xizmatlarning o'qituvchilari bor. So'nggi yillarda tinch fuqarolar katta o'qituvchilarning o'sib borayotgan qismiga aylandi.

Fakultetning har bir dekani (aksariyat universitetlarning Provostiga teng) har doim faol brigada generali bo'lgan, garchi texnik jihatdan fuqaro bu lavozimni egallashi mumkin. Dekan, dekan muovini va har bir ilmiy bo'lim kafedrasi doimiy professor ilmiy unvoniga ega. Doimiy professorlar Qo'shma Shtatlar Prezidenti tomonidan tayinlanadi va Senat tomonidan tasdiqlanadi va ular 64 yoshgacha ishlashlari mumkin. Fakultetning hozirgi dekani brigada generali. Linell Letendre.

Barcha talabalar, asosiy talablarning texnik mazmuni tufayli, ixtisosligidan qat'i nazar, bakalavr ilmiy darajasini oladi. Kursantlar turli yo'nalishlardan, shu jumladan muhandislik, asosiy fanlar, ijtimoiy va gumanitar fanlar, shuningdek, turli xil bo'limlar yoki intizomlararo fanlardan tanlashlari mumkin. Akademik dastur keng qamrovli asosiy o'quv dasturiga ega bo'lib, unda barcha kursantlar fan, muhandislik, ijtimoiy fanlar, gumanitar fanlar, harbiy tadqiqotlar va jismoniy tarbiya bo'yicha kerakli kurslarni o'taydilar. Kursant kursining taxminan oltmish foizi asosiy o'quv rejasi bilan belgilanadi. Natijada, kursantning dastlabki ikki yilining aksariyati asosiy sinflarda o'tkaziladi. Uchinchi va to'rtinchi yillarda asosiy talablar muhim bo'lib qolsa-da, kursantlar o'zlarining asosiy o'qish yo'nalishlari bo'yicha ko'proq moslashuvchanlikka ega bo'lib, ularga xalqaro va xizmatlararo Akademiya almashinuv dasturlarida qatnashish imkoniyatini beradi.

An'anaga ko'ra, Havo Kuchlari Akademiyasidagi akademik dastur (umuman harbiy akademiyalar singari) ko'pgina bitiruvchilardan murakkab havo, kosmik va axborot texnologiyalari tizimlarini boshqarish kutilmoqda degan fikr bilan fan va muhandislikka katta e'tibor qaratdi. Natijada, Akademiyaning muhandislik dasturlari an'anaviy ravishda yuqori o'rinlarni egallab kelmoqda. Vaqt o'tishi bilan, ammo Akademiya gumanitar fanlar bo'yicha takliflarini kengaytirdi. Kursantlarning taxminan 47 foizi odatda texnik bo'lmagan fanlarning asosiy yo'nalishlarini tanlaydi.^[54] Yaqinda akademiyaning kompyuter va tarmoq xavfsizligi dasturini amalga oshirishi shaklga qaytishni anglatishi mumkin.^[55]

Havo kuchlari akademiyasida tashqi moliyalashtirilgan tadqiqotlar texnik yo'nalishlarning katta va o'sib boruvchi qismi bo'ldi. Milliy Ilmiy Jamg'arma hisobotiga ko'ra, federal byudjet tomonidan moliyalashtiriladigan tadqiqotlarda havo kuchlari faqat bakalavriat uchun mo'ljallangan barcha universitetlarning eng yuqori pog'onasini egalladi va 2010 yilda 60 million dollardan oshdi.^{[iqtibos kerak ]} Ko'plab kursantlar akademiyaning o'ndan ortiq ilmiy markazlarida, shu jumladan Axborot texnologiyalarini tatbiq etish instituti, Milliy xavfsizlikni o'rganish instituti, Havo kuchlari gumanitar instituti, Eyzenxauer kosmik va mudofaa tadqiqotlari markazida muvofiqlashtirilgan asosiy yo'nalishlari bo'yicha tadqiqotlarda qatnashadilar. hayot fanlari ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi, fizika ta'limi tadqiqotlari akademiyasi markazi va boshqalar.

Kiber raqobat jamoasi

The Air Force Academy has a Cyber Competition team that operates under the Dean of the Faculty and the Department of Computer and Cyber Science.

In November 2017, teams from Air Force took both first and second in a competition against the U.S. Military Academy, the U.S. Naval Academy, and the U.S. Coast Guard Academy at the CyberStakes Live competition in Las Vegas, Nevada.^[56]

In March 2019, the team won the Atlantic Council's national Cyber 9/12 Strategy Challenge in Washington, DC.^[57]

2019 yil aprel oyida Milliy xavfsizlik agentligi announced that the U.S. Air Force Academy was the winner of the 2019 NSA Cyber Exercise. The events included forensics, cyber policy, data analysis, software development, and a cyber combat scenario.^[58]

In 2018, the USAFA Class of 1968 announced that they would adopt the Cyber Team, with the goal of raising over $500,000 to establish a permanent endowment to cover travel expenses and other costs.^[56]

Yengil atletika

United States Air Force Academy mascot

Echo, one of USAFA's trained prairie falcon mascots

All cadets at the Academy take part in the school's extensive athletic program. The program is designed to enhance the physical conditioning of all cadets, to develop the physical skills necessary for officership, to teach leadership in a competitive environment and to build character.^[59] The primary elements of the athletic program are intercollegiate athletics, intramural athletics, jismoniy ta'lim, and the physical fitness tests.

Jismoniy ta'lim

Cadets are required to take physical education courses in each of their four years at the academy. All fourth-class cadets are required to take Boks and Physical Development. All third-class cadets are required to take Swimming (or Basic Swimming), Water Survival, and an individual sport elective such as tennis, racquetball, golf, indoor rock climbing, or Warrior Enhancement Yoga. Second-class cadets are required to take Combatives I & II (unarmed combat) and a team sports elective such as volleyball, basketball, softball, or soccer. First-class cadets are required to take two open elective courses such as Introduction to Combatives, Functional Fitness, Team or Individual Sport Elective(s), Independent Exercise (C1C/C2C cadets only) or Cadet Instructor (C1C/C2C cadets only).^[60] Cadets participating in inter-collegiate sports typically have a modified course schedule for completing their required PE courses.

Jismoniy tayyorgarlik testlari

Each semester, cadets must pass two athletic fitness tests, the AFT and PFT: a 1.5 mi (2.4 km) run to measure aerobic fitness, and a 15-minute, 5-event, physical fitness test consisting of tortish, a uzunlikka sakrash, o'tirib turish, otjimaniye "mashqi and a 600 yd (550 m) yugurish.^[61] Failure to pass a fitness test usually results in the cadet being assigned to a reconditioning course until they can pass the test. Repeated failures can lead to disenrollment by the Physical Education Review Committee.^[62]

Intramural athletics

All cadets are required to compete in ichki athletics for their entire time at the Academy, unless they are on-season for intercollegiate athletics. Intramural sports put cadet squadrons against one another in many sports, including basketball, kesib o'tuvchi joy; yo'lsizlik, bayroq futboli, muzli xokkey, raketbol, flickerball, regbi ittifoqi, boks, futbol, tog 'velosipedi, voleybol, jamoaviy gandbol, tennis, Yakuniy, wallyball va voleybol. Winning the Wing Championship in a given sport is a particular source of pride for a cadet squadron.^[63]

Kollejlararo yengil atletika

The academy's intercollegiate program has 17 men's and 10 women's NCAA sanctioned teams, nicknamed the Falcons.^[59] Men's teams compete in futbol, baseball, basketball, ice hockey, kesib o'tuvchi joy; yo'lsizlik, qilichbozlik, golf, gymnastics, indoor and outdoor track, lakros, soccer, swimming and diving, tennis, water polo and kurash. Women's teams include basketball, cross-country, fencing, gymnastics, indoor and outdoor track, swimming and diving, soccer, tennis and volleyball. The Academy fields a coeducational team in miltiq. In addition, the Academy also sponsors two non-NCAA programs: cheerleading va boks. The Academy also has several club sports, such as rugby, that compete at an intercollegiate level outside of the NCAA.^{[iqtibos kerak ]}

The men's and women's programs compete in NCAA 's Division I, with the football team competing in Birinchi bo'lim FBS. Most teams are in the G'arbiy tog 'konferentsiyasi; however, the wrestling team competes in the Katta 12 konferentsiyasi, the gymnastics teams compete in the Tog'li Tinch okeanidagi sport federatsiyasi; erkaklar futbol jamoasi raqobatlashadi G'arbiy atletik konferentsiyasi;^[64] erkaklar xokkey jamoa raqobatlashadi Atlantika xokkeyi, suv polosi jamoasi raqobatlashadi G'arbiy suv polosi assotsiatsiyasi, the coeducational rifle team competes in the Patriot Rifle konferentsiyasi, and the men's lakros jamoasi raqobatlashadi Janubiy konferentsiya. Erkaklar boks jamoasi raqobatlashadi Milliy kollegial boks assotsiatsiyasi. For a number of years, only the men's teams competed in Division I. Women's teams competed in Division II and were once members of the Continental Divide Conference, then the Colorado Athletic Conference. With new NCAA legislation, beginning in 1996, women's teams also competed in Division I.^{[iqtibos kerak ]}

Presentation of the Commander in Chief's Trophy to the Air Force Falcons, May 2, 2017

Air Force has traditional service academy rivalries with Dengiz kuchlari va Armiya. The three service academies compete for the Bosh qo'mondonning sovrini yilda futbol har yili. Havo kuchlari Falcons futboli has had the best showing of the three, winning the trophy 18 of its 34 years. The Academy also has an in-state rivalry with Kolorado shtati universiteti ichida joylashgan Fort Kollinz and is a fellow member of the G'arbiy tog 'konferentsiyasi.^{[65][iqtibos kerak ]}

The boxing team, led for 31 years by Coach Ed Weichers, has won 18 national championships.^[66] The Academy's men's and women's rugby teams have each won multiple national championships and the women's side recently had two players selected for the United States national team.^[67] The futbol jamoasi has played in 17 piyola o'yinlari va basketbol jamoasi has had strong showings in the last several years, qualifying for the NCAA tournament and, most recently, making the final four of the 2007 NIT Tournament.^[68] The erkaklar xokkey jamoasi won the last two Atlantic Hockey conference tournaments, made the first ever appearance by a service academy in the NCAA hockey tournament in 2007, and made a repeat appearance in 2008. The Air Force Academy's Men's Hockey team recently lost in the "Elite Eight" of hockey in double overtime. This marked the farthest they had gone in the post-season in school history and the longest an Atlantic Hockey Association team has made it into the post-season.^[69]

In 2014, Academy Superintendent Lt. Gen. Michelle Johnson responded to reports of allegations of sexual assault and drug use at a December 2011 party by calling for a review of the athletic department by the inspector general.^[70]

Havo kemasi

Cessna T-41D ning 557-chi uchish bo'yicha o'quv otryad

Cadets have the opportunity to take part in several airmanship activities to include soaring, parachuting, and powered flight. Airmanship activities at the Academy are primarily conducted by the 306-chi uchish bo'yicha o'quv guruhi.

The 94-chi uchish bo'yicha mashg'ulotlar otryadi trains cadets in basic airmanship principles through several flights in TG-16A yelkanli samolyotlar. Each year, several soaring students are selected to become instructor pilots to teach new classes of soaring students. Some of these cadet instructor pilots also compete on the Soaring Racing Team or Acrobatics Team in national competitions.

Cadets also have the opportunity to take a parachuting course conducted by the 98-chi uchish mashqlari otryadi. Each year, hundreds of cadets earn their Asosiy parashyutchi nishoni by completing five jumps in the program. A number of cadets are selected for further training and become members of The Wings of Blue, the U.S. Air Force Parachute Team.

A powered flight program is conducted under the 557-chi uchish bo'yicha o'quv otryad to expose cadets to the basics of powered flight. Dastur foydalanadi T-53A aircraft to offer cadets basic flight training and the opportunity to solo. The U.S. Air Force Academy Flying Team is composed of ~26 cadets selected to compete in Milliy kollejlararo uchish uyushmasi musobaqalar. The Flying Team uses T-41D va T-51A aircraft to compete in precision landing, navigation, and message drop events.

Qabul qilish

To be eligible to enter the Academy, a candidate must:^[71][72]

• A bo'ling Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari fuqarosi (unless nominated by an official of a country invited by the Mudofaa vazirligi )^[73]
• Be unmarried with no dependents
• Be of good axloqiy xususiyat
• Be at least 17, but less than 23 years of age by 1 July of the year of entry
• Meet high leadership, academic, physical and medical standards

In addition to the normal application process, all candidates must secure a nomination to the academy, normally from a AQSh senatori yoki AQSh vakili. Each member of Kongress and the Vice President can have five appointees attending the Air Force Academy at any time. The process for obtaining a congressional nomination is not political and candidates do not have to know their senator or representative to secure a nomination. Additional nomination slots are available for children of career military personnel, children of disabled faxriylar or veterans who were harakatda o'ldirilgan, or children of "Shuhrat" medali oluvchilar. The admissions process is a lengthy one and applicants usually begin the paperwork during their junior year of high school.^[74]

Sinf hajmi

There were 306 cadets admitted for the first class (class of 1959).^[14] By 1961, class size was down to 271, but due to the need for officers in the Vietnam War, grew to 745 admittees in 1970,^[26] and peaking in 1974, with 1,620, and 1975, with 1,626, the largest number ever admitted.^[75] After that class sizes shrank down to about 1,300.^[76][77] Despite a peak of 1,350 (admitted 2004) and 1,418 (admitted 2005), from 1995 to 2005 class size averaged about 1,250 freshmen.^[75] From 2005 to 2010 class sizes were slightly down from the 2005 peak. The 2013 class (beginning 2009) had 1,286^[78] and the 2014 class (beginning Fall 2010) had 1,285.^[79] Cutbacks were ordered in 2011, so by 2012, the entering class (class of 2016) was down to about 1,050.^[79] The class 2022 began with 1,286 students, lowered to 1,282 by the end of BCT. The class of 2023 began with 1159, and ended BCT with approximately 1150.^{[iqtibos kerak ]}

An'analar

Long Blue Line

Alumni of the academy are referred to as the Long Blue Line.^[80]

Prop va Wings

Traditional Prop and Wings insignia, currently used at the U.S. Air Force Academy

The Prop va Wings belgisi Havo xizmati (1918–26), Havo korpusi (1926–41), and Armiya havo kuchlari (1941–47) became the insignia of upperclass cadets at the Air Force Academy beginning with the first class, 1959. The insignia is given to fourth class (freshmen) cadets at the Recognition Ceremony near the end of their first year rite of passage. The standard insignia uses the design of the Air Corps Prop and Wings, except that it is all silver instead of the gold wings and silver prop of the earlier design. Cadets who have ancestors who served in the Air Service, Air Corps, or Army Air Forces, or those who are direct descendants of Air Force Academy graduates, are eligible to wear a different set of props and wings consisting of a silver prop and gold wings.

Acceptance Parade and Parents' Weekend

The Acceptance Parade celebrates the end of Basic Cadet Training (BCT) for incoming fourth-class cadets. At the Parade, fourth-class cadets are awarded their uniform shoulder boards in recognition of completing BCT and being accepted into the Cadet Wing. Fourth-class cadets formally take the USAFA Honor Code Oath. The Legacy class, the class that graduated 50 years prior to the incoming class' graduation, presents a copy of the Contrails book to the outstanding Basic Cadet from each of the ten BCT squadrons.^[81][82][83]

A few weeks later, over the Labor Day weekend, the Cadet Wing participates in Parents' Weekend. This event marks the first time that fourth-class cadets are able to see their families since Inprocessing Day. After the Cadet Wing Parade, families are invited into the Cadet Wing to attend open houses.^[84]

Class exemplar

During the fall semester of the third-class year, cadets choose a sinf namunasi who becomes the class' namesake. The exemplar is typically a deceased member of the Air Force, Armiya havo kuchlari, yoki Armiya havo xizmati, with a few notable exceptions like the Rayt birodarlar va Nil Armstrong. The tradition began with the Class of 2000. The selection of the class exemplar is celebrated with a formal class-wide dinner.^[81][85]

Commitment Dinner

Commitment Dinner takes place prior to the first day of classes at the start of the second-class fall semester. By attending the dinner, second-class cadets are formally committing serving in the Air Force or Space Force upon graduation.^[82] Up until this point, fourth-class or third-class cadets may withdraw from the academy without incurring any financial or military obligations. After Commitment, cadets leaving the Academy may incur financial penalties or be required to serve on active duty in the Air Force or Space Force.^[86]

Class crest

Each class of cadets designs its own class crest; the only requirements being that each crest include all the elements on the Class of 1959's crest: the class number, the class year, the Polaris star, and the eagle.^[81] The final crest is unveiled during the Ring Dance when second-degree cadets receive their class rings. During the first-degree year, the crest is on prominent display on the Crest Wall on the Terrazzo.^[87]

Sinf halqasi

The American college tradition of the sinf uzuk began with the class of 1835 at the AQSh harbiy akademiyasi. From there, it spread to the U.S. Naval Academy in the class of 1869.^[88] The Air Force Academy continued the tradition, beginning with the first class, 1959, and so is the only service academy to have had class rings for every class since its founding. The Air Force ring is distinctive for being white gold instead of the yellow gold used at the other academies. One side of the ring bears the academy crest, while the other side bears the class crest; the center bezel bears the words United States Air Force Academy. Cadets choose their own stones for the center of the ring. The rings are received during their second-degree (junior) year at the Ring Dance, at the beginning of Graduation Week festivities for the class ahead. The rings traditionally are placed in glasses of champagne and are caught in the teeth following a toast. During the cadet's first-degree (senior) year, the ring is worn with the class crest facing the wearer; following graduation, the ring is turned so that the class crest faces out. The rings of all the academies were originally designed to be worn on the left hand, so that the wearer reads the name of the academy on the bezel while a cadet or midshipman and others can read it after graduation, the rings are now worn on either hand. The Academy's Association of Graduates (AOG) accepts rings of deceased graduates which are melted down to form an ingot of white gold from which a portion of all future rings are made.^[89] Both the academy's Association of Graduates and the Academy Library maintain displays of class rings.

100’s Night

100’s Night takes place 100 nights before first-class cadets, “firsties”, are set to graduate. It is a formal dinner in celebration of all they have accomplished up to this point in their cadet career and their impending commission as Second Lieutenants in the Air Force or Space Force. After the dinner, Firsties are given leave for the weekend to celebrate. While the Firsties are gone, fourth-class cadets decorate their rooms to celebrate.^[81][90]

Musiqa

The Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari havo kuchlari akademiyasining baraban va bugl korpusi performing prior to the start of a USAFA football game against Aydaho shtati universiteti da Falcon stadioni

The Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari havo kuchlari akademiyasining guruhi provides all ceremonial and musical support for the cadet wing of the academy. It is an active duty band that is composed of full-time musicians, not USAFA cadets. Established in 1948 in Vashington, Kolumbiya, Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari havo kuchlari akademiyasining baraban va bugl korpusi on the other hand is staffed by cadets of the academy and provides support for all academy events such as football and basketball games. It served the entire Air Force from the capital until its reassignment to the academy in 1963 and the cadet wing in 1972.

The two bands wear different uniforms when performing, with the academy band performing in a specialized to'liq kiyim formasi while the drum and bugle corps march in standard cadet uniforms.^[91]

Qarama-qarshiliklar

Honor scandals

The first honor scandal broke in 1965, when a resigning cadet reported knowing of more than 100 cadets who had been involved in a cheating ring. 109 cadets were ultimately expelled. Cheating scandals plagued the academy again in 1967, 1972, 1984, 2004,^[92] 2007,^[93] 2012, 2014, and 2019. Following each of these events, the academy thoroughly examined the etiology of the mass cheating in addition to alleged excessive pressures that the academic system at the time placed on cadets and made changes in attempts to reduce the opportunities for future incidents.

Allegations of sexual harassment, assault and gender bias

The sexual assault scandal that broke in 2003 forced the academy to look more closely at how effectively women had been integrated into cadet life; concerns with sexual assault, hazing of male cadets, and the disciplinary process during this period were detailed in a 2010 book by a former cadet.^[94] Following the scandal and rising concerns about sexual assault throughout the U.S. military, the Department of Defense established a task force to investigate sexual harassment and assault at each of the United States service academies. The report also revealed 92 incidents of reported jinsiy tajovuz.^[95] At the same time, the Academy implemented programs to combat sexual assault, harassment and gender bias. The new programs actively encourage prompt sexual assault reporting. The academy's decisive actions of zero tolerance were praised by officials and experts.^[96]

Following the 2003 crisis, the Department of Defense directed its attention to the problem of sexual harassment and assault at the military academies. The Department of Defense claimed that the program was successful although during the school year 2010–11 there were increased reports of sexual assault at the academy; however, one goal of the program is increased reporting.^[97] There have been several attempts to prosecute cadets for rape since 2003, but only three have resulted in convictions, citing the confidential informant program that ran from 2011 to 2012. The informant program was led by former AFOSI agent Brandon Enos, AFOSI's most successful agent in Air Force Academy's history in combating sexual assault and drug use among cadets. After the confidential informant program was mysteriously disbanded in 2013 on orders from General Johnson, sexual assault reporting fell by half. On 5 January 2012 rape charges were preferred against cadets in three unrelated cases.^[98] To help combat these problems, the Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlarining Harbiy-havo kuchlari maxsus tergov boshqarmasi (AFOSI) created a system of cadet informants to hunt for misconduct among students.^[99] Ga binoan The New York Times in academic year 2014, "after the informant program ended with no further convictions, reports fell by half."^[100]

The New York Times cited a letter to Congress from former AFOSI Agent, Staff Sergeant Brandon Enos, who said that Lieutenant General Maykl C.Guld, the superintendent from 2009 to 2013 and a former quarterback on the team, had repeatedly interfered in cases involving football players. In turn Gould said to the Times that the suggestion that he had interfered with the investigation "preposterous."^[100] Gould was found guilty by a report from the Pentagon in June 2016 of interfering with AFOSI investigations from 2011 to 2012, including blocking an investigation into the football coaches. Gould was subsequently removed from the College Football Selection Committee.^[101]

These and other problems again rose to national prominence in the summer of 2014 when Gazeta broke an investigation into behavior by Academy cadets and faculty that included allegations of drug use, alcohol abuse, cheating, and sexual assault. This behavior, described as "so wild that AFOSI leaders canceled a planned 2012 sting out of concern that undercover agents and confidential informants at a party wouldn't be enough to protect women from rape," prompted the Academy superintendent to call for an investigation of the academy's athletic department.^[102]

Religious atmosphere

In 2005, allegations surfaced that some Evangelist nasroniy cadets and staff were effectively engaging in religious proselytizing at the Academy.^[103] These allegations, along with concerns over how the Air Force handles other religious issues, prompted Academy graduate Michael L. Weinstein to file a lawsuit against the Air Force.^[104][105] An Air Force panel investigated the accusations and issued a report on 22 June 2005.^[106] The panel's investigation found a "religious climate that does not involve overt religious discrimination, but a failure to fully accommodate all members' needs and a lack of awareness over where the line is drawn between permissible and impermissible expression of beliefs." Evidence discovered during the investigation included antisemitik remarks, official sponsorship of a showing of the film Masihning ehtirosi and a locker room banner that said academy athletes played for "Team Jesus." In response to the panel's findings, the Air Force released new guidelines to discourage public prayers at official events or meetings and to facilitate worship by non-Christian religions.^[107]

In 2010 the academy set up an outdoor worship area for cadets following Vikka, Neodruidizm, or other earth-based religions to practice their faiths.^[108][109] A survey conducted that same year found that 41 percent of academy cadets who identified themselves as non-Christian reported they were subjected to unwanted religious proselytizing at least once or twice last year at the school. The survey's results, however, showed that the number of cadets who felt pressured to join in religious activities had declined from previous years. Colorado congressman Mayk Kofman criticized the academy for resisting calls to release details of the survey's results.^[110][111] Two years later, 66 House Republicans complained about policies set in place the last September to curtail requirements to attend religious events.^[112]

Hazing incidents

Beginning in 2012, the Air Force Academy began to receive sustained, negative attention for unofficial hazing rituals carried out by cadets.^[113] Following the 2014 investigation into hazing, alcohol abuse, and cheating on the Academy's football team, further investigations in 2017 and 2018 into other teams in the athletic department uncovered similar behavior on the Academy's men's lacrosse and men's swimming teams.^[114][115] In addition to suspending the coaching staff of the lacrosse team, senior cadets on both the lacrosse and swimming teams have had their graduation and commissioning delayed, and potentially revoked, as the Air Force proceeds with its internal investigations.^[116] In an April 2018 statement made on the hazing scandal to the Board of Visitors, which reports its findings to the Pentagon and Congress, Academy Superintendent Lt. Gen. Jay Silveria stated, "Times have changed, and some of these rituals hang on that are completely, ridiculously inappropriate."^[117]

Taniqli bitiruvchilar

Shuningdek qarang

• Kolorado shtatidagi havo kuchlari akademiyasi
• Jabara mukofoti
• KAFA-FM radio
• Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari harbiy akademiyasi (Armiya)
• Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari dengiz akademiyasi
• Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari sohil xavfsizligi akademiyasi
• Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari savdo dengiz akademiyasi

Izohlar

Adabiyotlar

• Bruegmann, Robert. O'rta asrda modernizm: Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari havo kuchlari akademiyasining arxitekturasi. Chikago universiteti matbuoti: 1995 yil. ISBN  0-226-07693-8.
• AQSh havo kuchlari akademiyasining Oltin yubileyini nishonlash, (Kolorado Springs) gazetasi, Maxsus nashr, 2004 yil bahor.
• Qarama-qarshiliklar (turli yillar)
• Fagan, Jorj V. Havo kuchlari akademiyasi: tasvirlangan tarix. Jonson kitoblari: 1988 yil. ISBN  1-55566-032-0.
• Ellik yillik mukammallik: millat uchun etakchilarni shakllantirish, 2004.
• Lui, Elizabeth Gill. Ruh va parvoz: Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari havo kuchlari akademiyasiga fotografik salom. 1996. ISBN  0-9652585-0-5.
• Nauman, Robert Allen. (2004). Modernizm qanotlarida: Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari havo kuchlari akademiyasi. Urbana: Illinoys universiteti matbuoti. ISBN  978-0-252-02891-5; OCLC 52542599
• Pendlebury, J. (2018). "Bu odamning ishi": AQSh harbiy-havo kuchlari akademiyasida "Jangchi madaniyatiga" oid erkaklarga qarshi kurash. Qurolli kuchlar va jamiyat. https://doi.org/10.1177/0095327X18806524
• Sxemo, Diana Jan. Fath qilish uchun osmon: havo kuchlari akademiyasi ichidagi bir yil. John Wiley & Sons, Inc .: 2010 yil.
• Shifani, Ketrin L. "Menga erkaklar keltiring: AQSh harbiy-havo kuchlari akademiyasida intermetstual identifikatsiyani shakllantirish". (Magistrlik dissertatsiyalari, Massachusets shtatining Amherst shtati, 2008 yil): onlayn bepul
• Stixm, Judit. Menga erkaklar va ayollarni olib keling: AQSh havo kuchlari akademiyasida majburiy o'zgarish (1981) onlayn bepul^{[doimiy o'lik havola ]}.

Tashqi havolalar

• Rasmiy veb-sayt
• Air Force Athletics veb-sayti

Koordinatalar: 39 ° 01′N 104 ° 53′W / 39.01 ° N 104.89 ° Vt / 39.01; -104.89