Barri Goldwater - Barry Goldwater - Wikipedia

Barri Goldwater
1960 yilda Goldwater
Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari senatori dan Arizona
Ofisda 1969 yil 3 yanvar - 1987 yil 3 yanvar
Oldingi	Karl Xeyden
Muvaffaqiyatli	Jon Makkeyn
Ofisda 1953 yil 3-yanvar - 1965 yil 3-yanvar
Oldingi	Ernest Makfarland
Muvaffaqiyatli	Pol Fannin
Kafedra Senatning Qurolli kuchlar qo'mitasi
Ofisda 1985 yil 3 yanvar - 1987 yil 3 yanvar
Oldingi	Jon minorasi
Muvaffaqiyatli	Sem Nun
Kafedra Senatning razvedka qo'mitasi
Ofisda 1981 yil 3 yanvar - 1985 yil 3 yanvar
Oldingi	Birch Bayh
Muvaffaqiyatli	Devid Durenberger
Shaxsiy ma'lumotlar
Tug'ilgan	Barri Morris Golduoter (1909-01-02)1909 yil 2-yanvar Feniks, Arizona hududi, BIZ.
O'ldi	1998 yil 29 may(1998-05-29) (89 yosh) Paradise Valley, Arizona, BIZ.
Siyosiy partiya	Respublika
Turmush o'rtoqlar	Margaret Jonson ​ ​ (m. 1934; 1985 yilda vafot etgan)​ Syuzan Shaffer Vechsler ​ ​ (m. 1992)​
Bolalar	4, shu jumladan Barri
Ta'lim	Arizona universiteti
Imzo
Harbiy xizmat
Sadoqat	Qo'shma Shtatlar
Filial / xizmat	Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari armiyasi (1941–1947)  Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari havo kuchlari (1947–1967)
Xizmat qilgan yillari	1941–1945 (USAAF) 1945–1952 (ANG) 1952–1967 (USAFR)
Rank	Podpolkovnik (USAAF) Polkovnik (ANG) General-mayor (USAFR)
Birlik	AQSh armiyasining havo kuchlari Arizona Air National Guard AQSh havo kuchlari zaxirasi
Janglar / urushlar	Ikkinchi jahon urushi Koreya urushi

Barri Morris Golduoter (1909 yil 2-yanvar)^[1] - 1998 yil 29 may) amerikalik siyosatchi, ishbilarmon va besh muddatga muallif bo'lgan Senator dan Arizona (1953-1965, 1969-1987) va Respublika partiyasi nomzod Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari prezidenti 1964 yilda. yo'qotganiga qaramay 1964 yil prezident saylovi Ko'chkida, Goldwater ko'pincha qayta tiklanishni boshlagan siyosatchi hisoblanadi Amerikalik konservativ 60-yillardagi siyosiy harakat. U shuningdek sezilarli ta'sir ko'rsatdi erkinlik harakati.^[2]

Goldwater merosini rad etdi Yangi bitim va bilan birga konservativ koalitsiya qarshi kurashgan Yangi bitim koalitsiyasi. A'zosi NAACP va Feniksda degregatsiyani faol qo'llab-quvvatlovchi,^[3][4] Goldwater ovoz berib ovoz berdi 1957 yildagi fuqarolik huquqlari to'g'risidagi qonun va AQSh Konstitutsiyasiga 24-tuzatish, lekin qarshi chiqdi Fuqarolik huquqlari to'g'risidagi 1964 y, buni federal hukumat tomonidan haddan tashqari ko'tarilish deb hisoblardi - bu qaror uni juda g'azablantirdi.^[3] 1964 yilda Goldvud qiyin konservativ respublika prezidentlik saylovlarida g'alaba qozonish uchun katta konservativ saylov okrugini safarbar qildi. Sifatida ko'tarilgan bo'lsa-da Episkopal,^[5] Goldwater birinchi nomzod edi etnik jihatdan yahudiy Amerikaning yirik partiyalari tomonidan prezidentlikka nomzod sifatida ko'rsatiladigan meros (otasi yahudiy edi).^[6][7] Goldwater platformasi oxir-oqibat saylovchilar tomonidan qo'llab-quvvatlana olmadi^[8] va u 1964 yilgi prezident saylovida amaldagi prezidentga yutqazdi Demokrat Lyndon B. Jonson tarixdagi eng katta chegaralardan biri tomonidan. Golduoter 1969 yilda Senatga qaytib keldi va mudofaa va tashqi siyosatga ixtisoslashgan. Partiyaning oqsoqol davlat arbobi sifatida Goldvud Prezidentni muvaffaqiyatli da'vat etdi Richard Nikson 1974 yilda yashiringanligini isbotlagan holda iste'foga chiqish Votergeyt bilan bog'liq janjal juda katta bo'ldi va impichment yaqinda edi.

Goldwater 1980 yilda senatda uning yakuniy va eng ta'sirli davri bo'lishi uchun qayta saylanishda ozgina g'alaba qozondi. 1986 yilda Goldwater o'tishni nazorat qildi Goldwater-Nichols qonuni, shubhasiz uning eng muhim qonunchilik yutug'i. Keyingi yil u Senatdan iste'foga chiqdi va uning o'rnini egalladi Jon Makkeyn, o'z salafini "Respublika partiyasini Sharqiy elitar tashkilotdan Ronald Reyganni saylash uchun poydevorga aylantirgan" odam sifatida maqtagan. Goldwater kuchli qo'llab-quvvatladi Reyganning 1980 yilgi prezidentlik kampaniyasi, undan keyin konservativ harakatning etakchisiga aylangan "Tanlash vaqti "nutq. Reygan o'zining saylovoldi kampaniyasida Goldwaterning ilgari yuritgan ko'plab printsiplarini aks ettirdi. Washington Post sharhlovchi Jorj Uill buni e'tiborga olib, shunday deb yozgan edi: "Biz 1964 yilda unga ovoz bergan [...] uning g'alaba qozonganiga ishonamiz, ovozlarni hisoblash uchun atigi 16 yil kerak bo'lgan".

Faoliyatini yakunlash arafasida Goldwaterning qarashlari tobora erkinlashib bordi. Senatdan ketgandan so'ng, Golduoterning qarashlari libertarizmga asoslangan. U "o'xshash do'stlar tomonidan pul ishlab chiqarish tashabbuslarini tanqid qildi Pat Robertson va bundan [diniy tashkilot tuzishga uringan [respublikachilar partiyasidagi] boshqalar. "U lobbichilik qildi gomoseksuallar harbiy xizmatda ochiq xizmat qilish imkoniyatiga ega bo'lish, qarshi chiqdi Klinton ma'muriyati sog'liqni saqlash tizimini isloh qilish rejasi qo'llab-quvvatlandi abort qilish huquqlari va qonuniylashtirilishi dorivor marixuana.^{[iqtibos kerak ]}

Ilk hayoti va oilasi

Goldwater yilda tug'ilgan Feniks nima bo'lganida Arizona hududi, baron M.Golduoterning o'g'li va uning rafiqasi Xeti Jozefin "JoJo" Uilyams. Uning otasining oilasi tashkil etilgan Goldwater's do'koni, etakchi yuqori daraja Do'kon Feniksda.^[9] Goldwaterning ota bobosi Mishel Goldwasser, a Polshalik yahudiy, 1821 yilda tug'ilgan Konin, keyin qismi Kongress Polsha, u Londonga hijrat qilgan 1848 yilgi inqiloblar. Londonga kelganidan ko'p o'tmay Mishel anglizlangan uning ismi Maykl Golduoterga. Mishel Sara Natanga uylandi Ingliz-yahudiy oila, yilda Londonning buyuk ibodatxonasi.^[10][11] Keyinchalik Golduoterlar Qo'shma Shtatlarga hijrat qilishdi, dastlab Kaliforniyaning San-Frantsisko shahriga kelib, nihoyat Arizona hududiga joylashdilar, u erda Maykl Golduoter kichik do'konini ochdi, uni keyinchalik uning uchta o'g'li Genri, Baron va Morris egallab oldi va kengaytirdi.^[12] Morris Goldwater (1852–1939) - Arizona hududiy va shtat qonun chiqaruvchisi, shahar meri Preskott, Arizona, Arizona konstitutsiyaviy konvensiyasining delegati va keyinchalik Arizona shtati senatining prezidenti.^[13]

Goldwaterning otasi Baron yahudiy edi; ammo u onasining tarbiyasida edi Episkopal imon. Xetti Uilyams tashkil topgan Yangi Angliya ilohiyotshunosni o'z ichiga olgan oila Rojer Uilyams ning Rod-Aylend.^[14] Goldwaterning ota-onasi Feniksdagi episkop cherkovida turmush qurishgan; butun hayoti davomida Goldwater episkopiyalik edi, ammo kamdan-kam hollarda u o'zini yahudiy deb atagan.^[15] U cherkovga tez-tez tashrif buyurmagan bo'lsa-da, u "Agar biror kishi diniy yo'l tutsa, axloqiy yo'l tutsa, demak u haqiqatan ham dindordir va bu uning cherkovga qanchalik tez-tez kirib borishi bilan bog'liq emas. . "^[16][17][18]

O'rta maktabda birinchi kurs talabasi sifatida yomon o'qiganidan so'ng, Golduoterning ota-onasi uni jo'natishdi Staunton harbiy akademiyasi Virjiniyada u turli xil futbol, ​​basketbol, ​​yengil atletika va suzish bilan shug'ullangan, yuqori sinf xazinachisi bo'lgan va kapitan unvoniga sazovor bo'lgan.^[15][19] 1928 yilda akademiyani tugatgan va u erda ro'yxatdan o'tgan Arizona universiteti.^[19][20] lekin bir yildan keyin o'qishni tashladi. Barri Golduoter prezidentlik saylovlarida yirik siyosiy partiyalar nomzodi bo'lgan kollejdan tashqari bitiruvchisi. Goldwater oilaviy biznesga 1930 yilda otasi vafot etgan paytda kirgan. Olti yildan so'ng u uni boshqarishni unchalik xohlamagan bo'lsa-da, olti yildan so'ng u universal do'konni egallab oldi.^[15]

Shaxsiy hayot

1934 yilda u taniqli sanoatchi qizi Margaret "Peggi" Jonsonga uylandi Munsi, Indiana. Ularning to'rtta farzandi bor edi: Joanna (1936 yil 18-yanvarda tug'ilgan), Barri (1938 yil 15-iyulda tug'ilgan), Maykl (1940 yil 15-martda tug'ilgan) va Peggi (1944 yil 27-iyulda tug'ilgan). Golduoter 1985 yilda beva bo'lib qoldi va 1992 yilda u o'zidan 32 yosh kichik hamshira Syuzan Vechslerga uylandi.^[21]

Goldwaterning o'g'li Barri Goldwater Jr. respublikachi sifatida xizmat qilgan Kongressmen, 1969 yildan 1983 yilgacha Kaliforniyani vakili.

Golduoterning nabirasi Ty Ross interyer dizayneri va sobiq Zoli model. Ochiq gomoseksual va OIV bilan kasallangan Rossni oqsoqol Golduoterni "geylarning fuqarolik huquqlarining oktogeneriya tarafdori bo'lishiga ilhomlantirgan" deb hisoblashgan.^[22][23]

Goldwater u ixtisoslashgan o'rta maktabda yugurish va kross bilan shug'ullangan 880 hovli yugurishi. Uning ota-onasi uni xafa qilib, ushbu sport turlari bilan shug'ullanishga qattiq undashdi. U tez-tez "Rolling momaqaldiroq" taxallusi bilan yurgan.^{[iqtibos kerak ]}

1940 yilda Golduoter birinchilardan bo'lib uni boshqargan Kolorado daryosi orqali dam olish Katta Kanyon eshkak eshish vositasida qatnashish Norman Nevills Ikkinchi tijorat daryosi safari. Goldwater ularga qo'shildi Green River, Yuta va o'z qayig'ini pastga tushirdi Mead ko'li.^[24] 1970 yilda Arizona tarixiy jamg'armasi "Goldwater" kundalik jurnalini Buyuk Kanyon sayohatida, shu jumladan uning fotosuratlarini 209 betlik hajmda nashr etdi. Yoqimli sayohat.

1963 yilda u Arizona Jamiyatiga qo'shildi Amerika inqilobining o'g'illari. U shuningdek, butun umr a'zosi bo'lgan Xorijiy urushlar faxriylari, Amerika legioni va Sigma Chi birodarlik. U ikkalasiga ham tegishli edi York marosimi va Shotlandiya marosimi masonlik va Shotlandiya marosimida 33-daraja bilan taqdirlangan.

Harbiy martaba

General-mayor Barri M.Golduoter uning tarkibida Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari havo kuchlari bir xil.

Amerikaning kirishi bilan Ikkinchi jahon urushi, Goldwater zaxira komissiyasini qabul qildi Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari armiyasining havo kuchlari. Goldwater uchuvchi sifatida o'qitilgan va butun dunyo bo'ylab urush zonalariga samolyotlar va materiallar etkazib beradigan yangi tashkil etilgan Ferry qo'mondonligiga tayinlangan. U urushning katta qismini AQSh va Hindiston, orqali Azor orollari va Shimoliy Afrika yoki Janubiy Amerika, Nigeriya va Markaziy Afrika. Goldwater ham "dumba" uchib ketdi , urushni ta'minlash uchun eng xavfli yo'llardan biri Himoloy materiallarni etkazib berish Xitoy Respublikasi.

Ikkinchi Jahon Urushidan so'ng, Goldwater yaratilishning etakchi tarafdori edi Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari havo kuchlari akademiyasi va keyinchalik akademiyaning tashrif buyuruvchilar kengashida ishlagan. Akademiyadagi tashrif buyuruvchilar markazi endi uning sharafiga nomlangan. Goldwater urushdan so'ng Armiya Havo zaxirasida qoldi va 1946 yilda polkovnik unvoniga ega bo'lib, Goldwater asos solgan Arizona Air National Guard. Goldwater Arizona Air National Guard-ga buyurtma berdi ajratilgan, AQSh armiyasining qolgan qismidan ikki yil oldin. Goldwater Pentagonni qurolli xizmatlarning degregatsiyasini qo'llab-quvvatlashga undashda muhim rol o'ynadi.^[25]

General-mayor Barri M. Golduoter o'z ofisida Bolling aviabazasi, Vashington, Kolumbiya 1967 yil yanvar oyida.

Goldwater Arizonada qoldi Air National Guard 1967 yilgacha, a sifatida nafaqaga chiqqan Buyruq uchuvchisi unvoni bilan general-mayor.^[26] O'sha paytgacha u 165 xil turdagi samolyotlarni boshqargan. Havo kuchlari zaxirasidagi general-mayor sifatida u samolyotlarni boshqarishda davom etdi B-52 Stratofortress, harbiy martaba oxirigacha.

General-mayor Barri M. Golduoter uchuvchisi a Convair F-102 Delta Dagger 1967 yilda.

AQSh senatori sifatida Golduoterning ishxonasida uning harbiy faoliyati va tafakkuriga ishora qiluvchi yozuv bor edi: "Eski uchuvchilar bor va jasur uchuvchilar ham bor, ammo eski, dadil uchuvchilar yo'q".^[27]

Dastlabki siyosiy martaba

Ushbu maqola qismidir bir qator kuni
Konservatizm AQSH
Maktablar Shafqatli Moliyaviy Birlashma Ozodlik Harakat Neo Paleo Progressiv Ijtimoiy An'anaviy Trumpist
Printsiplar Amerika eksklyuzivligi Klassik liberalizm Oilaviy qadriyatlar Erkin bozor Erkin savdo Yahudo-nasroniy qadriyatlari Cheklangan hukumat Axloqiy absolutizm Tabiiy huquq Protektsionizm Respublikachilik Qonun ustuvorligi An'ana
Tarix Burbon demokrat Konservativ koalitsiya Konservativ demokrat Konservativ manifest Sodiqlar Zamonaviy xronologiya Yangi huquq Eski o'ng Umumiy nuqtai Rokfeller respublikachi Janubiy agrarchilar
Odamlar Abrams Ailes Alito Armey Ashkroft Suv Baxman Bannon Barr Bek Benson Bork Bredford Breitbart Byukenen Kichik Bakli. Burnxem H. V. Bush V. Bush Karlson Palatalar Cheyni Klivlend Koburn Kolson Kulidj Coulter Kruz DeMint Dirksen Dobson Dolan Dole D'Souza Dalles (Allen) Dulz (Jon Foster) Eyzenxauer Erikson Falwell Kichik Falwell Feulner Forbes Ford Frensis Fridman Frum Gingrich Gotfrid Goldberg Oltin suv Grem Grant Xeyg Hannity Lyuk Harding Helms Horowitz Xakkabi Yaffa Jeffress Kemp Keys Qirol Kirk Kirkpatrik Kissincer Knowland Koch (Charlz) Koch (Devid) Krauthammer Kristol Laffer Leo Levin Limbaugh Turar joy Lott Luce Makkeyn Makkarti Makkonnell McDonald Makkinli Meva Meyer Mises Nikson Shimoliy Novak O'Rayli Palin Pol (Rand) Pol (Ron) Peale Pens Perot Fillips Podhoretz Rand Roberts Reygan Rekvist Romni Rove Santorum Skaliya Shif Shlafli Shlezinger Sessiyalar Shapiro Sobran Juda yaxshi Strauss Taft (Robert A.) Taft (Uilyam Xovard) Tomas Tramp Tirrel Viguerie Ueyn To'quvchi Welch Jr. Veyrix Iroda Uilyams Volfovits
Tomonlar Amerika partiyasi Amerika mustaqil partiyasi (zamonaviy) Nyu-York shtatining konservativ partiyasi Konstitutsiya partiyasi Demokratik partiya (dastlabki guruhlar) Demokratik-respublika partiyasi (elementlar) Federalistlar partiyasi Ozodlik partiyasi Mahalliy Amerika partiyasi Taqiqlash partiyasi Islohot partiyasi Respublika partiyasi
Fikrlash markazlari Acton instituti Aleksis de Tokvil instituti Amerika Enterprise Institute Immigratsiyani o'rganish markazi Xavfsizlik siyosati markazi Milliy manfaatlar markazi Charlz Koch instituti Klaremont instituti Raqobatbardosh korxonalar instituti David Horowitz Ozodlik Markazi Discovery Institute Axloq va jamoat siyosati markazi Oila tadqiqot instituti Gatestone instituti Heartland instituti Heritage Foundation Hoover instituti Hudson instituti Kollejlararo tadqiqotlar instituti Konstitutsiya instituti Manxetten instituti Mises instituti Tinch okeani tadqiqot instituti Yangi Amerika asriga mo'ljallangan loyiha Ripon jamiyati R Street instituti Rokford instituti Davlat siyosati tarmog'i Soliq jamg'armasi
Boshqa tashkilotlar ACT! Amerika uchun Ozodlikni himoya qiluvchi ittifoq Amerika huquq va adolat markazi Amerika Oila Assotsiatsiyasi Amerika Ozodlik Ligasi Amerikaliklar soliq islohoti uchun Arlington guruhi Kalsedon fondi Amerikaning xristian koalitsiyasi Xristian ovozi O'sish uchun klub Amerikadan xavotirga tushgan ayollar ConservAmerica Konservativ guruh Konservativ fuqarolar kengashi Milliy siyosat bo'yicha kengash Burgut forumi E'tiqod va ozodlik koalitsiyasi Oila tadqiqotlari kengashi Federalistlar jamiyati Amerika immigratsiya islohoti federatsiyasi Do'stlik Oilangizga e'tiboringizni qarating Ta'lim sohasidagi individual huquqlar jamg'armasi Axloq huquqi uchun asos Ozodlik guruhi Ozodlik Hamkorlari FreedomWorks Amerikaning qurol egalari Mustaqil ayollar forumi Jon Birch Jamiyati Jon M. Olin jamg'armasi Sud kuzatuvi Etakchilik instituti Ozodlik bo'yicha maslahat Ozodlik lobbi Kirish kabinasi respublikachilar Media tadqiqot markazi Axloqiy ko'pchilik Milliy konservativ PAC Milliy mustaqil biznes federatsiyasi Nikoh uchun milliy tashkilot Milliy miltiq uyushmasi Milliy yashash huquqi qo'mitasi Milliy soliq to'lovchilar ittifoqi AQSh raqamlari Qasamyod qiluvchilar Tinch okeani Adliya instituti Filadelfiya jamiyati Regnery Publishing Respublika asosiy ko'cha sherikligi Respublika o'quv qo'mitasi Ikkinchi tuzatishlar guruhi Syuzan B. Entoni ro'yxati Choy partiyasining vatanparvarlari Tomas ko'proq huquq markazi Turning Point AQSh An'anaviy qadriyatlar koalitsiyasi Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Savdo palatasi Yosh Amerika jamg'armasi Ozodlik uchun yosh amerikaliklar G'arb tsivilizatsiyasi uchun yoshlar
OAV Amerika ishlari Amerika konservatori Amerikalik tomoshabin Amerika Uyg'onish davri Amerika mutafakkiri Katta Liga Siyosati Blaze Media Breitbart yangiliklari Talabalar shaharchasini isloh qilish Chicago Tribune CBN Shahar jurnali Claremont Books of Review CNSNews.com Sharh Konservativ sharh Solnomalar Kundalik qo'ng'iroq qiluvchi Kundalik signal Kundalik sim Dallas ertalabki yangiliklari Drudge hisoboti Federalist Birinchi narsalar Fox Business Fox News FrontPage jurnali Old verand respublikasi Gateway Pundit Issiq havo Inson voqealari i24 yangiliklari Mustaqil jurnal sharhi InfoWars Jewish World Review Jihod soatlari Las-Vegas Review-Journal LifeSiteNews LifeZette Zamonaviy asr Milliy ishlar Milliy qiziqish Milliy sharh Yangi Amerika Yangi mezon NewsBusters Newsmax Nyu-York kuzatuvchisi Nyu-York Post One America News Network PanAm Post Siyosatni ko'rib chiqish Quvvat liniyasi PragerU PJ Media Noyob Haqiqiy yangiliklar yangilanishi RedState RSBN Sinclair Broadcast Group Tomoshabin AQSh Diqqat markazida Taki jurnali Hokimiyat TruthRevolt Twitchy VDARE The Wall Street Journal Washington Examiner Washington Free Beacon Washington Times Haftalik standart G'arb jurnali WorldNetDaily
Variantlar va harakatlar Osiyo va Tinch okeani orollari konservatizmi Qora konservatizm Xristianlarning huquqi Konservativ demokratlar Ayollar konservatizmi Yashil konservatizm LGBT konservatizmi Ozodlik respublikachilari Vatanparvarlik harakati Radikal huquq O'ng libertarizm Choy partiyasi harakati
Shuningdek qarang Muqobil axborot vositalari Amerika millatchiligi Bibliografiya Ozodlik Ro'yxat Taniqli odamlar Siyosiy partiyalar
Konservatizm portali

Kuchli demokratik davlatda Golduoter konservativ respublikachiga va do'stiga aylandi Gerbert Guver. U ochiqchasiga qarshi chiqdi Yangi bitim liberalizmi, ayniqsa uning kasaba uyushmalari bilan yaqin aloqalari. Uchuvchi, havaskor radio operator, ochiq havoda va fotosuratchi bo'lgan u Arizonani kesib o'tdi va davlatning tabiiy va insoniyat tarixiga chuqur qiziqish bildirdi.

U Feniks siyosatiga 1949 yilda, shahar Kengashiga saylangan nomzodlarning nodavlat jamoasi tarkibida saylanganida kirgan va fohishalik va qimor o'yinlarini tozalashga va'da bergan. Jamoa keyingi yigirma yil davomida o'tkazilgan har bir mer va kengash saylovlarida g'olib chiqdi. Goldwater zaif respublikachilar partiyasini tikladi va saylashda muhim rol o'ynadi Xovard Payl kabi Hokim 1950 yilda.^[28][29]

Fuqarolik huquqlarini mahalliy qo'llab-quvvatlash

Prezidentlikka nomzod bo'lishiga qaramay, hozirda asosan 1964 yilgi Fuqarolik huquqlari to'g'risidagi qonunga qarshi chiqishi bilan belgilab qo'yilgan Barri Golduoter tubdan irqiy tenglik tarafdori edi. 19-asrning 30-yillarida nazoratni o'z qo'liga olganidan keyin Goldvud oilaviy biznesini birlashtirdi. NAACPning umr bo'yi a'zosi Goldwater guruhning Arizona bo'limini topishda yordam berdi. Goldwater, Arizona Air National Guard 1946 yilda tashkil topganidan beri irqiy jihatdan birlashtirilganligini ko'rdi, Prezident Truman armiyani birlashtirishni buyurganidan ikki yil oldin (bu jarayon 1954 yilgacha tugamagan). Goldwater Feniks fuqarolik huquqlari rahbarlari bilan Braun va Ta'lim kengashidan bir yil oldin davlat maktablarini muvaffaqiyatli birlashtirish uchun ishlagan.^[30][31]

Goldwater dastlabki a'zosi va asosan tan olinmagan tarafdori edi Milliy shahar ligasi Feniks bobi, guruhning dastlabki operatsion kamomadini o'zining shaxsiy mablag'lari bilan qoplashga qadar.^[32][33] Garchi NAACP prezidentlikka nomzodini qo'yganida Goldwaterni eng qattiq tanqid qilgan bo'lsa ham; Urban League 1991 yilda "Feniks Urban Ligasida sadoqatli xizmat qilgani uchun" 1991 yilgi Gumanitar mukofotga sazovor bo'ldi. 1964 yilgi Fuqarolik huquqlari to'g'risidagi qonunga ovoz berganiga ishora qilgan Liga a'zolariga javoban, Liga prezidenti, Goldwater Ligani bir necha bor qutqarganini va u odamni "kundalik harakatlariga qarab hukm qilishni afzal ko'rdi" deb ta'kidladi. uning ovoz berish yozuvlaridan ko'ra. ”^[34]

Senator

Respublikachi sifatida yugurib chiqqan Golduoter g'alaba qozonish uchun g'alaba qozondi 1952, faxriysi demokrat va Senat ko'pchilik rahbariga qarshi Ernest Makfarland. U asosan Makfarlendni o'z vatanida mag'lubiyatga uchratib g'alaba qozondi Marikopa okrugi 12,600 ovoz bilan, ya'ni 6725 ovoz bilan deyarli ikki baravar ko'paydi. Demokratik Arizona 40 yil oldin Ittifoqqa qanday qo'shilganidan beri bo'lganligini o'lchash uchun, Goldwater Senatada Arizona vakili bo'lgan ikkinchi respublikachi edi.

Senatda birinchi yilida Goldwater qora tanli qonun chiqaruvchi yordamchisi Ketrin Maksvellga Senatning boshqa har qanday xodimi bilan birga xizmat qilishini talab qilganidan keyin Senat kafeteryasining degregatsiyasi uchun javobgar edi.^[35]

U yana yugurib kirganida, Goldvud Makfarlendni katta farq bilan mag'lub etdi 1958. Qayta saylangan kuchli namoyishidan so'ng, u AQSh Senatida ikkinchi muddatni qo'lga kiritgan birinchi Arizona respublikachisi bo'ldi. Bir yilda demokratlar Senatda 13 o'ringa ega bo'lganidan beri Golduoterning g'alabasi yanada ajoyib bo'ldi. U 1964 yilda Senat uchun qayta saylanishga intilmadi va buning o'rniga o'z prezidentlik kampaniyasiga e'tibor qaratishga qaror qildi.

Senatdagi faoliyati davomida Golduoter "Respublikachilar partiyasining buyuk qarisi va millatning konservatizmning eng obro'li namoyandalaridan biri" sifatida qaraldi.^[36]

Eyzenxauer ma'muriyatining tanqidlari

Goldwater Eyzenhower ma'muriyati haqida ochiqchasiga gapirib, Eyzenxauer ma'muriyatining ayrim siyosatlarini respublikachi prezident uchun juda liberal deb atadi. "... Demokratlar kichik senator shunchalik mard ediki, u o'z partiyasining prezidentini tanqid qilish uchun yo'ldan ketganini ta'kidlashdan mamnun edilar."^[37] Kongressda Eyzenxauerning faoliyatining aksariyat qismida Demokratik ko'pchilik bor edi va Golduoter buni his qildi Prezident Duayt Eyzenxauer qonunlarni qabul qilish uchun demokratlar bilan juda ko'p murosaga kelayotgan edi. Arizona shtatidagi senatorlik faoliyatining boshlarida u prezident Eyzenxauerning Kongressga yuborgan 71,8 milliard dollarlik byudjetini tanqid qilib, "Hozir esa men bunga unchalik amin emasman. 71,8 milliard dollarlik byudjet meni nafaqat hayratga soladi, balki bu mening imonimni susaytiradi" . "^[38] Goldwater Eyzenxauerning tanloviga qarshi chiqdi Graf Uorren Oliy sud raisi uchun. "Eyzenxauer Kaliforniya shtati gubernatori Erl Uorrenni Oliy sudning bosh sudyasi etib tayinlagan kun, Golduoter o'z shubhalarini bildirishdan tortinmadi."^[39]

Fuqarolik huquqlariga bo'lgan munosabat

Senatda birinchi yilida Goldwater qora tanli qonun chiqaruvchi yordamchisi Ketrin Maksvellga Senatning boshqa har qanday xodimi bilan birga xizmat qilishini talab qilganidan keyin Senat kafeteryasining degregatsiyasi uchun javobgar edi.^[40]

Golduoter va Eyzenxauer ma'muriyati janubdagi maktablarning birlashishini qo'llab-quvvatladilar, ammo Golduoter shtatlar qanday qilib birlashishni xohlashlarini tanlashi kerakligini va federal hukumat tomonidan majburlanmasligi kerakligini his qildi. "Golduoter federal qo'shinlardan foydalanishni tanqid qildi. U Eyzenxauer ma'muriyatini shtatlar tomonidan saqlanadigan vakolatlarni qabul qilib, Konstitutsiyani buzganlikda aybladi. U qonunga binoan har bir shtat o'z maktablarini birlashtirgan bo'lishi kerak, har bir shtat o'ziga xos tarzda birlashishi kerak edi. . "^[41] Golduoterning Eyzenxauer ma'muriyatiga, hatto armiya generaliga nisbatan tanqidiy pozitsiyasidan keyin yuqori lavozimli hukumat amaldorlari bo'lgan. "General qo'mondonning siyosati xiyonatkor kaptarni yo'q qildi degan g'oyani harbiy xizmatchilarga singdirish to'g'risida Fulbraytning ajablantiradigan fosh etilishi generalning g'alati ishi haqidagi yangiliklarga qaytishi bilan. Edvin Uoker."^[42]

Goldwater 1957 va 1960 yillarda ham Fuqarolik huquqlari to'g'risidagi qonunlarni qo'llab-quvvatladi. Biroq, u qo'mitada bo'lganida uni qo'llab-quvvatlagan bo'lsa-da, Goldwaterning Fuqarolik huquqlari bo'yicha qaydlari uning 1964 yilgi Fuqarolik huquqlariga qarshi ovoz berish to'g'risida qaror qabul qilganida aniqlanadi. Kongress respublikachilari ko'pchilik tomonidan qonun loyihasini qo'llab-quvvatladilar, Goldwaterga esa unga qarshi ovoz berishda faqat 5 respublikachi senator qo'shildi.^[43][44] Ehtimol, Goldwater ushbu yagona ovoz berish uning obro'si va merosiga ta'sir qilishi mumkin bo'lgan qabulni juda kam baholagan, ammo bundan hech qachon afsuslanmagan.^[45]

1964 yil prezident saylovi

Goldwaterning maverikasi va tajovuzkor uslubi uni Respublikachilar partiyasining konservativ bazasida juda mashhur qildi. Muvaffaqiyatdan keyin Konservatorning vijdoni, Goldwater o'zining yaqin do'sti Jon F. Kennediga qarshi kurashish uchun GOP prezidentligi nomzodi uchun birinchi o'rinni egalladi.^[46] Siyosatdagi kelishmovchiliklariga qaramay, Goldvud va Kennedi senatda bir-birlari bilan birga xizmat qilgan sakkiz yil davomida yaqin do'st bo'lib qolishdi. Goldwater-ning aniq GOP peshqadami bilan u va JFK birgalikda saylovoldi tashviqotini o'tkazishni boshladilar, butun mamlakat bo'ylab Linkoln-Duglas uslubidagi bahs-munozaralarni o'tkazdilar va Amerika siyosatini belgilash uchun tobora ko'payib borayotgan salbiy hujumlar bilan belgilangan poygadan qochdilar.^[47]

Respublika birlamchi

Shtatlar bo'yicha respublika boshlang'ich saylovlari natijalari

Birlamchi saylov o'tkazilmadi   John W. Byrnes   Barri Goldwater   Genri Kabot lojasi kichik.

Jeyms A. Rods   Nelson Rokfeller   Uilyam V. Skranton

Janubiy Dakota va Florida shtatlarida Goldvud "garovga ega bo'lmagan delegatlar" dan keyin ikkinchi o'rinni egalladi, ammo u boshqa nomzodlardan oldinroq yakunlandi

Goldwater qayg'uga botdi^[48] tomonidan Kennedining o'ldirilishi va 1964 yilda uning raqibi Kennedi emas, aksincha uning vitse-prezidenti, sobiq senatning ko'pchilik rahbari bo'lishidan juda xafa bo'ldi. Lyndon B. Jonson Texas shtati.^[49] Golduoter Jonsonga yoqmadi, keyinchalik u "sumkada har qanday nayrang ishlatgan" deb aytdi. Goldwater Lindon Jonsonga qarshi kampaniya uchun hissiy jihatdan tiklanish uchun kurash olib bordi. Kennedining o'ldirilishidan kelib chiqadigan zarba va 1964 yilgi Fuqarolik huquqlari to'g'risidagi qonunga qarshi Goldvud ovozi bilan birgalikda uning milliy nomzod sifatida hayotiy qobiliyatini va Respublikachilar partiyasida mashhurligini ancha pasaytirdi.

Golduoter prezidentlikka nomzod bo'lgan paytda Respublikachilar partiyasi uning konservativ qanoti (G'arb va Janubda joylashgan) va mo''tadil / liberal qanot o'rtasida bo'linib ketgan, ba'zan esa Rokfeller respublikachilari (shimoli-sharqda joylashgan). Goldwater hatto o'zining partizanlaridan ba'zilarini o'zining sodiqligi bilan qo'rqitdi fiskal konservatizm va jangari antikommunizm. Uni ko'plab an'anaviy respublikachilar siyosiy spektrning o'ng qanotida, milliy saylovlarda g'alaba qozonish uchun zarur bo'lgan asosiy ko'pchilikka murojaat qilish uchun juda uzoq deb hisoblashgan. Natijada, mo''tadil respublikachilar qator raqiblarni, shu jumladan o'zlarini jalb qilishdi Nyu York Hokim Nelson Rokfeller, Genri Kabot lojasi kichik., ning Massachusets shtati va Pensilvaniya Hokim Uilyam Skranton, unga qarshi chiqish. Goldwater o'sha paytdagi siyosatdagi janubiy respublikachilarning ko'pchiligidan ishonchli qo'llab-quvvatlandi. Yosh Birmingem yurist, Jon Grenier, 279 Janubiy anjuman delegatlaridan 271 tasining Goldwater-ni qo'llab-quvvatlash bo'yicha o'z zimmasiga olgan majburiyatlari. Grenier Goldwater kampaniyasi paytida milliy GOPning ijrochi direktori bo'lib ishlagan, partiya raisiga ikkinchi raqam Din Burch Arizona. Goldwater kurash olib bordi va Respublikachilar partiyasining prezidentlikka nomzodi uchun ko'p nomzodlar poygasida g'olib bo'ldi. Goldwaterning asosiy raqibi Nyu-York gubernatori edi Nelson Rokfeller Kaliforniya shtatidagi g'olibni kichik farq bilan mag'lubiyatga uchratgan barcha asosiy saylovchilar g'alaba qozonib, bu nomzod uchun Goldwater g'alabasini ta'minladi.

1964 yil respublikachilarning milliy anjumani

Shuningdek qarang: 1964 yil respublikachilarning milliy anjumani

Eyzenxauer jurnalistlarga Goldwaterni qo'llab-quvvatladi: "Men shaxsan Golduoter ba'zi odamlar uni yaratganidek ekstremist emas, lekin har qanday holatda ham biz respublikachilarmiz".^[50] Uning nomzodini ko'rsatishga qat'iy nomuvofiqlar qarshi chiqishdi Liberal respublikachilar, Goldwaterning talabini kim o'ylagan mag'lub etish uchun faol choralar The Sovet Ittifoqi, qo'zg'atadi a yadro urushi. Rokfellerdan tashqari, shimoliy-sharqdagi taniqli respublika vakolatxonalari egalari, shu jumladan Nyu-Yorkdagi respublikachi senatorlar Kennet B.Kiting va Jakob Javits, Pensilvaniya shtati gubernatori Skranton va kongressmen Jon V. Lindzay (NY-17) ham Goldwater nomzodini tasdiqlashdan bosh tortdilar. .^[51] Hayotiy respublikachi Jeki Robinson, Fuqarolik huquqlari to'g'risidagi qonunga qarshi ovoz bergan nomzodni ko'rsatgan partiyadan nafratlanib, qurultoydan chiqib ketdi.

Bunday qarama-qarshiliklarga duch kelganda, Golduoter yaxshi qabul qilingan nutq so'zladi. Muallif Li Edvardsning ta'kidlashicha, "[Goldwater] o'zining siyosiy karerasidagi boshqa nutqlarga qaraganda ko'proq unga ko'proq e'tibor qaratgan. Va yaxshi sabablarga ko'ra: u buni hayotidagi eng katta va diqqat bilan tinglovchilarga etkazadi."^[52] Jurnalist Jon Adamsning aytishicha, "uning qabul nutqi o'zining konservativ qarashlarini aks ettirgan, ammo mantiqsiz emas edi. Uni ekstremizmda ayblayotgan tanqidchilarning so'zlaridan qochish o'rniga, Golduoter ularni 1964 yilgi respublika anjumanida qabul qilish nutqida qarshi oldi".^[53] O'z so'zlari bilan:

Sizga shuni eslatmoqchimanki, erkinlikni himoya qilishda ekstremizm nojo'ya narsa emas. Shuni ham eslatib qo'yamanki, adolat yo'lidagi mo''tadillik fazilat emas.^[54]

Uning parafrazasi Tsitseron ning taklifiga binoan kiritilgan Garri V. Yaffa garchi nutq birinchi navbatda tomonidan yozilgan bo'lsa ham Karl Xess. Prezident Jonsonning mashhurligi tufayli Goldvud prezidentga to'g'ridan-to'g'ri hujum qilishdan tiyildi. U anjuman nutqida Jonsonni nomini umuman tilga olmadi.

Umumiy saylov kampaniyasi

Prezident Lyndon B. Jonson senator Goldwater bilan, 1964 yil 16 yanvar

Ronald Reygan Los-Anjelesdagi prezidentlikka nomzod Goldwater uchun so'zlaydi, 1964 y

AQShning sobiq senatori Preskott Bush, a mo''tadil respublikachi dan Konnektikut, Goldwaterning do'sti bo'lgan va uni umumiy saylov kampaniyasida qo'llab-quvvatlagan. Bushning o'g'li, Jorj H. V. Bush (keyin Texasdan Senatga Demokratga qarshi nomzod Ralf Yarboro ), shuningdek, nomzodlarni ko'rsatish va umumiy saylov kampaniyalarida kuchli Goldwater tarafdori edi.

AQShning bo'lajak bosh sudyasi va hamkasbi Arizonan Uilyam H. Rehnquist shuningdek, birinchi marta respublikachilar e'tiboriga Goldwater kompaniyasining prezidentlik kampaniyasining yuridik maslahatchisi sifatida ishlagan. Renxvist advokatlik amaliyotini 1953 yilda firmasida boshlagan Denison Kitchel Feniksdan, Goldwater kompaniyasining milliy kampaniya menejeri va qariyb o'ttiz yillik do'sti.^[55]

Jonson kampaniyasi tomonidan Goldwater xavfli raqam sifatida tasvirlangan, u Goldwaterning "Sizning yuragingizda, siz uning haqligini bilasiz" shioriga qarshi "Ichakda, u yong'oq ekanligini bilasiz" va "Yuragingizda, u bilishi mumkin "(ya'ni u yadroviy qurolni faqat ishlatishdan farqli o'laroq ishlatishi mumkin) tiyilish ). Jonsonning o'zi o'zining qabul marosimida Golduoterni eslamadi 1964 yil Demokratlarning milliy qurultoyi.

Goldwaterning Osiyoda kommunizm tarqalishining oldini olish uchun agressiv taktikani provokatsion ravishda targ'ib qilishi samarali qarshi hujumlarga olib keldi. Lyndon B. Jonson va Golduoterning jangariligi dahshatli oqibatlarga olib keladi, hatto yadroviy urushga olib kelishi mumkin deb da'vo qilgan uning tarafdorlari. 1964 yil may oyida qilgan nutqida Goldvud yadroviy qurolga odatdagi qurolga o'xshashroq munosabatda bo'lish va Vetnamda foydalanish, ayniqsa, ular Dien Bien Phu 1954 yilda daraxtlarni defoliatsiya qilish uchun.^[56] Vetnamga kelsak, Golduoter Jonsonning siyosati "maqsad, yo'nalish yoki maqsad" dan mahrum, faqat "o'rmonlarda to'satdan o'lim va erkinlikni asta-sekin bo'g'ib qo'yishni" qoldirgan deb ta'kidladi.^[57] Golduoterning yadro urushi haqidagi gaplarini ko'pchilik murosasiz deb hisoblashdi va bu fikrni qo'llar ostidagi izohlar quyidagicha tasdiqladi: "Kelinglar, erkaklar xonasiga kiraylik. Kreml."^[58] Shuningdek, u Vetnam va Evropadagi dala qo'mondonlariga foydalanish huquqini berish kerakligini targ'ib qildi taktik yadro qurollari (u "kichik odatiy yadro qurollari" deb atagan) prezident tomonidan tasdiqlanmagan.^[59]

1964 yil prezidentlik saylovoldi kampaniyasida Goldwater familiyasini Au = oltin va H sifatida ifodalovchi bamperli stiker₂O = suv

Golduoter Jonsonning hujumlariga qarshi ma'muriyatni axloqiy tanqisligi uchun tanqid qildi va reklama rolikida "biz millat sifatida boshqa millat va xalqlarning qulashiga olib kelgan axloqiy tanazzuldan uzoq emasmiz .." deb ta'kidladi. .. Men vijdonni hukumatga qaytarish vaqti keldi, deb aytaman. Va yaxshi namunalar bilan, uni Amerika hayotining barcha jabhalarida qaytaring. " Goldwater kampaniyasining reklama roliklarida aktyor tomonidan qo'llab-quvvatlanadigan bayonotlar mavjud Raymond Massey^[60] va mo''tadil respublikachi senator Margaret Chase Smit.^[61]

1964 yilgi saylovlardan oldin, Fakt tomonidan nashr etilgan jurnal Ralf Ginzburg, "Konservatorning ongsizligi: Barri Golduoter fikri bo'yicha maxsus masala" nomli maxsus sonini chop etdi. Ikki asosiy maqola Goldwaterning aqliy jihatdan prezident bo'lishga yaroqsiz ekanligi haqida bahs yuritdi. Jurnal ushbu da'voni kengash tomonidan sertifikatlangan psixiatrlarning so'rovi natijalari bilan qo'llab-quvvatladi. Fakt 12356 psixiatrga anketa yuborgan, 2417 kishidan javob olgan, shundan 1189 nafari Goldwater prezident lavozimini egallashga qodir emasligini aytgan. Boshqa respondentlarning aksariyati Goldwaterni tashxislashdan bosh tortishdi, chunki ular u bilan klinik suhbatlar o'tkazmaganlar, ammo psixologik jihatdan raislik qilishga yaroqsiz bo'lsalar-da, Goldwater bu vazifada beparvolik va beparvolik qilishadi.^[62][63]

Saylovdan so'ng Goldwater nashriyotni, muharrirni va jurnalni tuhmat uchun sudga berdi Goldwater va Ginzburg. "Garchi hakamlar hay'ati uchta sudlanuvchiga nisbatan 1,00 dollar miqdorida tovon puli to'lagan bo'lsa-da, Ginzburgga qarshi 25 000 dollar va 50 000 AQSh dollari miqdorida jarima tovon puli to'ladi. Fakt jurnal, Inc. "^[64] Ga binoan Uorren Boroson, keyin boshqaruvchi muharriri Fakt keyinchalik moliyaviy muallif, jurnalda Goldwaterning asosiy biografiyasini yozgan Devid Bar-Illan, isroillik pianinochi.^[65]

Siyosiy reklama

Media-ni ijro etish

"Daisy" reklama

Demokratik saylov kampaniyasi reklamasi Daisy bir yosh qizni birdan o'nga qadar papatyaning barglarini sanashini ko'rsatdi. Ushbu sahnadan so'ng darhol ovoz o'ndan bittagacha hisoblangan. Bolaning yuzi harakatsiz fotosurat sifatida namoyish etildi, so'ngra uning tasvirlari yadroviy portlashlar va qo'ziqorin bulutlari. Saylovoldi tashviqoti reklamasi Jonsonga ovoz berish iltimosi bilan tugadi, chunki Goldwater (ism-sharifi aytilmagan bo'lsa ham) yadro urushi saylangan taqdirda. Bir nechta og'zaki so'zlarni o'z ichiga olgan va uning hissiy ta'sirida tasvirga asoslangan reklama Amerika siyosiy kampaniyasi tarixidagi eng provokatsion reklamalardan biri bo'lgan va ko'plab tahlilchilar buni zamonaviy uslubning tug'ilishi deb baholamoqdalar. "salbiy siyosiy reklamalar "Reklama faqat bir marta efirga uzatildi va darhol tortib olindi, ammo keyinchalik mahalliy telekanallar tomonidan tortishuvlarni yoritadigan ko'rsatuvlar ko'p marta namoyish etildi.^[66]

Goldwater-ning aloqalari yo'q edi Ku-kluks-klan (KKK), lekin u tashkilot a'zolari tomonidan ommaviy ravishda qo'llab-quvvatlandi.^[67][68] Lyndon B. Jonson saylovlar paytida ushbu uyushmadan foydalangan,^[69][70][71] ammo Goldwater KKKni uni qo'llab-quvvatlashiga to'sqinlik qildi va ularni qoraladi.^[72]

O'tmishdagi izohlar kampaniya davomida Goldwater-ga qaytib keldi. U bir marta Eyzenxauer ma'muriyati "dime-store New Deal" va sobiq Prezident uni hech qachon kechirmagan. Biroq, Eyzenxauer Goldwater bilan televizion reklama filmini suratga oldi.^[73] Nisabrda Eyzenxauer Goldwater uchun ovoz berishni o'ziga xos tarzda Goldwater uchun emas, balki Respublikachilar partiyasiga ovoz berganligini aytib ovoz berdi.^[74] 1961 yil dekabrda Goldvud matbuot anjumanida "ba'zan men Sharqiy dengiz sohilini ko'rsatsak va dengizga suzib bersak, bu mamlakat yaxshi bo'lar edi" deb aytgan edi. Ushbu sharh aksiya davomida unga Jonson televizion reklamasi shaklida bumerang paydo bo'ldi,^[75] qilish haqida eslatmalar qilgani kabi Ijtimoiy Havfsizlik ixtiyoriy,^[76] va Tennesi shtatidagi sotish haqidagi bayonotlar Tennessi vodiysi boshqarmasi, yirik mahalliy yangi ish beruvchi ish beruvchi.^[77]

Goldwater kampaniyasi diqqat markazida bo'ldi Ronald Reygan, kim reklama kampaniyasida e'lon qilingan.^[78] O'z navbatida, Reygan shov-shuvli, milliy televidenieda nutq so'zladi ".Tanlash vaqti ", Goldwater-ni qo'llab-quvvatlash uchun.^[79] Nutq Reyganni izlashga undadi Kaliforniya gubernatorligi 1966 yilda va siyosiy karerasini sakrab boshladi. Konservativ faol Filis Shlafli, keyinchalik unga qarshi kurashi bilan tanilgan Teng huquqlarga o'zgartirish, dastlab Goldwater-ni qo'llab-quvvatlovchi kitob yozgani bilan tanilgan, Echo emas, balki tanlov, mo''tadil respublika tuzumiga hujum qilish.

Natijalar

Shtatlar bo'yicha prezident saylovlari natijalari

Oltin suv prezident Lindon Jonsonga yutqazdi Kongressning ikkala palatasida ko'p o'rinlardan mahrum bo'lgan Respublikachilar partiyasini ag'darish natijasida.

Goldwater faqat o'z uyi Arizona va beshta shtatida g'olib chiqdi Chuqur janub. O'sha paytgacha an'anaviy ravishda demokratik bo'lgan Janubiy shtatlar respublikachilarga, avvalo, oppozitsiyaga qarshi bayonot sifatida ovoz berishdi Fuqarolik huquqlari to'g'risidagi qonun, shu yil boshida Jonson tomonidan imzolangan edi. Janubdan tashqarida qonun juda mashhur edi. Jonson Fuqarolik huquqlari to'g'risidagi qonunni qo'llab-quvvatlaganiga qaramay, qonun loyihasi janubdagi qarama-qarshilik tufayli Kongress Demokratlaridan ikkiga bo'lingan yordam oldi. Aksincha, Kongress respublikachilari ushbu qonun loyihasini ko'pchilik qo'llab-quvvatladilar, Goldwaterga esa unga qarshi ovoz berishda faqat 5 respublikachi senator qo'shildi.^[43][80] Janubdan tashqarida, Fuqarolik huquqlari to'g'risidagi qonun juda mashhur edi va Goldvudning unga qarshi chiqishi unga butun mamlakat bo'ylab saylovchilarga, shu jumladan o'z partiyasidan ham jiddiy zarar etkazdi.

Oxir-oqibat, Goldwater xalqning 38 foiz ovozini oldi va oltita shtatni o'z ichiga oldi: Arizona (umumiy ovozlarning 51 foizi bilan) va asosiy shtatlar Chuqur janub: Alabama, Jorjiya, Luiziana, Missisipi va Janubiy Karolina. Gruziyani 54-45% marj bilan ko'tarib, Goldwater shtatni yutgan birinchi respublikachi nomzod bo'ldi. Biroq, umumiy natija Ikkinchi Jahon Urushidan keyingi barcha respublikachilar uchun ommaviy ovoz berish va saylovchilar kollejidagi ovoz berish bo'yicha eng yomon ko'rsatkich bo'ldi. Darhaqiqat, Marikopa okrugida 20000 ovozli farq bo'lmasa, u hatto o'z davlatini ko'tarib yurmagan bo'lar edi.

Jonson 486 ta saylovchining ovozini qo'lga kiritdi, Golduoterning 52 ta ovoziga. Goldwater odatdagidek ochiqchasiga gapirib: "Biz yutqazgan bo'lsak ham yutgan bo'lar edik Avraam Linkoln U qaytib kelib, biz bilan saylovoldi tashviqotini olib borgan. "U keyinchalik hayotida, agar mamlakat quyidagi g'am-tashvish holatida bo'lmaganida, saylovda g'alaba qozonishini aytdi. Jon F. Kennedining o'ldirilishi Va bu faqat 14 oy ichida uchinchi prezidentga tayyor emasligi.

Goldwaterning sust namoyishi ko'plab tarafdorlarini yiqitdi. Kongress oldidan Goldwaterni ma'qullagan 57 respublikachi kongressmenlardan 20 nafari ko'plab umidli yosh respublikachilar qatori qayta saylanish uchun mag'lubiyatga uchradi. Aksincha, respublikachi kongressmen Jon Lindsay (Nyu-17), Goldwaterni qo'llab-quvvatlashni rad etgan, demokratlar umumiy 10% ustunlikka ega bo'lgan okrugda qayta saylandi.^[81] Boshqa tomondan, ko'plab keksa siyosatchilarning mag'lubiyati yosh konservatorlar uchun zinapoyaga ko'tarilish uchun imkoniyatlar yaratdi. O'rtacha respublikachilarning yo'qolishi vaqtinchalik bo'lsa-da, ular 1966 yilga kelib qaytib kelishgan - Goldwater shuningdek, ko'plab konservativ janubiy va oq etniklarni doimiy ravishda tashqariga chiqarib tashlagan. Yangi bitim koalitsiyasi.^[82]

Ga binoan Stiv Kornacki ning Salon "Goldwater buzilib kirib, beshta [Janubiy] shtatlarni yutib oldi - bu GOP nomzodi uchun qayta qurish davridan beri mintaqadagi eng yaxshi ko'rsatkich. Missisipi shahrida - Franklin D. Ruzvelt 28 yil oldin 100 foizga yaqin ovoz to'plagan - Goldvud hayratlanarli deb da'vo qilmoqda. 87 foiz. "^[83] Demokratik qal'alar deb hisoblangan Janubiy shtatlarda Goldwaterning kuchli ishlashi kelgusi o'n yilliklarda saylov tendentsiyalarining katta o'zgarishini oldindan aytib berdi, bu janubni respublikachilar qal'asiga aylantirishi mumkin edi.Qattiq janubiy ") - birinchi navbatda prezidentlik siyosatida va oxir-oqibat kongress va shtat darajalarida ham.^[84] Shuningdek, Golduoterning erkinlikni murosasiz ravishda ilgari surishi Amerika siyosatida liberalizmdan konservativ iqtisodiy falsafaga davom etadigan boshlanish bo'ldi.^[85]

Senatga qaytish

Goldwater prezident bilan uchrashmoqda Ronald Reygan ichida oval ofis, 1984

Goldwater Arizonada mashhur bo'lib qoldi va 1968 yil Senat saylovi u iste'fodagi senator lavozimiga saylandi Karl Xeyden. Keyinchalik u 1974 va 1980 yillarda qayta saylangan.

1970-yillarning oxirlarida, Ronald Reygan boshchiligidagi konservativ qanot Respublikachilar partiyasi ustidan nazoratni qo'lga kiritgach, Goldvud Senatdagi vazifalariga, ayniqsa, harbiy ishlarga e'tibor qaratdi. Aytishlaricha, Golduoter yoqtirmagan Richard Nikson siyosiy yoki shaxsiy darajada, keyinroq Kaliforniya Respublikachisini "hayotimda uchratgan eng insofsiz shaxs" deb atagan).^[49] Shunga ko'ra, u Niksonning saylanishi yoki ma'muriyatida unchalik katta rol o'ynamagan, ammo u 1974 yilda Niksonning iste'foga chiqishiga yordam bergan.^[86] Balandligida Votergeyt janjal, Goldwater Oq uyda Nikson bilan uchrashdi va uni iste'foga chiqishga undadi. O'sha paytda, Vakillar Palatasi tomonidan Niksonning impichmenti yaqinda edi va Golduoter uni respublikachilarning 10 dan kam senatori sudlanishga qarshi ovoz berishlari haqida ogohlantirdi.^[87] Goldwater Niksonni iste'foga chiqarishga ishontirishga yordam berganidan so'ng,^[87] Kongressning nufuzli a'zolari o'z partiyalari prezidenti bilan shunchalik qattiq kelishmovchiliklar yuzaga keladiki, ular unga qarshi chiqishgan holatlarni tasvirlash uchun "Goldwater moment" atamasi ishlatilgan.^{[iqtibos kerak ]}

Respublikachilar nomzodlari uchun qiyin yil bo'lishiga qaramay, 1974 Saylovda Goldwater o'zining Demokratik raqibi, nashr etuvchisi Jonathan Marshall ustidan osonlikcha qayta saylanganini ko'rdi Scottsdale taraqqiyoti.^[88]

1976 yilgi respublikachilarning milliy anjumanida Goldwater Rokfellerning vitse-prezident etib qayta nomlanishiga to'sqinlik qilmoqda. 1976 yilda Reygan Fordni prezidentlik nomzodiga da'vo qilganda, Goldvud amaldagi Fordni qo'llab-quvvatladi va konservativ idealizm o'rniga konsensus izladi. Bir tarixchi ta'kidlaganidek: "Arizonalik jangga bo'lgan ishtiyoqining ko'pini yo'qotdi".^[89][90][91]

1979 yilda Prezident Karter bilan munosabatlarni normallashtirganda Kommunistik Xitoy, Goldwater va boshqa ba'zi senatorlar uni sudga berishdi Oliy sud, Prezident buni bekor qila olmasligini ta'kidlab Xitoy-Amerika o'zaro mudofaa shartnomasi bilan Xitoy Respublikasi (Tayvan ) tomonidan tasdiqlanmagan holda Kongress. Ish, Goldwater v Karterga qarshi 444 AQSh 996, sud tomonidan bekor qilindi siyosiy savol.

Yakuniy saylov kampaniyasi va Senat muddati

Senatning to'rtinchi vakolat muddati 1981 yil yanvar oyida tugashi bilan, Golduoter 1980 yilda Senatdan iste'foga chiqishni jiddiy o'ylab, oxirgi muddatga qatnashishga qaror qildi. Bu hayratlanarli darajada qiyin edi qayta saylanish uchun kurash. Ba'zilar Goldvudni bir necha sabablarga ko'ra aloqasiz va zaif deb hisoblashgan, chunki u 1981 yilda nafaqaga chiqishni rejalashtirganligi sababli, u Arizona shtatining Feniks va Tuksondan tashqaridagi ko'plab hududlariga bormagan. Bundan tashqari, uning demokrat raqibi, Bill Shults, dahshatli raqib ekanligini isbotladi. Sobiq respublikachi va badavlat ko'chmas mulk ishlab chiqaruvchisi Shulttsning saylovoldi shiori "80-yillar uchun energiya" edi. Arizona aholisining o'zgarishi Goldwaterga ham zarar etkazdi. Shtat aholisi ko'paygan va elektoratning katta qismi shtatda ilgari Goldwater saylangan paytda yashamagan; Demak, amaldagi aksariyat prezidentlardan farqli o'laroq, ko'plab saylovchilar Goldwaterning haqiqiy e'tiqodlari bilan kam tanish edilar. Goldwater kampaniyaning aksariyat qismini mudofaaga sarflaydi. Garchi u umumiy saylovlarda juda tor farq bilan g'alaba qozongan bo'lsa-da, 49,5% ovozni Shultsning 48,4% ovoziga ega bo'lib,^[92] Saylov kechasida erta qaytishlar Shulsning g'alaba qozonishini ko'rsatdi. The counting of votes continued through the night and into the next morning. At around daybreak, Goldwater learned that he had been reelected thanks to Tashqi saylov byulletenlari, which were among the last to be counted.^[93]

Goldwater's surprisingly close victory in 1980 came despite Reagan's 61% landslide over Jimmi Karter Arizonada. Despite Goldwater’s struggles, in 1980 Republicans were able to pick up 12 senate seats, regaining control of the chamber for the first time since 1955, when Goldwater was in his first term. Goldwater was now in the most powerful position he had ever been in the Senate. In October 1983, Goldwater voted against the qonunchilik tashkil etish Martin Lyuter Kingning kuni kabi federal bayram.^[94]

After the new senate convened in January 1981, Goldwater became chairman of the Senate Intelligence Committee. In this role he had a notable clash with the Reagan administration in April 1984 when he discovered that the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) had been mining the waters of Nicaragua since February, something that he had first denied when the matter was raised.^[95] In a note to the CIA director William Casey, Goldwater denounced what he called an "act of war", saying that "this is no way to run a railroad" as he stated crossly that only Congress had the power to declare war and accused the CIA of illegally mining Nicaraguan waters without the permission of Congress.^[95] Goldwater concluded: "The President has asked us to back his foreign policy. Bill, how can we back his foreign policy when we don't know what the hell he is doing? Lebanon, yes, we all knew that he sent troops over there. But mine the harbors in Nicaragua? This is an act violating international law. It is an act of war. For the life of me, I don't see how we are going to explain it."^[95] Goldwater felt compelled to issue an apology on the floor of the Senate because the Senate Intelligence Committee had failed in its duties to oversee the CIA as he stated: "I am forced to apologize for the members of my committee because I did not know the facts on this case. And I apologize to all the members of the Senate for the same reason".^[96] Goldwater subsequently voted for a Congressional resolution condemning the mining.^[95]

In his 1980 Senate reelection campaign, Goldwater won support from religious conservatives but in his final term voted consistently to uphold legalized abortion and in 1981 gave a speech on how he was angry about the bullying of American politicians by religious organizations, and would "fight them every step of the way".^[97][98][99] Goldwater also disagreed with the Reagan administration on certain aspects of foreign policy (for example, he opposed the decision to mine Nicaraguan harbors ). Notwithstanding his prior differences with Duayt D. Eyzenxauer, Goldwater in a 1986 interview rated him the best of the seven presidents with whom he had worked.^{[iqtibos kerak ]}

U tanishtirdi 1984 Cable Franchise Policy and Communications Act, which allowed local governments to require the transmission of jamoat, ta'lim va hukumatdan foydalanish (PEG) channels, barred cable operators from exercising editorial control over content of programs carried on PEG channels, and absolved them from liability for their content.

On May 12, 1986, Goldwater was presented with the Prezidentning Ozodlik medali Prezident tomonidan Ronald Reygan.

President Ronald Reagan and Senator Goldwater award retired General Jimmi Dulitl, USAFR, with a fourth star, April 10, 1985

Goldwater visited the small town of Bouen, Illinoys, in 1989 to see where his mother was raised.

Bunga javoban Axloqiy ko'pchilik asoschisi Jerri Falwell 's opposition to the nomination of Sandra Day O'Konnor to the Supreme Court, of which Falwell had said, "Every good Christian should be concerned", Goldwater retorted: "Every good Christian ought to kick Falwell right in the ass."^[100][101] Ga binoan Jon Din, Goldwater actually suggested that good Christians ought to kick Falwell in the "nuts", but the news media "changed the anatomical reference".^{[102][sahifa kerak ]} Goldwater also had harsh words for his one-time political protegé, President Reagan, particularly after the Eron-Kontra ishi became public in 1986. Journalist Robert Makneyl, a friend of Goldwater's from the 1964 presidential campaign, recalled interviewing him in his office shortly afterward. "He was sitting in his office with his hands on his cane... and he said to me, 'Well, aren't you going to ask me about the Eron arms sales?' It had just been announced that the Reagan administration had sold arms to Iran. And I said, 'Well, if I asked you, what would you say?' He said, 'I'd say it's the god-damned stupidest foreign policy blunder this country's ever made!'",^[103] although aside from the Iran–Contra scandal, Goldwater thought nonetheless that Reagan was a good president.^[104]

Iste'fo

Goldwater said later that the close result in 1980 convinced him not to run again.^[105] He retired in 1987, serving as chair of the Senate Intelligence and Armed Services Committees in his final term. Despite his reputation as a firebrand in the 1960s, by the end of his career he was considered a stabilizing influence in the Senate, one of the most respected members of either major party. Although Goldwater remained staunchly anti-communist and "hawkish" on military issues, he was a key supporter of the fight for ratification of the Panama kanali shartnomasi in the 1970s, which would give control of the canal zone to the Republic of Panama. His most important legislative achievement may have been the Goldwater-Nichols qonuni, which reorganized the U.S. military's senior-command structure.

Siyosatlar

Goldwater became most associated with labor-union reform and anti-communism; u tarafdori edi konservativ koalitsiya Kongressda. His work on labor issues led to Congress passing major anti-corruption reforms in 1957, and an all-out campaign by the AFL-CIO to defeat his 1958 reelection bid. He voted against the censure of Senator Jozef Makkarti in 1954, but he never actually charged any individual with being a communist/Soviet agent. Goldwater emphasized his strong opposition to the worldwide spread of communism in his 1960 book Konservatorning vijdoni. The book became an important reference text in conservative political circles.

Informal press conference August 7, 1974 (one day before Nixon announced his resignation) following a meeting between Goldwater, Senat ozchiliklar etakchisi Skott, Uy ozchiliklar etakchisi Rodos and the President to discuss the Votergeyt bilan bog'liq janjal va impichment jarayoni

In 1964, Goldwater ran a conservative campaign that emphasized states' rights.^[106] Goldwater's 1964 campaign was a magnet for conservatives since he opposed interference by the federal government in state affairs. Goldwater voted in favor of the 1957 yildagi fuqarolik huquqlari to'g'risidagi qonun va AQSh Konstitutsiyasiga 24-tuzatish,^[107][108] lekin ovoz bermadi 1960 yilgi Fuqarolik huquqlari to'g'risidagi qonun.^[109] Though Goldwater had supported the original Senate version of the bill, Goldwater voted against the Fuqarolik huquqlari to'g'risidagi 1964 y.^[110] His stance was based on his view that Article II and Article VII of the Act interfered with the rights of private persons to do or not to do business with whomever they chose, and believed that the private employment provisions of the Act would lead to racial quotas.^[111] In the segregated city of Phoenix in the 1950s, he had quietly supported civil rights for blacks, but would not let his name be used.^[112]

Bularning barchasi appealed to white Southern Democrats, and Goldwater was the first Republican to win the electoral votes of all of the Deep South states (Janubiy Karolina, Gruziya, Alabama, Missisipi va Luiziana ) beri Qayta qurish.^[43] However, Goldwater's vote on the Civil Rights Act proved devastating to his campaign everywhere outside the South (besides Dixie, Goldwater won only in Arizona, his home state), contributing to his landslide defeat in 1964.

While Goldwater had been depicted by his opponents in the Republican primaries as a representative of a konservativ philosophy that was extreme and alien, his voting records show that his positions were in harmony with those of his fellow Republicans in the Congress. Ga binoan Xans J. Morgentau, what distinguished him from his predecessors was his firmness of principle and determination, which did not allow him to be content with mere rhetoric.^[113]

Goldwater fought in 1971 to stop U.S. funding of the United Nations after the People's Republic of China was admitted to the organization. U aytdi:

I suggested on the floor of the Senate today that we stop all funds for the United Nations. Now, what that'll do to the United Nations, I don't know. I have a hunch it would cause them to fold up, which would make me very happy at this particular point. I think if this happens, they can well move their headquarters to Peking or Moscow and get 'em out of this country.^[114]

Goldwater and the revival of American conservatism

Although Goldwater was not as important in the Amerikalik konservativ movement as Ronald Reygan after 1965, he shaped and redefined the movement from the late 1950s to 1964. Arizona Senator Jon Makkeyn, who had succeeded Goldwater in the Senate in 1987, summed up Goldwater's legacy, "He transformed the Republican Party from an Eastern elitist organization to the breeding ground for the election of Ronald Reagan."^[115] Kolumnist Jorj Uill remarked after the 1980 yilgi prezident saylovi that it took 16 years to count the votes from 1964 and Goldwater won.^[116]

The Republican Party recovered from the 1964 election debacle, acquiring 47 seats in the Vakillar palatasi ichida 1966 mid-term election. Further Republican successes ensued, including Goldwater's return to the Senate in 1969. In January of that year, Goldwater wrote an article in the Milliy sharh "affirming that he [was] not against liberals, that liberals are needed as a counterweight to conservatism, and that he had in mind a fine liberal like Max Lerner ".^[117]

Goldwater was a strong supporter of environmental protection. He explained his position in 1969:

I feel very definitely that the [Nixon] administration is absolutely correct in cracking down on companies and corporations and municipalities that continue to pollute the nation's air and water. While I am a great believer in the free competitive enterprise system and all that it entails, I am an even stronger believer in the right of our people to live in a clean and pollution-free environment. To this end, it is my belief that when pollution is found, it should be halted at the source, even if this requires stringent government action against important segments of our national economy.^[118]

Keyinchalik hayot

Signing autographs at the Fiesta Bowl parade in 1983

1980 yillarga kelib Ronald Reygan as president and the growing involvement of the diniy huquq in conservative politics, Goldwater's ozodlik views on personal issues were revealed; he believed that they were an integral part of true conservatism. Goldwater viewed abortion as a matter of personal choice and as such supported abortion rights.^[119]

As a passionate defender of personal liberty, he saw the religious right's views as an encroachment on personal privacy and individual liberties.^[120]

After his retirement in 1987, Goldwater described the Arizona Governor Evan Mecham as "hardheaded" and called on him to resign, and two years later stated that the Republican party had been taken over by a "bunch of kooks".^[121]

1987 yilda u qabul qildi Langley oltin medali dan Smitson instituti. 1988 yilda, Princeton universiteti "s Amerika Whig-Cliosophic Society awarded Goldwater the Jeyms Medison mukofoti "Obro'li xizmat uchun" uning martabasini tan olish uchun.^[122]

Bilan 1994 yilda bo'lib o'tgan intervyusida Washington Post, the retired senator said,

When you say "radical right" today, I think of these moneymaking ventures by fellows like Pat Robertson and others who are trying to take the Republican party and make a religious organization out of it. If that ever happens, kiss politics goodbye.^[123]

In 1988 during that year's prezidentlik kampaniyasi, he pointedly told vice-presidential nominee Dan Kvayl at a campaign event in Arizona "I want you to go back and tell George Bush to start talking about the issues."^[124]

Some of Goldwater's statements in the 1990s alienated many ijtimoiy konservatorlar. U Demokratni ma'qulladi Karan inglizcha in an Arizona congressional race, urged Republicans to lay off Bill Klinton ustidan Oq suv bilan bog'liq janjal va tanqid qilindi the military's ban on homosexuals:^[123] He said that "Everyone knows that gays have served honorably in the military since at least the time of Yuliy Tsezar "^[125] and that "You don't need to be 'straight' to fight and die for your country. You just need to shoot straight."^[126] A few years before his death, he addressed establishment Republicans by saying, "Do not associate my name with anything you do. You are extremists, and you've hurt the Republican party much more than the Democrats have."^[127]

In 1996, he told Bob Dole, whose own presidential campaign received lukewarm support from conservative Republicans: "We're the new liberals of the Republican party. Can you imagine that?"^[128] In that same year, with Senator Dennis DeKoncini, Goldwater endorsed an Arizona initiative to legalize tibbiy marixuana against the countervailing opinion of social conservatives.^[129]

O'lim

In 1997, Goldwater revealed he was in the early stages of Altsgeymer kasalligi and would be retiring from public life. On May 29, 1998, a year after his diagnosis, Barry Goldwater died in Paradise Valley, Arizona at the age of 89.

Sevimli mashg'ulotlari va qiziqishlari

Havaskor radio

Goldwater was an avid havaskor radio operator from the early 1920s onwards, with the qo'ng'iroq belgilari 6BPI, K3UIG and K7UGA.^[130][131] The last is now used by an Arizona club honoring him as a commemorative call. Davomida Vetnam urushi u edi Harbiy sheriklik radio tizimi (MARS) operator.^[132]

Goldwater was a prominent spokesman for amateur radio and its enthusiasts. Beginning in 1969 up to his death he appeared in numerous educational and promotional films (and later videos) about the hobby that were produced for the Amerika radiosining estafeta ligasi (the United States national society representing the interests of radio amateurs) by such producers as Dave Bell (W6AQ), ARRL Southwest Director John R. Griggs (W6KW), Alan Kaul (W6RCL), Forrest Oden (N6ENV), and the late Roy Neal (K6DUE). His first appearance was in Dave Bell's The World of Amateur Radio where Goldwater discussed the history of the hobby and demonstrated a live contact with Antarctica. His last on-screen appearance dealing with "ham radio" was in 1994, explaining a then-upcoming, Earth-orbiting ham radio relay satellite.

Electronics was a hobby for Goldwater beyond amateur radio. He enjoyed assembling Xitkitlar,^[133] completing more than 100 and often visiting their maker in Michigan shtatidagi Benton-Harbor, to buy more, before the company exited the kit business in 1992.^[134]

Kachina dolls

Most of the kachina dolls at the Heard Museum were donated by Goldwater

In 1916 Goldwater visited the Hopi Rezervasyon with Phoenix architect John Rinker Kibby, and obtained his first kachina doll. Eventually his doll collection included 437 items and was presented in 1969 to the Heard muzeyi Feniksda.^[135]

Fotosuratlar

Goldwater was an amateur photographer and in his estate left some 15,000 of his images to three Arizona institutions. He was very keen on samimiy fotosurat. He got started in photography after receiving a camera as a gift from his wife on their first Christmas together. He was known to use a 4×5 Graflex, Rolleiflex, 16 mm Bell va Xauell motion picture camera, and 35 mm Nikkormat FT. U a'zosi edi Qirol fotografiya jamiyati from 1941 becoming a Life Member in 1948.^[136]

For decades, he contributed photographs of his home state to Arizona magistral yo'llari and was best known for his Western landscapes and pictures of native Americans in the United States. Three books with his photographs are Odamlar va joylar, from 1967; Barry Goldwater and the Southwest, from 1976; va Delightful Journey, first published in 1940 and reprinted in 1970. Ansel Adams wrote a foreword to the 1976 book.^[137]

Goldwater's photography interests occasionally crossed over with his political career. Jon F. Kennedi, as president, was known to invite former congressional colleagues to the White House for a drink. On one occasion, Goldwater brought his camera and photographed President Kennedy. When Kennedy received the photo, he returned it to Goldwater, with the inscription, "For Barry Goldwater—Whom I urge to follow the career for which he has shown such talent—photography!—from his friend—John Kennedy." This quip became a classic of American political humor after it was made famous by humorist Bennett Cerf. The photo itself was prized by Goldwater for the rest of his life, and recently sold for $17,925 in a Meros kim oshdi savdosi.^[138]

Son Michael Prescott Goldwater formed the Goldwater Family Foundation with the goal of making his father's photography available via the internet. (Barry Goldwater Photographs) was launched in September 2006 to coincide with the HBO documentary Mr. Conservative, produced by granddaughter CC Goldwater.

NUJ

On March 28, 1975, Goldwater wrote to Shlomo Arnon: "The subject of UFOs has interested me for some long time. About ten or twelve years ago I made an effort to find out what was in the building at Rayt-Patterson harbiy-havo bazasi where the information has been stored that has been collected by the Air Force, and I was understandably denied this request. It is still classified above Top Secret."^[139] Goldwater further wrote that there were rumors the evidence would be released, and that he was "just as anxious to see this material as you are, and I hope we will not have to wait much longer".^[139]

The April 25, 1988 issue of Nyu-Yorker carried an interview where Goldwater said he repeatedly asked his friend, General Kertis LeMay, if there was any truth to the rumors that UFO evidence was stored in a secret room at Wright-Patterson, and if he (Goldwater) might have access to the room. According to Goldwater, an angry LeMay gave him "holy hell" and said, "Not only can't you get into it but don't you ever mention it to me again."^[140]

In a 1988 interview on Larri King 's radio show, Goldwater was asked if he thought the U.S. Government was withholding UFO evidence; he replied "Yes, I do." U qo'shimcha qildi:

I certainly believe in aliens in space. They may not look like us, but I have very strong feelings that they have advanced beyond our mental capabilities... I think some highly secret government UFO investigations are going on that we don't know about—and probably never will unless the Air Force discloses them.^{[141][ishonchsiz chekka manbai? ]}

Goldwater stipendiyasi

The Barri M. Goldwater stipendiyasi and Excellence in Education Program was established by Congress in 1986.^[142] Its goal is to provide a continuing source of highly qualified scientists, mathematicians, and engineers by awarding scholarships to college students who intend to pursue careers in these fields.

The Scholarship is widely considered the most prestigious award in the U.S. conferred upon undergraduates studying the sciences. It is awarded to about 300 students (college sophomores and juniors) nationwide in the amount of $7,500 per academic year (for their senior year, or junior and senior years).^[143] It honors Goldwater's keen interest in science and technology.

O'lim

The Goldwater Crypt#64

Goldwater's public appearances ended in late 1996 after he suffered a massive stroke; family members then disclosed he was in the early stages of Altsgeymer kasalligi. He died on May 29, 1998, at the age of 89 at his long-time home in Paradise Valley, Arizona, of complications from the stroke.^[144] His funeral was co-officiated by both a reverend and a rabbi.^[145][146] His ashes were buried at the Episcopal Christ Church of the Ascension in Paradise Valley, Arizona.^[147] A memorial statue set in a small park has been erected to honor the memory of Goldwater in that town, near his former home and current resting place.

Meros

Binolar va yodgorliklar

Barry M. Goldwater Terminal 4 entrance at Feniks Sky Harbor xalqaro aeroporti

Barry Goldwater statue yilda Milliy haykallar zali Vashingtonda

The Barry Goldwater Memorial Park

Among the buildings and monuments named after Barry Goldwater are: the Barry M. Goldwater Terminal at Feniks Sky Harbor xalqaro aeroporti, Goldwater Memorial Park^[148] yilda Paradise Valley, Arizona, the Barry Goldwater Air Force Academy Visitor Center at the Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari havo kuchlari akademiyasi va Barry Goldwater High School in northern Phoenix. In 2010, former Arizona Attorney General Grant Vuds, himself a Goldwater scholar and supporter, founded the Goldwater ayollar tennisining klassik turi Tournament to be held annually at the Feniks Country Club Feniksda.^[149] On February 11, 2015, a statue of Goldwater tomonidan Debora Copenhaver Fellows was unveiled by U.S. House and Senate leaders at a dedication ceremony in Milliy haykallar zali Vashingtondagi AQSh Kapitoliy binosining.^[150] Barry Goldwater Peak is the highest peak in the Oq tank tog'lari.^[151]

Hujjatli film

Goldwater's granddaughter, CC Goldwater, has co-produced with longtime friend and mustaqil film ishlab chiqaruvchi Tani L. Koen a documentary on Goldwater's life, Janob konservativ: Goldwater-da Goldwater, first shown on HBO 2006 yil 18 sentyabrda.^[152]

Ommaviy madaniyatda

Uning qo'shig'ida "Men ozod bo'laman 10-son ", Bob Dilan refers to Goldwater: "I'm liberal to a degree, I want everybody to be free. But if you think I'll let Barry Goldwater move in next door and marry my daughter, you must think I'm crazy."^[153] 1965 yilda filmda Bedford voqeasi, aktyor Richard Vidmark playing the film's antagonist, Captain Eric Finlander of the fictional destroyer USS Bedford, modelled his character's mannerisms and rhetorical style after Goldwater.^[154]

Harbiy mukofotlar

• Buyruqning uchuvchisi nishoni
• Xizmat ko'rsatuvchi uchuvchi nishoni (former U.S. Army Air Forces rating)
• Xizmat legioni
• Havo medali
• Armiya maqtov medali
• Amerika mudofaa xizmati medali
• Amerika kampaniyasi medali
• Evropa-Afrika-Yaqin Sharq kampaniyasi medali
• Osiyo-Tinch okeani kampaniyasi medali kampaniya yulduzi bilan
• Ikkinchi jahon urushidagi g'alaba medali
• Qurolli Kuchlar zaxira medali with three bronze hourglasses

Boshqa mukofotlar

• Prezidentning Ozodlik medali (1986)
• Amerika legioni Ajoyib xizmat medali
• Marconi Gold Medal, Veteran Wireless Operators Association (1968)
• Marconi Medal of Achievement (1968)
• Bob Hope Five Star Civilian Award (1976)
• Good Citizenship Award, Daughters of the American Revolution
• 33rd Degree Mason
• The Duglas Makartur Xotira mukofoti
• Top Gun Award, Lyuk havo kuchlari bazasi
• Order of Fifinella Award – Champion of the Women Air Force Service Pilots (WASP) (1978)
• Tomas D. Oq National Defense Award 1978
• Conservative Digest Award (1980)
• Senator Jon Uorner Yadro qurolsizlanish sohasidagi davlat xizmati uchun mukofot (1983)
• Aleksandr M. Xeyg, Kichik Memorial mukofoti (1983)
• Amerika hindulari milliy kongressi mukofoti (1985)
• Space Pioneer mukofoti, oltinchi kosmik rivojlanish konferentsiyasi (1987)
• Jeyms Medison mukofoti, Amerika Whig-Cliosophic Society (1988)
• Milliy aviatsiya shon-sharaf zali (1982)^[155]

Kitoblar

• Konservatorning vijdoni. 1960 ISBN  978-0895265401
• Nega G'alaba emas? Amerika siyosatiga yangicha qarash. 1963. OCLC  25326755
• Goldwater ham (Vashington: Jamoatchilik bilan aloqalar bo'yicha matbuot, 1964)
• Men turgan joyda. Nyu York: McGraw tepaligi, 1964. LCCN  64-25853
  • Xitoycha tarjimasi mavjud.
• Ko'pchilikning vijdoni. 1971. ISBN  978-0671780968
• Kelayotgan chegara. 1976. ISBN  978-0025446113
• Arizona. Chikago, IL: Rend McNally, 1977. ISBN  978-0938379041 LCCN  78-7098 136 bet.
• Kechirimsiz: senator Barri M.Golduoterning shaxsiy va siyosiy xotiralari. 1980. ISBN  978-0688035471
• Oltin suv (Tarjimai hol). 1988 yil. ISBN  978-0385239479

Qarindoshlar

Goldwaterning o'g'li Barri Goldwater Jr. 1969 yildan 1983 yilgacha Kaliforniyadan Kongress a'zosi bo'lib ishlagan. Senatda otasi bo'lganida xizmat qilgan birinchi kongressmen. Goldwaterning amakisi Morris Goldwater Arizona hududiy va shtat qonun chiqaruvchi organlarida va shahar hokimi sifatida ishlagan Preskott, Arizona. Goldwaterning jiyani Don Goldwater qidirdi Arizona Respublikachilar partiyasi uchun nomzod Arizona gubernatori 2006 yilda, ammo u mag'lubiyatga uchradi Len Munsil.

Shuningdek qarang

• Barri Goldwaterning saylov tarixi
• Goldwater instituti
• Goldwater qoidasi

Izohlar

Adabiyotlar

Birlamchi

• Gallup, Jorj H, ed. (1972), Gallup bo'yicha so'rovnoma: jamoatchilik fikri, 1935–1971, 3
• Goldwater, Barri M., Jek Kasseri bilan. Oltin suv (Doubleday, 1988), avtobiografiya.
• Xess, Karl (1967), G'alaba qozonadigan sababda: Oltin suv kampaniyasi va konservatizmning kelajagi (xotira), OCLC  639505 Goldwater nutq muallifi
• Shadegg, Stiven. Goldwaterda nima bo'ldi? 1964 yilgi Respublika kampaniyasining ichki hikoyasi (Xolt, Raynxart va Uinston, 1965).
• Uayt, F. Klifton. Suite 3505: Oltin suv harakati loyihasi haqida hikoya (Arlington uyi, 1967).

Ikkilamchi

• Brennan, Meri S (1995), Oltmishinchi yillarda o'ng tomonga burilish: GOPni konservativ qo'lga olish, U Shimoliy Karolina Pressidan, ISBN  978-0807858646
• Konli, Brayan M. Respublikachilar huquqining ko'tarilishi: Goldvuddan Reygangacha (Routledge, 2019).
• Brogan, Patrik (1989). Jang hech qachon to'xtamagan: 1945 yildan beri jahon mojarolari uchun keng qo'llanma. Nyu-York: Amp kitoblar. ISBN  0679720332.
• Konli, Brayan M. "Partiyani yangilash siyosati:" Xizmat partiyasi "va Goldoldudan keyingi respublika huquqining kelib chiqishi". Amerika siyosiy taraqqiyoti bo'yicha tadqiqotlar 27.1 (2013): 51+ onlayn.
• Krespi, Irving. "O'ng qanotli konservatizmning tarkibiy asoslari: Goldwater Case" Har chorakda jamoatchilik fikri 29 # 4 (Qish, 1965-66): 523-543.
• Kanningem, Shon P. "G'arb odami: Goldwaterning chegara konservatizmi vohasida aksi". Arizona tarixi jurnali 61.1 (2020): 79-88.
• Donaldson, Gari (2003), Liberalizmning so'nggi zarbasi: 1964 yilgi prezidentlik kampaniyasi, ISBN  978-0765611192
• Edvards, Li (1997), Goldwater: Inqilob qilgan odam (tarjimai hol), ISBN  978-0895264305
• Goldberg, Robert Alan (1995), Barri Goldwater, ISBN  978-0300072570, standart ilmiy tarjimai hol
• Xojson, Godfri (1996), Dunyo o'ng tomonga burildi: Amerikadagi konservativ yuksalish tarixi, Xyuton Mifflin, ISBN  978-0395822944
• Grande, Uilyam M. Leo (2000). Bizning o'zimizning hovlimiz: Markaziy Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari, 1977-1992. Chapel Hill: Univ of North Carolina Press. ISBN  0807848573.
• Jurdem, Laurence R. "" OAV siz uchun to'liq adolatli bo'lmagan ": tashqi siyosat, matbuot va 1964 yilgi Goldwater kampaniyasi." Arizona tarixi jurnali 61.1 (2020): 161–80.
• Mann, Robert. Daisy petals va qo'ziqorin bulutlari: LBJ, Barry Goldwater va Amerika siyosatini o'zgartirgan reklama (Luiziana shtati UP, 2011).
• Metyus, Jefri J (1997), "Maverikni mag'lub etish: Oltin suv nomzodi qayta ko'rib chiqilgan, 1963-1964", Prezidentlik tadqiqotlari chorakda, 27 (1): 662–
• Middendorf, J. Uilyam. Shonli ofat: Barri Golduoterning prezidentlik kampaniyasi va konservativ harakatning kelib chiqishi (Asosiy kitoblar, 2006).
• Perlstayn, Rik (2001), Bo'rondan oldin: Barri Golduoter va Amerika konsensusining yo'qligi, Nyu-York: Hill va Vang, ISBN  978-0-8090-2859-7
• Shepard, Kristofer. "Haqiqiy Jeffersonian: G'arbning Barri Golduoterning konservativ tamoyillari va uning 1964 yilgi fuqarolik huquqlariga qarshi ovozi." G'arb jurnali. 49, yo'q. 1, (2010): 34-40
• Shermer, Elizabeth Tandy (tahr.) (2013). Barri Golduoter va Amerika siyosiy landshaftining qayta qurilishi. Tukson, AZ: Arizona universiteti matbuoti, 2013 y. ISBN  978-0816521098
• Smit, dekan. Arizona shtatining oltin suvlari (1986), ota-onalarning qisqacha yoritilishini o'z ichiga oladi. ISBN  978-0873583954
• Teylor, Endryu. "Barri Golduoter: qo'zg'olonchi konservatizm konstitutsiyaviy ritorika sifatida." Siyosiy mafkuralar jurnali 21, yo'q. 3 (2016): 242-60. onlayn
• Teylor, Endryu. "Barri Golduoterning notiqligi". yilda Eyzenxauerdan Trampgacha respublikachi oratorlar (Palgrave Macmillan, Cham, 2018). 41-66.
• Tonnessen, Alf Tomas. "Goldwater, Bush, Rayan va konservativ respublikachilarning federal huquq dasturlarini isloh qilishdagi muvaffaqiyatsiz urinishlari." Skandinaviyadagi Amerika tadqiqotlari 47.2 (2015): 47–62 onlayn.
• Torburn, Ueyn. "Barrining o'g'illari va oltin suvli qizlari: Barri Golduoter va 1960 yil boshlarida yosh konservatorlarni safarbar etish." Arizona tarixi jurnali 61.1 (2020): 89–107. parcha
• Uitfild, Stiven (1996). Sovuq urush madaniyati. Baltimor: JHU Press. ISBN  0801851955.
• Oq, Teodor (1965), Prezidentning yaratilishi: 1964 yil, ISBN  978-0061900617 onlayn

Tashqi havolalar

• Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Kongressi. "Barri Goldwater (id: G000267)". Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Kongressining biografik ma'lumotnomasi.
• Tashqi ko'rinish kuni C-SPAN
  • "Barri Golduoter, Prezidentlikka da'vogar" dan C-SPAN "s Nomzodlar
• Goldwater instituti
• Barri Golduoterning 1966 yil 22 iyunda Kaliforniya shtatidagi Sakramento shtatidagi Komstock klubida qilgan nutqi