Nyulnyulan tillari - Nyulnyulan languages

Nyulnyulan
Geografik
tarqatish		birga Fitsroy daryosi, Damper yarimoroli ichida Kimberli viloyati
Lingvistik tasnifDunyodagi asosiy tanlovlardan biri til oilalari
Bo'limlar
  • Sharqiy
  • G'arbiy
Glottolognyul1248[1]
Nyulnyulan languages.png
Nyulnyulan tillari (binafsha rang), boshqa pama-nyungan bo'lmagan tillar qatori (kulrang)

The Nyulnyulan tillari kichik oila chambarchas bog'liq Avstraliya aborigen tillari shimolda gaplashadigan G'arbiy Avstraliya. Ushbu oiladagi aksariyat tillar yo'q bo'lib ketgan, atigi 3 ta til mavjud bo'lib, ularning barchasi deyarli yo'q bo'lib ketgan.

Ichki tasnif

Tillar leksik va morfologik yangilik asosida tashkil etilgan ikkita tarmoqni tashkil qiladi.[2]

  • G'arbiy yoki Nyulnyulic:
Nyulnyul †
Bardi
Javi
Djabirr-Djabirr †
Nimanburru †
  • Sharqiy yoki Dyukun:
Yawuru
Dyugun †
Warrwa †
Nyigina
Ngumbarl †

Lug'at

Kapell (1940) Nyulnyulan tillari uchun quyidagi asosiy so'z boyliklarini sanab o'tdi:[3]

yaltiroqBardNjulnjulJauorNjiginaWarrwa
kishiːmbawaːmbwaːmbawaːmbawaːmba
ayoljranjworinjdjandodjandodjando
boshnalmnalmmarumaruŋalma
ko'znemnembaninimilgarnimilgar
burunnimalnimal? nimalidunidjinaidunidjina
og'iznilernilerdjavanilerniler
tilyangiyangidjäländjäländjälän
oshqozonyo'qŋyo'qŋualunuŋuyo'qŋ
suyakgɛndjgɛndjgandjigandjigandji
qonpayvandchipayvandchigunbulugunbulugunbulu
kenguruburubardjani, burugbardjananbardjanibardjani
opossumläggurläggurgoiɛläggurguɳɖuman
emuininiwininganaŋandjaganaŋandjaganaŋandja
qarg'awaggedeumidsizjavariwaŋgaɳakiring
pashshamogonjmogonjbɛːrambinvaminvamin
quyoshalgwalgwaːlgabaɽawaːlga
oygunjulgunjulgilibangilinman, giridingiliman, giridin
olovdjuŋgudjuŋgudjuŋgudjuŋgudjuŋgu
tutungungudgungudɽuɽunduviduvi
suvwol, uggurwol, wuŋgurwulawelawela

Leksik izoglosses

Ba'zilar leksik izoglosses Proto-Western Nyulnyulan va Proto-Eastern Nyulnyulan o'rtasida:[4]

yaltiroqProto-Western NyulnyulanProto-Sharqiy Nyulnyulan
chirigan* biini* mandu
barg* bilibil* wirrkiny
buta mamlakati* bindan* birra
kenguru* burruk* barrjaniny
daraxt, tayoq* bardangk* baalu
kel, kel* darr** - bula
ha* yaxshi* ngawayi
keyinroq, tez orada* karrm* wanyji
tuxum* lakurr* kambiy
yaxshi* layib* maabu
burun* -mal* nguni
izlamoq** - mil** - murungu
bilimdon* -mungk* nila
kichik* murrul* wuba
loy* ngijil* jabula ~ * jakula
opa* marrir* ngunu
peshona* -nkarra* jirrbal
son* -nmurr* balngany
quyruq* -harla* makarra
ayol* wurany* jarndu

Proto-tillar

Proto-Nyulnyulan

Proto-Nyulnyulan
Qayta qurishNyulnyulan tillari

Proto-Nyulnyulanning quyidagi rekonstruktsiyasi Stoks va Makgregor (2003) dan:[4]

Qisqartmalar
  • WNN: G'arbiy Nyulnyulan
  • ENN: Sharqiy Nyulnyulan
yo'q.yaltiroqProto-Nyulnyulan
1.va* a
2.bosh* -alma
3.bola* baaba
4.chayon* barn
5.karlar (ENN "unutish")* bab
6.birodar (katta) (B +)* babala
7.qog'ozli qog'oz coolamon* bakarl
8.qachon* bana
9.tuklar (ENN "qush")* bandal
10.gilam ilon* baninyburu
11.hid** - banyju
12.ajoyib baliq uchun zahar* banyjud
13.sharq* banu
14.to'liq** - bardika
15.yoping, o'chiring** - barnd
16.goanna* barni
17.almashinish, refleksiv / o'zaro IV** - barnj
18.o'ylang** - barribarri
19.devor* barrjaniny
20.sovuq mavsum, qish* barrkana
21.kurka, bustard* barrkar
22.laqqa baliq* barulu
23.orqada* baybirr
24.soya* biika
25.miltillamoq* bilbil
26.tajovuzkor, yirtqich, g'azablangan, jang* bili
27.ruh, ruh* bilyurr
28.kapalak, kuya* bindabinda
29.uzun marvarid marjonlarni* binyjabinyja
30.qobiq coolamon* binyjin
31.bahor* birlarr
32.urish, o'ldirish* -bu
33.gul* bubu
34.ensa* buda
35.orzu, tush vaqti* bukarri
36.o'rtada, o'rtasida, yo'lda* bulngurru
37.charchagan, charchagan* bulyji
38.tishlamoq** - bundarr (a)
39.axlat, axlat* burda
40.raqs* burrb
41.mag'lubiyat* burrurr
42.lager, joy, mamlakat* buru
43.puflamoq* buu
44.chumoli turlari* buya
45.bolg'a* da
46.kar* dakidaki
47.jag ', pastki jag'* dangku
48.burilish* dibirr
49.buyrak* dilba
50.pashsha* dumbarra
51.ichish** - (i) bi
52.so'rang** - jabala
53.qarang** - jala
54.pelikan* jalinymarr
55.yiqilish** - jalku
56.sehrli kuch, davolovchi salohiyat* jalngka
57.shifokor ("tibbiyot odami")* jalngkangurru
58.amakivachcha* jalval
59.onaning otasi (MF)* murabbo
60.bolta* jamiyunu
61.xotinining otasi (WF)* jamunyarri
62.qayerda* jana
63.oyoq bosmoq, qadam bosmoq** - janbu
64.buzoq* jangqala
65.tanaffus** - jangkulu
66.Split* ja (r) l
67.harmonik avlod* jarndu
68.ko'tarish, ko'tarish* jarrbard
69.tish* jarringk
70.ayt, qil** - ji ~ * -di
71.pastga qarab* jidlarra
72.bumerang* jiiba
73.pastga, pastda, ichkarida* jimbin
74.nayza turi* jinal
75.qulayotgan Yulduz* jirirr
76.qo'shiq ayt* jirrmu
77.murda* jiwarri
78.ayt** - julnga
79.olov* jungku
80.emish* juny
81.yugurish* jurnk
82.pastga qarab* jurr
83.ilon* jurru
84.to'kib tashlang* jur (r) urr
85.olib yurmoq** - ka
86.suyak* kaanyji
87.otasining onasi* kabali
88.jigar (ENN, Jk ‘ichaklaridan tashqari)* kabir
89.kul (sovuq)* kajurd
90.yo'qotish, tushirish** - kalbarr
91.yuqoriga, yuqoriga* kalbu
92.allaqachon, tugadi* kaliya
93.otaning otasi (FF)* kalurd
94.onaning onasi (MM)* kamirda
95.qotil, marosimdagi qotil* kanarbin
96.semirib / yaxshi ovqatlanmoq** - kanb
97.kulmoq** - ka (n) ma
98.tupurish, tupurik* kararr
99.kiring, kiring** - kard
100.qarsakchalar* karn-
101.kenguru turlari, yirik* karrabulu
102.qalqon* karrbina
103.chaqirmoq; aniqlamoq* kawu
104.bo'g'ib o'ldirmoq* kichkina
105.bu, u, u, u* kinya
106.brolga* kudarrawany
107.ikkitasi* kujarra
108.g'arb* kularr
109.bo'yinli kaltakesak* kulamana
110.uxlash* kulin
111.sariq* kumbarri
112.qon* kunbulu
113.yelkada, elkada olib yurish* kundi
114.miya, o'murtqa iligi* kunykuny
115.sho'r suv toshbaqasi* kurlibil
116.dingo* kurridi
117.osmon* kurrval
118.qon* kururr
119.marvarid* kuwan
120.quloq* -lababa
121.ko'tarilish* lakal
122.eshitish** - lakarra
123.quruq* lalka
124.quloqdan o'tish* -lamarr
125.tomoq, bo'yin* langan
126.bilish, tushunish, tanib olish** - langka
127.possum* langkurr
128.o'g'irlash, o'g'irlash* lanyb
129.yog ', surtma* layda
130.nordon ta'mi* limba
131.nordon ta'mi* linyju
132.timsoh sho'r suv* linykurra
133.og'iz* -lirr
134.yurak, hissiyot* liyan
135.ko'k tilli kaltakesak* lungkura
136.bum** - lurru
137.qo'yish** - ma
138.tushdan keyin* majal
139.yo'l, yo'l* makirr
140.sumka, coolamon* malbulu
141.burun* -mal (ul)
142.soya, aks ettirilgan tasvir* -mandarr
143.bustard, skrub kurka* mangkayarra
144.tomoq* -maniya
145.qo'l, qo'l* -marla
146.och* marr-
147.bum** - marra
148.soya, aks ettirish* -marraj
149.bosh* marru
150.sabzavotli oziq-ovqat*Mumkinmi menga
151.qo'ltiq* -mbarrma
152.oyoq* -mbala
153.turlarning erkaklari* mida
154.tizza, tizza* -midi
155.yolg'on, yolg'on* miila
156.o'tirish* mijala
157.tur, tur, uyg'on** - milka
158.tayoq moslamasi* sut
159.oyoq Bilagi zo'r, qo'shma* mil (y) ku
160.bobosi / nabirasi (kichraytiruvchi)* mimi
161.ko'z* -min
162.faqat* minyjan
163.klub, nulla nulla* nawurla
164.shayton, yomon ruh* ngaarri
165.woomera* ngabaliny
166.gubkali, ichi bo'sh* ngak
167.yig'lamoq** - ngalka
168.ko'krak* ngamarna
169.til, nutq, gapirish* nganka
170.so'roq qiluvchi zarracha* nganyji
171.qoldiring** - ngarl
172.kecha?* ngimbirr
173.qorin* -ngu
174.yolg'iz o'zi, o'zi* ngudirr
175.otish** - ngula
176.soqol (WNN "baliq sezgichlari")* ngul (y) ku
177.kul* ngurlun
178.siydik, siydik* ngurndu
179.kecha* ngurra
180.bo'lish, o'tirish** - ni ~ * -nga
181.qumtepa* niimar (r)
182.uchar tulki* nimanburru
183.haqiqatan ham, haqiqatan ham* ningarra
184.mazali, shirin* niyarra
185.corroboree, Qo'shiq* nulu
186.issiq, ter* nundurr
187.tirik* nunyji
188.olov, (issiq) ko'mirlar* nurru
189.olmoq, ushlamoq, olmoq** - nya
190.nayza, nayza** - ra
191.qaynona (erkak) (WF?, HF)* rambarr
192.qaynona (ayol) (WM, HM)* rangin
193.boshlangan odam uchun pubik qoplama* riiji
194.ko'mir* rirrka
195.yemoq** - rli
196.almashtirish, qaytish, o'z navbatida, barter* rurrb
197.anus* -uru
198.to'satdan, kutilmaganda* waangka
199.qurbaqa turi* walak
200.quyosh* walka
201.kishi* wamba
202.coolamon turi* wandarl
203.shamol* vangal
204.Yosh yigit* wangalangu
205.o'rgimchak, o'rgimchak to'ri, to'r* wangkarra
206.wattle turi* wangkaya
207.qarg'a* wangkidi
208.boshqa* warany
209.bitta* waranyjarri
210.shimoliy* wardiya
211.go'sht* warli
212.latta, mato* wara
213.qovurg'a* wiirri
214.emu* winini
215.suyak* wirnka
216.tatib ko'ring** - wirrik
217.berish** - wu
218.suv* wula
219.hazil, qiziqarli* wungul
220.sudralib yurish* yadab
221.er (H, HB)* yaku
222.oldinda, oldingi, birinchi* yalirr
223.tik turib* yalku
224.janub (WNN "janubiy shamol")* yalmban
225.yalamoq* yaly
226.til* -yangala
227.kim, nima* yangki
228.woomera* ipak
229.yo'q, yo'q* yarri
230.otasi (F, FB)* yibala
231.kasallik* yiika
232.it* yila
233.disharmonik avlod* yinar
234.wattle turi (nayzalar uchun ishlatiladi)* yirrakulu
235.daraxt turi (bumerang )* yirrkili
236.pastga tushing, cho'king, pastga tushing* yuwurr

Proto-Western Nyulnyulan

Proto-Western Nyulnyulan-ning quyidagi rekonstruksiyasi Stokes va Makgregor (2003) dan:[4]

yo'q.yaltiroqProto-Western Nyulnyulan
237.yomon, kasal, muammo* alik
238.yo'q, yo'q* kelish
239.ochiq* baab
240.kamar, belbog '* baali
241.ko'r* bamburr
242.hozir, bugun, qachon* banangkarr
243.kasık* bandakar (r)
244.Maqtov** - (ba) ngar
245.tugatish** - bany
246.tayoq, daraxt* bardangk
247.teri, po'stloq (daraxt)* bardun
248.shoh jigarrang ilon* barnkard
249.taqish** - barrkand
250.kecha* bayirdi
251.chirigan* biini
252.kuchli, qat'iy, qo'rqmas* ikki tomonlama
253.barg* bilibil
254.buta mamlakati* bindan
255.Omadsizlik* bindikal
256.sovuq* binyj
257.uzoq* -birndi
258.ona (M, MZ)* birray
259.to'mtoq* shunga
260.shishiradi** - bungkum
261.kenguru (umumiy)* burruk
262.kelmoq, chiqmoq, kelmoq* darr
263.to'g'ri* darrgal
264.qattiq (yumshoq emas)* diwa
265.arting* duk
266.uchta* irrjuwarr
267.ha* yaxshi
268.qaytish* jakurd
269.qo'rquv** - jarik
270.boring** - jid
271.teginish** - jiding
272.o'lmoq** - ko'tarilish
273.qurollar oqimi* jimbijimb
274.pastga qarab* jimbilad
275.o'rnidan tur, tur* jirrjirr
276.yuvish** - juluk
277.orqaga* -ka
278.aylanib yurish, sayr qilish** - kal
279.yaqinlashing, keling** - kalak
280.yong'in mashqlari* kalib
281.chizish** - qand
282.qusish** - kanyb
283.yam turi* karangkam
284.tanasi* -karda
285.qush* karrambal
286.o'tkir* karrji
287.keyinroq, tez orada* karrm
288.hid, hid* kiir
289.tashqi ko'rinishi, shakli, shakli* -kinbal
290.nam (narsaning)* kubad
291.ota* kubul
292.siqish* kuly
293.xanjar* kumb
294.tomoq* kurrbal
295.patlar* laaban
296.engil (og'ir emas)* labalab
297.tuxum* lakurr
298.O'tir** - landa
299.yaxshi* layib
300.qora* maanka
301.uzoq* maara
302.xotin* malirr
303.ko'p* -mana
304.qoldiring** - mankarda
305.to'lqin (qo'l)** - ko'p
306.opa (Z)* marrir
307.goanna* mayala
308.qidirish, qidirish** - mil
309.mahalliy kalamush* mijaw
310.qo'shiq ayt** - mil
311.charchagan* milamb
312.bo'g'ib qo'yish (biror narsada)** - mingka
313.iliq, issiq (ob-havo)* mula
314.bosh sochlari* mukarn
315.bilimdon* -mungku
316.ildiz* -munkkul
317.asal* mungu
318.to'kib tashlang, to'kib tashlang, oqing** - mur
319.hid** - murrar
320.kichik* murrulu
321.tuproq, iflos qil, iflos bo'l** - ngali
322.himoya qiling, tarafini oling** - ngaliny
323.rad etish, rad etish** - nga (n) ny
324.loy* ngijil
325.bo'yin (tashqi)* -ngkan
326.yumshoq* ngub
327.iflos* ngunyb
328.tizza* ngurrungk
329.peshona* -nkarra
330.son* -nmurr
331.keksa* nyungurl
332.quruq** - ralk
333.isinish** - qo'chqor
334.og'ir* rambin
335.emish* rung
336.bulut* wadan
337.quyruq* -wala
338.orqada yotish* walirr
339.burgut* warrikana
340.shimoliy* wardi
341.yomg'ir* wungur
342.ayol* wurany
343.tirnoq* wurrul
344.tirsak* yalangkun
345.erkakning qaynonasi (WM)* yalirr
346.birgalikda* yambun
347.tergov tayoqchalari* yandal
348.yaqin, yaqin* yangan
349.Torting* yarr
350.sichqoncha* yubur (r) yubur (r)

Proto-Sharqiy Nyulnyulan

Proto-Sharqiy Nyulnyulanning quyidagi rekonstruktsiyasi Stoks va Makgregor (2003) dan:[4]

yo'q.yaltiroqProto-Sharqiy Nyulnyulan
351.daraxt, tayoq* baalu
352.shu erda* bakuna
353.son* balngan (y) -
354.hid** - banyju
355.chanqagan* barra
356.uloqtirish bilan urish** - barri
357.kenguru* barrjanin
358.laqqa baliq* barulu
359.qizil* bilyi
360.buta mamlakati* birra
361.O'chirmoq* birrb
362.kel, kel** - bula
363.oq* dub
364.yurak* durlbu
365.yurish, yurish* inyja
366.loy* jabula ~ * jakula
367.lager* jalbi
368.ayol* jarndu
369.kestirib* jarrbal
370.peshona* jirrbal
371.bu* ka-
372.yemoq* kabu
373.tuxum* kambiy
374.tomosha qiling, qarab turing* kanyjirr
375.oy* kirridiny
376.tanasi* karrikin
377.taqish** - kula
378.qusish* kurrbuk
379.otish* laj
380.go'sht, mushak* -yakka
381.yaxshi* maabu
382.quyruq* makarra
383.chirigan, hid* mandu
384.nayza turi* mangul
385.ko'p* manyja
386.yo'q, yo'q* marlu
387.qo'l* -marrangka
388.qidirish, qidirish** - murungu
389.ko'k tilli kaltakesak* ngalyak
390.ha* ngawayi
391.burun* nguni-
392.opa (Z)* ngunu
393.tushdan keyin* ngurrangurra
394.tutun* ngurun
395.bilimdon* nila
396.burgut-kalxat* walakurru
397.tosh* wanangarri
398.yig'lamoq* wangkurr
399.keyinroq, tez orada* wanyji
400.qazish* widij
401.kamar* windirri
402.katta* wirdu
403.barg* wirrkiny
404.kichik* wuba
405.silamoq* wurr

Adabiyotlar

  1. ^ Xammarstrom, Xarald; Forkel, Robert; Xaspelmat, Martin, nashr. (2017). "Nyulnyulan". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germaniya: Maks Plank nomidagi Insoniyat tarixi fanlari instituti.
  2. ^ Bouern, Kler. 2004 yil. Tarixiy nuqtai nazardan Bardi fe'l morfologiyasi. Garvard universiteti doktori.
  3. ^ Kapell, Artur. 1940 yil. Shimoliy va Shimoliy-G'arbiy Avstraliyada tillar tasnifi. Okeaniya 10(3): 241-272, 404-433. doi:10.1002 / j.1834-4461.1940.tb00292.x
  4. ^ a b v d Stoks, Bronvin va Uilyam Makgregor. 2003. Nyulnyulan tillarining tasnifi va subklassifikatsiyasi. Nikolas Evansda (tahrir), Shimoliy Avstraliyaning pama-nyungan bo'lmagan tillari: qit'aning eng lingvistik jihatdan murakkab mintaqasini qiyosiy tadqiq etish, 29-74. Kanberra: Avstraliya Milliy universiteti Tinch okeani va Osiyo tadqiqotlari maktabi.
  • Bouern, Kler. 2004 yil. Tarixiy nuqtai nazardan Bardi fe'l morfologiyasi Garvard universiteti doktori
  • Bouern, Kler. 2010 yil. Nyulnyulan jumboqidagi ikkita yo'qolgan qism. LSA, Baltimor.
  • Stoks, B; McGregor, W. B. (2003). "Nyulnyulan tillarining tasnifi va subklassifikatsiyasi". N. Evansda (tahrir). Shimoliy Avstraliyaning Pama-Nyungan bo'lmagan tillari: Qit'aning eng lingvistik jihatdan murakkab mintaqasini qiyosiy tadqiq etish.. Kanberra: Tinch okeani tilshunosligi. 29-74 betlar.