Makro-gunvinyuuan tillari - Macro-Gunwinyguan languages

Ibratli-Gunvininyuan
Arnhem
Geografik tarqatish	shimoliy Avstraliya
Lingvistik tasnif	Ibratli-Pama-Nyungan ? Ibratli-Gunvininyuan
Bo'limlar	Maningrida Gunwinyguan Sharqiy Arnhem Marran Alava Mangarrayi Qo'ng'iroqoni Gagudju
Glottolog	gunw1250  (Gunwinyguan)[1] mani1293  (Maningrida)[2] mang1423  (Mangarrayi-Maran)[3] kung1259  (Qo'ng'iroqoni)[4] gaga1251  (Gaagudju)[5]
Arnhem tillari (binafsha rang) va boshqa pama-nyungan bo'lmagan tillar (kulrang). Quyida (yopilish): alohida oilalar.
Qo'ng'iroqoni   Gaagudju   Maningrida   Gunwinyguan   Sharqiy Arnhem   Marran

The Ibratli-Gunvininyuan tillar, shuningdek, deyiladi Arnhem yoki Gunwinyguan, bir oila Avstraliya aborigen tillari sharq bo'ylab gapiriladi Arnhem Land shimoliy Avstraliyada. Ularning o'zaro munosabatlari ularning og'zaki burilishlarida umumiy morfologiya orqali namoyon bo'ldi.

Ko'pgina tillarda a fortis-lenis plosiv undoshlardagi farq. Lenis / short plosives zaif aloqa va intervalgacha ovoz berish xususiyatiga ega, fortis / long plosives esa to'liq yopiladi, kuchliroq ajralib chiqadi va ovoz chiqarib bo'lmaydi.^{[iqtibos kerak ]}

Tillar

Rebekka Grin (2004) 28 ta Proto-Arnhem fe'lining paradigmalarini tikladi.^[6] Yashil tomonidan kiritilgan tillar quyidagicha, ammo Green faqat Manningridani namoyish qilingan filial sifatida qabul qiladi:^[7]

• Maningrida
  • Burarra
  • Guragone
  • Djebbana
  • Nakkara
• ? Sharqiy Arnhem:
  • Nunggubuyu
  • Ngandi
  • Anindilyakva (Enindhilyagva) *
• ? Marran:
  • Marra
  • Warndarang †
  • ?Yugul †
  • ?Alava *
  • ?Mangarayi †
• Qo'ng'iroqoni †
• Gaagudju †
• ? Gunwinyguan (Gunwinyguan to'g'ri)
  • Gunvinggik:
    • Kunwinjku (Gunwinggu, Bininj Gun-vok)
    • Gunbarlang †
  • Javoyn (Djauan)
  • Dalabon (Ngalkbun) †
  • Jala (Rembarngik):
    • Rembarunga
    • Ngalakgan †
  • Warrayic: †
    • Waray†
    • Uwinymil†

Bu Evans (1997) nomi ostida taklif qilgan narsaga yaqin Gunwinyguan (qarang, uning juda boshqacha taklifi Arnhem Land tillari.)

Marra, Warndarrang, Alawa va Mangarrayi a ni tashkil etishi haqida bahs yuritilgan Marran katta vaqt chuqurligi oilasi (Sharpe 2008).^[8][9]

Xit (1990)^[10] namoyish qildi Sharqiy Arnhem Van Egmond (2012) tomonidan Enindhilyagva qo'shilgan Ngandi + Nunggubuyu oilasi (Nunggubuyuga yaqinroq sifatida).^[11][12]

Biroq, Green (2003) faqatgina Maningrida haqiqiy kichik guruh sifatida tashkil etilganligini va boshqa tillarning o'zaro aloqalari hali aniq emasligini ta'kidlaydi. Gunwinyguan va, ehtimol, yuqorida sanab o'tilgan boshqa tugunlarga oid dalillar shunchaki Arnhem tillarining faqat bir qismi o'rganib chiqilganda, o'zaro munosabatlarning aksi bo'lishi mumkin. Ya'ni, ushbu guruhlar alohida tarixiy voqealarga emas, balki Proto-Arnhemning umumiy saqlashlariga asoslanishi mumkin. (Biroq, Yashilni ko'rib chiqishda Evans Maningrida morfologiyasining ko'p qismini Mangarrayi ham baham ko'rganligini ta'kidladi.^[7]) Oilaning agnostik nuqtai nazari har bir tilni alohida ro'yxatlashi mumkin, faqat o'rnatilgan Maningrida filiali bundan mustasno:

Qo'ng'iroqoni, Mangarrayi, Marra, Maningrida, Ngalakgan, Bininj Gun-vok (Gunwinggu), Warndarrang, Uwinymil, Gaagudju, Dalabon, Kunbarlang, Rembarrnga, Nunggubuyu, Javoyn, Warray, Ngandi

* Yashil Anindilyakva, Alawa yoki Yugulga murojaat qilmaydi. Yugul o'z uslublariga asoslanib taqqoslash uchun juda yomon sertifikatlangan; qolgan ikkitasi tasdiqlashni kutmoqda.

Yangmanic, shu jumladan Vardaman, bir vaqtlar Gunwinyguanga kiritilgan edi, ammo so'nggi tasniflardan olib tashlandi.

Tashqi tasnif

Evans (1997) ushbu tillar bilan bog'liqligini taklif qiladi Pama-Nyungan bir oilada u qo'ng'iroq qiladi Ibratli-Pama-Nyungan, ammo bu hali namoyish etilmagan.^[13]

2003 yilda u ular bilan ham bog'liqligini taklif qildi Sharqiy Deyli tillari.^[14]

Lug'at

Capell (1940) Gunwinyguan tillari uchun quyidagi asosiy so'z boyliklarini sanab o'tdi:^[15]

yaltiroq	Gunwinggu	Gunbarlang	Ngaɖi
kishi	biniṉ	giɖimarg	arga
ayol	muli‘muliŋ	baramimbaṉ	gandar
bosh	gungɔidj	gɔidjgɔidj	waːlu
ko'z	gunmin	wumu	milba
burun	gungɛb	wumɛːli	mulju
og'iz	gundaŋ	djaːɖɛɽ	lira
til	gundjɛn	.aːg	djälaṉ
oshqozon	gunjan	mugmaɳɖi	djaːla
suyak	gunmuruŋ	gɛːgɛg	gidji
qon	gungulba	moɭobin	djugan
kenguru	gɔɳɔbɔlɔ	kirmoq	djadji
opossum	djɛːbui	gundarbu	djŋana
emu	gurugayju	maɳɖɛb
qarg'a	waːg	djidaːwun	djäŋilga
pashsha	bɔːd	mog	ŋurin
quyosh	gunduŋ	gaːnag	bɽaŋu
oy	diːd	wurana	jagan
olov	gunɽag	wiɖidj	waɭu
tutun	gundɔlŋ	wungawu	gundjuru
suv	gunin	njunjug	ŋaba

Capell (1942) Gunwinyguan tillari uchun quyidagi qo'shimcha qo'shimcha so'z birikmalar ro'yxatini keltiradi:^[16]

yaltiroq	Janubiy Gunvinggu	Muralidban	Andilyaugva	Nunggubuyu	Vandarang	Ngandi	Rainbarngo	Buan	Gundangbon
kishi	binin	binin	nanamamalja	nawarinjuŋ	nawaɽiji	nijul	biː	javurin	biji
ayol	dalug	ŋalwareːrulg	wudáriŋga	ŋaramaninjuŋ	ŋiwoibi	namanaŋ	diŋ ‘	giɖigiɖ	girigidj
bosh	gungoidj	gungoidan	ariŋga	jinag	wugululu	gulaŋ	djara	gɔidj	gɔidj
ko'z	gunmiːm	gunmiːm	meba	bagaɭa	mamaguɽ	maŋandjula	gaindjulja	mïmï	mumu
burun	gungab	gungab	aminda	jɔmɔːr	wundjíriba	gwijiban	giːja	djɛː	djɛː
og'iz	gundaŋ	gundaŋ	adira	adanamadan	wuŋandal	gudagula	diːjälŋ	daːlaː	dalugaɽa ‘
til	gundjen	gundjen	aljäljigba	laːn	vudjijil	gudalŋ	diːjälŋ	dɛl	djɛn
oshqozon	gunjam	gunmelem	mulgva	ɖuɖan	wuŋandja	mowara	gina	guː	o ‘
suyak	gunmuruŋ	gunmuruŋ	adidira	agaɽa	wuŋaɽaga	guŋaɽaga	balmana	mɔː	mɔː
qon	gungulba	gungulba	meːra	wulaŋ	maulidji	mabaɳgo	gulbana	guraidj	gulba
kenguru	goɳobolo	gundagi	juburada	ŋargọ	mulbiya	mulbiya	bulaidj-bulaidj	guiṉ	guiṉ
opossum	djɛːbui	duri	juguŋba	jirgi	ajirgin	aɖawa	marŋo	dugula	dugula
emu	gurugayju			wajin	ŋiwurugan	dahshatli		ɖuroɖo	ɖuroɖo
qarg'a	waːg	waːg	jiŋwa	wɔːwag	waɽgwaɽg	awa‘wa	va‘va ‘	va‘va ‘	va‘va ‘
pashsha	bɔːd	bɔːd	juwama	amun	awamun	abud	buad	mɔɽ	bɔːd
quyosh	gunduŋ	ŋalbɛnbe	mamaːwura	aɭir	ŋinguŋaru	mawaɭir	muda	valir	bɛbagar
oy	diːɖ	diːɖ	jimaːwura	labama	nadaŋadaŋa	nigurŋa	gurŋa	diɖ	gurŋa
olov	gunag	gunag	aŋuɽa	ɽuɽa	wuambur	gudaŋi	ɽuɽa	mimal	mimal
tutun	gundɔlŋ	gundɔlŋ	awara	wuban	odatiy	guban	dɔːɭŋ	dɔlgnɔ	djunör
suv	gogo	qurolɽɔːṉ	aguŋwa	agogo	wualadja	gujärg	djula	waː	waː

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