Rosalynn Karter - Rosalynn Carter

Rosalynn Karter
Rose Carter, rasmiy rangli fotosurat, 1977-cropped.jpg
Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlarining birinchi xonimi
Rolda
1977 yil 20 yanvar - 1981 yil 20 yanvar
PrezidentJimmi Karter
OldingiBetti Ford
MuvaffaqiyatliNensi Reygan
Jorjiyaning birinchi xonimi
Rolda
1971 yil 12 yanvar - 1975 yil 14 yanvar
HokimJimmi Karter
OldingiXetti Koks
MuvaffaqiyatliMeri Busbi
Shaxsiy ma'lumotlar
Tug'ilgan
Eleanor Rosalynn Smit

(1927-08-18) 1927 yil 18-avgust (93 yosh)
Tekisliklar, Jorjiya, BIZ.
Siyosiy partiyaDemokratik
Turmush o'rtoqlar
​
(m. 1946)​
Bolalar4, shu jumladan Jek va Emi
Imzo

Eleanor Rosalynn Karter (nee Smit; 1927 yil 18-avgustda tug'ilgan) bo'lib xizmat qilgan amerikalik Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlarining birinchi xonimi 1977 yildan 1981 yilgacha Prezidentning rafiqasi sifatida Jimmi Karter. O'nlab yillar davomida u ko'plab sabablarga ko'ra etakchi advokat bo'lib kelgan. Karter uning davrida siyosiy jihatdan faol bo'lgan Oq uy yillari, Vazirlar Mahkamasi majlislarida o'tirish. U erining eng yaqin maslahatchisi edi. Shuningdek, u chet elda, xususan, elchi sifatida xizmat qilgan lotin Amerikasi.

Rose Carter, rasmiy rangli fotosurat, 1977-cropped.jpgUshbu maqola haqida ketma-ket qismidir
Rosalynn Karter
Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlarining birinchi xonimi

Hayotning boshlang'ich davri

Rosalynn Smit 17 yoshda

Eleanor Rosalynn Smit 1927 yil 18-avgustda tug'ilgan Tekisliklar, Jorjiya. U Wilburn Edgar Smitning to'rt farzandining to'ng'ichi edi avtoulov ustasi, Avtobus haydovchisi va dehqon, va Frensis Alleteya "Alli" Murray Smit, a o'qituvchi, tikuvchilik va pochta ishchisi. Uning akalari Uilyam Jerrold "Jerri" Smit (1929-2003), muhandis va Murray Li Smit (1932-2003), o'qituvchi va vazir. Uning singlisi Lillian Alleteya (Smit) Uoll (1936 yilda tug'ilgan) Lillian Gori Karter (Smit va Karter oilalari do'st bo'lishdi[1]), ko'chmas mulk vositachisi. Rosalynn onasi onasi Roza Uayz Myurrey nomi bilan atalgan.[2]

Smitning buyuk amakisi V.S. Dono ulardan biri edi Amerikalik braziliyaliklar sifatida tanilgan Konfederadalar Qo'shma Shtatlardan hijrat qilganlar Braziliya keyin Fuqarolar urushi.[3]

Smitning oilasi qashshoqlikda yashagan, garchi keyinchalik u o'zini va birodarlarini bilmagan deb da'vo qilgan bo'lsa-da, chunki ularning oilasida "pul yo'q" bo'lsa ham, boshqa hech kim ham yo'q edi, shuning uchun biz bilganimizcha, bizning ahvolimiz yaxshi edi.[4] Cherkovlar va maktablar uning oilasi jamoatchiligining markazida bo'lgan va tekislik aholisi bir-birlarini yaxshi bilishgan.[5] Smit bolaligida bolalar bilan o'ynagan, chunki uning ko'chasida biron bir qiz uning yoshiga to'g'ri kelmagan. U binolarni chizgan va samolyotlarga qiziqqan, bu uni qachondir me'mor bo'lishiga ishonishiga olib kelgan.[6]

Rosalynnning otasi vafot etdi leykemiya u 13 yoshida. U otasining yo'qolishini bolaligidagi xulosa deb atadi.[7] Keyinchalik, u onasiga ukalarini tarbiyalashga yordam berdi, shuningdek oilaning moliyaviy majburiyatlarini bajarish uchun kiyim tikish biznesida yordam berdi.[8] Rozalin onasini o'zining mustaqilligini ilhomlantirganligi bilan qadrlar edi va u onasidan "nima qilish kerak bo'lsa, uni qila olishingni" o'rganganini aytdi.[9] Plains High School-da Rozalin otasining kollejga borishini ko'rish orzusiga erishish uchun ko'p mehnat qildi.[8] Rosalynn tugatgan salutator tekislik o'rta maktabi. Ko'p o'tmay, u ishtirok etdi Jorjiya janubi-g'arbiy kolleji, lekin keyinroq o'qishni tashladi.[10] Uning tekislikdan tashqariga chiqishga intilishi bor edi, ammo u pul etishmasligi, shuningdek, onasi va aka-ukalari oldidagi majburiyatlari tufayli kollejni tark etishga majbur bo'ldi.[11]

Siyosat

Jorjiyaning birinchi xonimi

Eriga gubernatorlikni yutishda yordam berganidan keyin Gruziya yilda 1970, Rosalynn e'tiborini ushbu sohaga qaratishga qaror qildi ruhiy salomatlik u o'sha shtatning birinchi xonimi bo'lganida. Bu uning asosiy diqqat markazida edi.[12] U Gubernatorning aqliy va hissiy nogironlarga xizmat ko'rsatishni yaxshilash bo'yicha komissiyasiga tayinlangan. Komissiyaning ko'plab tavsiyalari ma'qullandi va qonuniy bo'ldi. 1971 yil avgust oyida Karter Jorjiya bo'ylab ruhiy salomatlik muassasalari bo'ylab shtat bo'ylab ekskursiya o'tkazdi.[13] U ruhiy nogiron bolalar uchun qilgan sa'y-harakatlarini Gruziyaning birinchi xonimi sifatida g'ururli yutug'i sifatida tasvirlab berdi.[14]

Karter, shuningdek, Jorjiya mintaqaviy kasalxonasida ko'ngilli bo'lib xizmat qilgan Atlanta, Jorjia va to'rt yil davomida Gruziyaning faxriy raisi bo'lgan Maxsus Olimpiada.[15]

Jorjiya qonunchilarining xotinlari orasida u namuna deb hisoblangan va uning xususiyatlari va tashqi qiyofasi uchun hurmatga sazovor bo'lgan. Uning faoliyatiga haftada 75 kishiga ko'ngil ochish kiradi Hokimlar uyi.[16] Gubernator Karter bir marta uni qo'llab-quvvatlaganini da'vo qildi Teng huquqlarga o'zgartirish uning rafiqasi bu choraga qarshi bo'lgan bo'lsa, birinchi ayol unga feministik ikki ittifoqdosh bilan yangiliklarni eshitganida duch keldi.[17]

1976 yil prezidentlik kampaniyasi

1975 yil yanvar oyida erining gubernatorlik muddati tugagach, Rosalynn, Jimmy va Amy Carter Plains-ga qaytib kelishdi. Jimmi AQSh prezidentligiga nomzodini qo'yishni rejalashtirayotganini allaqachon e'lon qilgan edi. Rozalin saylov kampaniyasiga qaytdi, bu safar eri uchun qo'llab-quvvatlash uchun milliy qidiruvda. U 41 shtatda uning nomidan yakka o'zi saylov kampaniyasini o'tkazdi. O'sha paytda erining xiralashganligi sababli, u ko'pincha "Jimmi kim?" Degan savolga javob berishga to'g'ri keldi.[12] U qo'shimcha kunduzgi tibbiyot muassasalarini tashkil etishni va "Ijtimoiy ta'minot va qariyalarga yordam beradigan boshqa ko'plab narsalarni" tuzatishni targ'ib qildi.[18]

U butun mamlakat bo'ylab saylovoldi tashviqotini olib borgan oylarda u direktorlar kengashiga saylandi Milliy ruhiy salomatlik assotsiatsiyasi, tomonidan sharaflangan Ayollar uchun milliy tashkilot ni qo'llab-quvvatlaganligi uchun xizmatlari mukofoti bilan Teng huquqlarga o'zgartirish, va Janubi-g'arbiy ko'ngillilarga xizmat ko'rsatish uyushmasining "Yilning ko'ngillisi" mukofotini oldi. Bundan tashqari, 1975 yilda u ketma-ket qotil bilan qo'l berib suratga tushgan Jon Ueyn Geysi, uning mahalliy Demokratik partiyasida faol bo'lgan.[19]

Rozalin balkonda o'tirdi Madison Square Garden nomzodning kechasi do'stlari va oilasi bilan, eri onasi va qizi bilan bo'lganida. Ogayo shtati delegatsiyasi uning eri uchun ovoz berilishini e'lon qilguniga qadar u "oshqozonida kapalaklar" bor edi. Rozalin o'sha paytda u bilan birga bo'lishini xohlar edi.[20] Karters barcha potentsial ishlaydigan sheriklar bilan uchrashdilar va bir zumda ularga yaqinlashdilar Valter Mondale u va uning rafiqasi bilan uchrashgandan keyin Joan.[21] Saylovdan so'ng Karters Oq uyga yo'l oldi va prezident Ford va birinchi xonim bilan uchrashdi Betti Ford,[22] ikkinchisi Rosalynn uchun namuna bo'lmoqda.[23]

Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlarining birinchi xonimi

Asosiy tashabbuslar

Birinchi oila: Rosalynn, Jimmy va Emi ustida Janubiy maysazor ning oq uy, 1977 yil 24-iyul

1977 yil yanvar oyida eri prezidentlikka kirishganida, Rozalin va Jimmi Karter qo'lma-qo'l yurib pastga tushishdi Pensilvaniya avenyu prezidentning inauguratsiya paradida. U ochilish koptoklariga kiygan kiyimi, olti yil oldin ushbu marosimda kiygan kiyinish edi. Atlanta Jimmi gubernator bo'lganida to'plar.[24]

Rozalin Karter 1977 yil 20 aprelda Prezidentning ruhiy salomatlik bo'yicha komissiyasi uchun Chikagoda (Illinoys) yig'ilish o'tkazmoqda.

Rozalin AQShning an'anaviy birinchi xonimi bo'lish niyati yo'qligini e'lon qildi.[25] Erining ma'muriyati davrida Rozalin erining davlat siyosatini hamda ijtimoiy va shaxsiy hayotini qo'llab-quvvatlagan. To'liq xabardor bo'lib turish uchun u Prezident taklifiga binoan Vazirlar Mahkamasining majlislarida qatnashdi. U ishtirok etgan birinchi yig'ilish 1977 yil 28 fevralda bo'lib o'tdi, u erda u o'z tarkibiga kirmagan boshqa mansabdor shaxslar orasida bo'lgani uchun o'zini qulay his qildi. Unga tashrif buyurish g'oyasi erining yangiliklar bilan bog'liq savollarini berishni boshlaganidan keyin paydo bo'ldi.[26]

U yozuvlar yozdi, lekin hech qachon gapirmadi. U aytganidek: "Menga xabar berish kerak edi, men juda ko'p ish qilgan mamlakat bo'ylab sayohat qilganimda va matbuot va boshqa shaxslar tomonidan hukumatning barcha sohalari to'g'risida so'roq qilinganimda, men nima bo'layotganini bilardim. yoqilgan. "[26] Madaniy almashinuv dasturi qachon International Friendship Force 1977 yil 1 martda Oq Uyda ishga tushirildi va 2002 yilda ishlagan faxriy rais bo'ldi. U qo'shildi Lady Bird Jonson va Betti Ford uchun muvaffaqiyatsiz kampaniyani qo'llab-quvvatlashda Teng huquqlarga o'zgartirish (ERA) Xyuston konferentsiyasida Xalqaro xotin-qizlar yili 1977 yilda.[27][28]

1977 yil Rojdestvo uchun u Oq uyning archa daraxtlarini qarag'ay konuslari, yerfıstığı va tuxum qobig'idan bezaklar bilan bezatdi.[29] 1978 yil 27-iyulda Karter "Birinchi xonimning ish bilan ta'minlash seminarini" olib bordi. 200-300 delegatlar kelib, boshqa jamoalarning ishsizlikka qanday munosabatda bo'lishlarini bilish uchun ma'lumot almashishdi.[27] Rosalynn 1979 va 1980 yillarni abadiy inqiroz yillari, "Katta va kichik, potentsial ofatlar va shunchaki bezovtaliklar" bo'lgan yillarni esladi.[30]

1978 yil davomida Karter DC kasalxonasini tashqi ko'rinishini tanqid qilganidan so'ng uni isloh qilish bilan shug'ullandi.[31] o'zgaruvchan sharoitlarni ko'rib chiqish uchun kasalxonaga sayohat qilish, chunki uni qayta ishlashda ko'proq ish olib borildi.[32]

Ueylon Jennings, Jessi Kolter va birinchi xonim Rosalynn Carter 1980 yil 23 aprelda Carter-Mondale kampaniyasidan foyda ko'rish uchun kontsert oldidagi ziyofatda.

Ko'ngil ochish uchun vaqt topganiga qaramay, Carters hech qachon o'zlaridan avvalgi avlodlari bilan tenglasha olmagan va Rozalin bu ishni birinchi xonim sifatida ishining asosiy qismi deb bilmagan.[33]AQShning Braziliyadagi diplomati birinchi xonim rolini tanqid qilib, ayollarni "uyda saqlash kerak", deb ta'kidlagan. Madaniy omil ham ko'pchilikning uning safariga qarshi chiqishiga sabab bo'lgan.[34] Tanqidchilar uni juda dasturlashtirilgan va intizomli deb atashgan, boshqalari unga Ledi Bird Jonson va Betti Fordning hayratlanarli fazilatlari yo'qligini aytgan.[35] Shunga qaramay, Rozalin uning talabchan birinchi xonim rolidan mamnun edi va prezidentlarning xotinlari "rasmiy styuardessa" bilan cheklanib qolgan va boshqa kamsituvchi rollarni esladi.[36] Oq uyning ko'rinishini rivojlantirishga intilib, u Amerika rasmlarini to'pladi.[37]

Karter ma'muriyati mashhurligini yo'qotishni boshlagandan so'ng, Rosalynn maslahat berdi Jerald Rafshoon sifatida olib keling Oq uyning aloqa bo'yicha direktori va "norasmiy, yozuvdan tashqari, muammolar yuzasidan chuqur muhokamalar" paytida Oq uyda ommaviy axborot vositalarining muhim namoyandalari bor.[38] Rafshoon tanlandi[39] va lavozimga tasdiqlangan.[40]

Ruhiy salomatlik aksiyasi

1977 yil mart oyida Karter birinchi xonim bo'lganidan beri birinchi intervyusini berdi. U ruhiy salomatlikka e'tiborni qaratishda o'z maqsadlarini aytib o'tdi: "Ruhiy sog'liqni saqlashga muhtoj har bir inson uni uyiga yaqin joyda qabul qilishi va ruhiy salomatlik nuqtai nazarini olib tashlashi uchun odamlar bu haqda gapirishlari va izlashlari mumkin. Sizning ruhiy muammolaringiz borligini tan olish uzoq vaqtdan beri taqiqlangan. "[41]

Rosalynn Carter faol faxriy kafedra vazifasini bajargan Prezidentning ruhiy salomatlik bo'yicha komissiyasi. Nomidan Ruhiy salomatlik tizimi to'g'risidagi qonun loyihasi, 1980 yilda qabul qilingan, u Senatning qo'mitasi oldida guvohlik bergan, ikkinchisi Birinchi xonim oldida paydo bo'lish Kongress (birinchi mavjudot Eleanor Ruzvelt ). Uning ustuvor yo'nalishlari orasida ruhiy salomatlik eng yuqori darajaga ko'tarilgan. Ruhiy kasallarga davlat tomonidan beriladigan yordamning mohiyatini o'zgartirish ustida ish olib borgan Karter, aqldan ozgan deb qo'rqishdan qo'rqib, odamlarga o'zlarining nogironliklarini qabul qilishlariga imkon berishni xohladi.[34]

Ta'sir

U birinchi xonimning ofisida ikki yil bo'lganidan keyin, Vaqt jurnal uni "Qo'shma Shtatlardagi ikkinchi qudratli shaxs" deb atadi. Ko'p marta Karter eri tomonidan teng huquqli sherik sifatida keltirilgan; u hatto uni "o'zimning mukammal kengaytmasim" deb atagan.[42] 1977 yilgi intervyusida, Karter eri bilan uning siyosati uchun janjallashganini tan oldi, lekin uning qaroriga ko'ra u qanday ish tutdi va uning asosiy qarorlariga ta'sir qilishini rad etdi.[43] Keyingi yil bergan intervyusida, Karter erining siyosati bilan "u mening barcha samaradorligimni yo'qotaman" degan ishonch bilan rozi bo'lmaganligini, shuningdek, imo-ishora uning nuqtai nazarini o'zgartirishga yordam bermaydi degan fikrni bildirdi. uning o'zi.[44] U birinchi xonim rasmiylarni yoki jamoatchilikni biror masalani muhokama qilish yoki unga e'tibor berish orqali ta'sir qilishi mumkinligini ta'kidladi.[45]

Biograf MeriAnne Borrelli yozishicha, Karter o'zini an'anaviy xotin sifatida ko'rsatishga urinish va erining boshqaruvidagi ta'sir etuvchi omilni "kimdir eriga qaram, boshqalari javobgarlikka ega emas, boshqalari esa juda kam ish deb biladi - yoki juda ko'p. "[46] Oq uyni tark etganidan bir necha yil o'tgach, Karter eriga juda katta ta'sir o'tkazganligi va ularning teng huquqli sherikliklarini talab qilganligi haqidagi da'volari bilan bezovta bo'lib turardi.[47] Keyinchalik Jimmi Karter ikkalasi turli masalalarda munozaralar olib borganini va u ma'muriyat ichidagi "bir nechta o'ta maxfiy va nozik xavfsizlik masalalari" dan tashqari hamma narsani bilishini yozgan.[48]

Sayohatlar

Rosalynn Karter, Jimmi Karter va vitse-prezident Uolter Mondeyl Karter xonimni Lotin Amerikasi safaridan 1977 yil 12-iyun kuni kutib olish marosimida.

Rosalynn prezident Karterni mahalliy va xorijiy davlatlar rahbarlari bilan uchrashuvlarda, ayniqsa, elchi sifatida vakili bo'lgan lotin Amerikasi 1977 yilda.[49] U biron bir davlat rahbarlari bilan uchrashuvlar o'tkazmaslik uchun ataylab rejalashtirgan.[50] Prezident Karterning aytishicha, dastlab uning rafiqasi Amerika vakili sifatida ikkilanib kutilgan bo'lsa-da, "o'sha uchrashuvlar yakunida, endi ular odamlarning sezgirliklarini tushunib etishimga ishonch hosil qilish uchun unga asosan ishonishadi".[44] Lotin Amerikasidagi uchrashuvlardan so'ng Devid Vidal "Karter xonim shaxsiy va diplomatik muvaffaqiyatga erishdi, bu uning tashqi siyosat bo'yicha davlat o'qituvchilari va uning mezbonlari kutganidan ancha yuqori".[51] 1977 yil 7-iyun kuni bo'lib o'tgan matbuot anjumanida Karter Braziliya rahbarlari bilan uchrashuvlarida inson huquqlari va Braziliyani xalqaro tadqiqotlar orqali yadro qurolini kamaytirishga intilayotgan boshqa mamlakatlar qatoriga qo'shilishini istashni o'z ichiga olganligini aytdi.[52] 1977 yil 30 dekabrda Karter va milliy xavfsizlik bo'yicha maslahatchi Zbignev Bjezinskiy bilan uchrashdi Stefan Vishinski Kardinalning Varshavadagi qarorgohida. Prezident Karterning ta'kidlashicha, uchrashuv Amerikaning "mamlakatda ibodat qilish erkinligi darajasi uchun minnatdorchilik" ni namoyish etish uchun mo'ljallangan.[53]

Karter Amerika delegatsiyasini 1978 yil may oyida bo'lib o'tgan inauguratsiya marosimida boshqargan Rodrigo Carazo Odio kabi Kosta-Rika Prezidenti.[54]1978 yil avgustda Rosalynn dafn marosimida Amerika delegatsiyasini boshqargan Papa Pol VI yilda Rim.[55]

Rosalynn ham delegatsiyani boshqargan Tailand muammolarini hal qilish uchun 1979 yilda Kambodja va Laos qochqinlar.[56] U Vyetnam qo'shinlari va Pol Pot hukumati o'rtasidagi kurashdan qochish uchun Kambodja qochqinlari qochib ketgan lagerlarni ko'rib chiqdi.[57] Qochqinlarga, xususan bolalarga yordam berish uning uchun alohida sabab bo'ldi. U Qo'shma Shtatlarga qaytib keldi va tashrifi paytida ko'rgan azob-uqubatlaridan ta'sirlanganidan keyin yordam so'rab murojaat qilishni tezlashtirishda muhim rol o'ynadi.[58] Ammo u qaytib kelganida, eri Eronda garovga olinganlarning oilalari bilan uchrashdi. Ularni tashqariga chiqarish uchun nima qilish kerakligi haqida ko'proq tashvishlanardilar, chunki ular hech qachon chiqmaydimi yoki yo'qmi degan xavotirda edilar.[59] Karter qochqinlarning ahvolini tinchlantirishga yordam berish uchun o'z kuchlarini safarbar etish uchun AQShga imkon qadar tezroq qaytmoqchi ekanligini aytdi.[60]

Oq uydagi hayot

U o'zining ofisini saqlab qolgan birinchi xonim edi Sharqiy qanot.[61] U shuningdek, oilasini nazorat qildi oq uy. Uning qizi Emi ko'pchilikning e'tiborini tortdi. Ikki kenja o'g'il Chip va Jef va ularning oilalari ham Oq uyda yashagan. Oilaning boshqa a'zolari, jumladan o'g'li Jek va uning rafiqasi va bolalari tez-tez tashrif buyurishardi. Rosalynn Carterning maxfiy xizmatining kod nomi "Dancer" edi.[62] 1977 yilda Karterning ta'kidlashicha, uning oilasi ularning jamoatchilikni qabul qilishiga bo'lgan munosabatida ikkiga bo'lingan va o'g'illari u erda yashashni qanday qabul qilishlari mumkinligidan xavotirda ekan, u shaxsan bu haqda hech narsa o'ylamagan, chunki jamoat ularning yashash joylarini moliyalashtirmayapti va u buni ma'qullagan. oila birgalikda.[63]

1979 yil 16 avgustda Karter bayonot chiqarib, Edit J. Dobelle "Sharq qanotining yangi tashkil etilgan shtab direktori lavozimini" qabul qilganligini e'lon qildi.[64]

Oq uydan chiqib ketgandan so'ng, Karter Vashingtonni aks ettirdi: "Men bu shaharni yaxshi ko'raman. Men bu erda yashashni va hokimiyat tepasiga juda yaqin bo'lishni, siyosiy tizimning bir qismi bo'lishni yaxshi ko'rardim. Televizionni tomosha qilganingizda, aloqador odamlarni bilasiz, siz masalalarning har ikki tomoni bilan tanish edi. "[65]

Teng huquqlarga o'zgartirish

1976 yilgi kampaniya davomida Karter feministlarga o'z eri bilan teng sherikligi haqida gapirdi.[66] 1977 yil yanvar oyida, eri inauguratsiyasidan oldin, Karter senator bilan gaplashishda uning o'rnini egalladi Birch Bayh telefon orqali, chunki u saylangan prezident Karterning Teng huquqlar to'g'risidagi tuzatishni ratifikatsiya qilinishini qo'llab-quvvatlash uchun lobbi qilishni xohladi. Indiana. U Ueyn Taunsendni ovozini va ovozini o'zgartirishga ishontirdi Teng huquqlarga o'zgartirish Indiana Senatining 26 dan 24 gacha bo'lgan ovozida tasdiqlandi.[67]

Dinning dotsenti Yelizaveta Gullar Karterning Teng huquqlar to'g'risidagi qo'shimchani qo'llab-quvvatlashdagi roli haqida so'zlab, "[Rosalynn Karter] feminizmning ba'zi radikal unsurlarini, o'zi ko'rib turganidek, jilovlamoqchi va o'zini karikaturalar deb bilgan narsalarga qarshi chiqmoqchi edi. U ERA uchun kurash haqiqatan ham asosiy Amerikani jalb qilganiga amin bo'lishni xohladi. "[68]

Ommaviy imidj

1976 yilgi saylovlar davrida jurnalistlar Karterni "tirnoq kabi qattiq" ichki makonini yashirgan nozik va nazokatli ko'rinishga ega bo'lganligi uchun "po'lat magnoliya" deb nomlashdi.[69] Karter modaga etarlicha e'tibor berilmasligi bilan tanilgan edi va uning eri gubernator sifatida qasamyod qilishidan keyin prezident inauguratsiyasiga qadar xalatni qayta ishlatishni tanlaganligi uning bu qarashlarini kuchaytirdi.[70] Karterning milliy siyosatga bo'lgan jamoatchilik qiziqishi Kendi Stroudni Nyu-York Tayms u shundan beri u eng faol birinchi xonimga aylanishi mumkin deb taxmin qilish Eleanor Ruzvelt.[71] Prezident Karterning pasayib borayotgan ma'qullash reytingi o'rtasida Rosalynn jamoatchilik oldida yuqori ijobiy qarashlarni saqlab qoldi va ular bilan bog'lanib qoldi Ona Tereza dunyodagi eng hayratga soladigan ayol uchun.[72]1979 yil aprel oyida Karter 1979 yilda Nyu-Yorkdagi Ayollar bilan aloqa kompaniyasining Matritsa mukofotlari tushlik marosimida mehmon sifatida ma'ruzachi sifatida nutq paytida, birinchi ayolning muhokama qiladigan mavzularida jinsiy bo'lmaganligi sababli, u ilgari surayotgan masalalar qarshiliklarga duch kelayotganini aytdi. .[73]

1980 yilgi prezidentlik kampaniyasi

Prezident Karter tomonidan e'tiroz bildirildi Ted Kennedi Demokratik prezidentlik saylovida qayta saylangani uchun.[74] Keyinchalik Karter davom etayotgan deb yozadi Eron garovidagi inqiroz uning ma'muriyatida boshqalar qatori Rosalynn-ga saylovoldi tashviqotida o'z siyosatini himoya qilish uchun tayanishni tanlashiga ta'sir ko'rsatdi.[75] Vitse-prezident Mondeyl o'zini va Rozalinni saylovlar davrining bahorgi qismida prezident Karterning ishonchli vakili deb bilishi kerak edi.[76] Rosalyn, Karterning qayta saylov kampaniyasining Ayova shtatidagi g'alabasi, prezident Karter Kennedini 59,16% dan 31,23% gacha mag'lubiyatga uchraganini ko'rganligi sababli, Kennedining hujumlarini bezovta qilmasligini osonlashtirdi.[77] Prezident Karter ushbu nomzodni taqdim eta olgan bo'lsa-da,[78] Rosalynn Kennedi o'zining saylovoldi kampaniyasi orqali Demokratik partiyaga zarar etkazganiga va umumiy saylovlarda etarli darajada yordam berilmaganiga ishongan bo'lar edi: "U kambag'al yutqazgan edi. U g'alaba qozona olmasligini ko'rgach, Demokratik partiyaga yordam berishga harakat qiladi deb o'ylardim. chunki uni saqlash juda muhim deb o'ylardim Ronald Reygan Oq uydan chiqib, u yordam berishi kerak deb o'yladim. Buning o'rniga u Demokratik partiyani parcha-parcha qildi ”.[79]

Eri prezidentligining so'nggi bir necha oylarida Rosalynn va uning eri Reyganni mag'lubiyatga uchratishga qodir ekanligiga amin edi. umumiy saylov. Tug'ilgan kunida u Reyganga g'alaba qozonganligini ko'rsatadigan so'rovnomalarni ko'rdi, uning oldingi peshqadamligi 25 foizni 7 ga kamaytirdi.[80] 4-noyabrdagi saylovlarda Karter Reyganga katta ovoz bilan yutqazdi.[81] Keyinchalik Rozalin nasroniy konservatorlar, Erondagi garov inqirozi, inflyatsiya va Karterning mag'lub bo'lishiga hissa qo'shgan holda hozirgi ma'muriyatga qarshi norozilik ovozi berish istagi haqida gapirdi.[82] Erining yo'qolishi uning faoliyati davomida o'zi xohlagan narsalarning ko'pini bajarishga intilgan "Ruhiy salomatlik tizimi to'g'risida" gi qonun qabul qilinganidan ko'p o'tmay sodir bo'ldi. Biroq, Ronald Reygan saylanganidan so'ng, u "qonunlarimizni moliyalashtirish yangi Prezidentning falsafasi bilan o'ldirilgan. Bu juda katta yo'qotish edi" degan fikrni aks ettirdi.[83]

Saylovdan keyingi bir necha kun ichida Rozalin depressiyani boshdan kechirdi, bu esa erini yaqinlashib kelayotgan prezidentlik davrining afzalliklarini aytib berishga undadi. U qayta saylov kampaniyasi tarafdorlariga telefon qilib, ularning ishtiroki uchun minnatdorchilik bildirdi.[84] Rosalynn Reyganning rafiqasi bilan uchrashdi, Nensi, o'tish davrida va unga Oq Uy bo'ylab ekskursiya qildi.[85] Rozalin va Nensi Teng huquqlar to'g'risidagi tuzatishni birgalikda qo'llab-quvvatlashlari natijasida do'stlikni rivojlantirdilar.[86] Shuningdek, u Reygan inauguratsiya kuni eronlik garovdagilar ozod qilinganidan mamnun edi.[87]

Shaxsiy hayot

Nikoh va oila

Rosalynn Jimmi Karter bilan 1945 yilda birinchi marta uchrashganida, ularning oilalari allaqachon tanish edi Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari dengiz akademiyasi da Annapolis. Uning Annapolis formasidagi rasmini ko'rgach, unga nisbatan g'amginlik paydo bo'ldi.[1]Ikkalasi Rut Karterning sevgilisi mashinasining orqa o'rindig'ida o'tirgan edi, Jimmi Rozalinni o'pib hayratga soldi. Bu Rozalin birinchi uchrashuvda o'g'il bolaga buni amalga oshirishga birinchi marta ruxsat bergan edi.[88] Rozalin 1946 yil fevral oyida ota-onasi bilan Annapolisga borganida Jimmi bilan turmush qurishga rozi bo'ldi. Ikkovlari nikohlarini iyul oyida o'tkazishni rejalashtirdilar va kelishuvni sir tutdilar. Rozalin onasiga o'qishni davom ettirish o'rniga turmushga chiqishni tanlaganini aytib, xafa bo'ldi.[89] 1946 yil 7-iyulda ular Plainsda turmush qurishdi. Nikoh Rosalynnning ishtirok etish rejalarini bekor qildi Jorjiya shtatidagi ayollar uchun kollej, u erda u ichki dizaynni o'rganishni rejalashtirgan.[25]

Er-xotinning to'rt farzandi bor edi: Jon Uilyam "Jek" (1947 yilda tug'ilgan), Jeyms Erl "Chip" III (1950 yilda tug'ilgan), Donnel Jeffri "Jeff" (1952 yilda tug'ilgan) va Emi Lin (1967 yilda tug'ilgan). Jimmining harbiy vazifalari tufayli dastlabki uchtasi mamlakatning turli hududlarida va Gruziyadan uzoqda tug'ilgan. Ushbu vazifalar davomida Rozalin bolalarni o'zi tarbiyalashdan olgan mustaqilligini kuzatib bordi va undan zavqlandi. Biroq, ularning munosabatlari birinchi katta inqirozga duch keldi, chunki u 1953 yilda otasining o'lishini bilganidan keyin Jimmining tekisliklarga qaytishni iste'foga chiqishiga qarshi chiqdi.[25] Jimmi o'zining qarori tufayli "iloji boricha men bilan gaplashishdan qochganini" va u bilan o'z farzandlari orqali muomalada bo'lishini aks ettirdi.[90] Ular muxlislari edilar Nyu-York Yanki gacha Jasur Atlantaga ko'chib o'tdi.[91] Ular hech qachon bir-birlari bilan janjallashib yotishmaganligini aytishdi.[92]

1953 yilda, eri dengiz flotini tark etganidan so'ng, Rozalin oilaviy yerfıstığı fermasi va ombor biznesini yuritishda yordam berib, buxgalteriya majburiyatlarini bajardi. Taxminan shu vaqt ichida va yana bir bolani orzu qilgan Carters, Rosaylnnning boshqa farzand ko'rishiga to'sqinlik qiladigan jismoniy kasalliklarga duch kelganligini aniqladi, bu faqat o'n ikki yil o'tgach, bachadonidan katta o'smani olib tashlash bo'yicha operatsiya qilinganida, uning tug'ruqxonasini tasdiqlovchi akusher. er-xotin boshqa farzand ko'rishi va qizi Emi bundan keyin tug'ilishi mumkin edi.[93] 1962 yildan eri Jimmi saylangan yili Jorjiya shtati senati, u siyosiy maydonda faol ishtirok etdi.

Rozalin Jimmi oilasining har bir a'zosi bilan har xil munosabatda bo'lgan. Uning singlisi bilan do'st bo'lish Rut Karter Stapleton, o'zidan ikki yosh kichik bo'lgan, u eskirgan ko'ylaklarini berdi.[94] Biroq, u va Jimmining onasi, Lillian Gori Karter, birgalikda yashashda qiynaldi.[95]

Keyingi yillarda er-xotin uch g'ildirakli elektr skuterlarda kuniga ikki yarim mil yurishdi va ular o'qishdi Injil ular har kuni yotishdan oldin nafaqaga chiqmasdan oldin bir-birlariga ispan tilida ovoz chiqarib.[96]

1963 yil 22-noyabrda Rozalin go'zallik salonida bo'lganida, eri unga murojaat qilgan va bu haqda xabar bergan Jon F. Kennedining o'ldirilishi. Keyinchalik u yozishicha, juftlik ikkalasi ham bu tadbirdan xafa bo'lishgan bo'lsa-da, o'qituvchi va ularning o'g'li Chipning sinfdoshlari baxtdan xursand bo'lishgan.[97] Karter Kennedi vorisini qo'llab-quvvatladi Lyndon B. Jonson 1964 yilgi Prezident saylovlarida u o'zini va oilasini boshqa gruzinlar bilan ziddiyatga keltirganini va boshqalarning qarshi bo'lgan umumiy qadriyatlarga nisbatan bir-birlari bilan yaqin bo'lishiga sabab bo'lganini aytdi.[98]

U taklifni topshirishdan oldin Jimmi Rozalin bilan yaxshilab maslahatlashdi Gruziya gubernatori 1966 yilda. U shtat bo'ylab bir nechta shaharlarga reklama materiallari bilan sayohat qildi, radiostantsiyalar va gazeta idoralari kabi ko'plab muassasalarda bo'ldi va fuqarolik tashkilotlari yig'ilishlarida qatnashdi.[99] Bir uchrashuvda u erini bir erkakka ma'qullashga urindi Vashington, Jorjiya, ikkinchisi respublikachilar nomzodini qo'llab-quvvatlashini e'lon qildi Bo Callaway unga tupurishdan oldin. Keyinchalik Rozalin bu uchrashuvni "hayotimdagi eng yomon siyosiy tajriba" deb ta'riflagan. Musobaqani sarhisob qilib, Karter shunday deb yozgan edi: "Bu qisqa va shoshilinch kampaniya edi, ammo barchamiz keyinchalik o'zimizga foydali bo'lgan ko'p narsalarni bilib oldik".[100] 1966 yil gubernatorlik kampaniyasi Carters o'rtasida yangi o'zaro aloqani boshladi, Rosalynn erining masalalar bo'yicha pozitsiyasini bilishini va xabardor bo'lishini aniqladi.[98]

Saylovdan bir oy o'tgach, Jimmi Karter 1970 yilgi Jorjiya gubernatorlik saylovlari uchun tashviqot boshladi.[100] Ushbu kampaniyada Rosalynn avvalgi kampaniyalarda bo'lmagan nutqlarini qildi. Karters sayohatlarining aksariyati uchun ajratilgan va u o'zining siyosiy ishtirokida birinchi marta ma'ruzalar yozishni boshladi.[101] Rosalinda qizining ruhiy kasalligi borligiga ishongan Karter kampaniyasi ishchisi bilan uchrashganda, charchagan ayolni ko'rish Karterni hayratda qoldirdi va uning oxir-oqibat ruhiy salomatlikka e'tiborini qaratdi.[102] Keyinchalik Jimmi, er-xotinning Jorjiya yillari "bizning davlatimizdagi aqliy va hissiy nuqsonlardan aziyat chekkan odamlarning qondirilmagan ehtiyojlarini juda yaxshi bilgan" paytlari bo'lganligini oshkor qiladi.[103]

Meri shahzoda (an Afroamerikalik ayol qotillikda ayblanib sudlangan va keyinchalik afv etilgan) 1971 yildan Jimmi Karterning prezidentligi tugaguniga qadar bo'lgan davrda Emi uchun enaga bo'lgan,[104] qisman Rosalynnning shahzodaning aybsizligiga ishonchi tufayli.[105][106]

Sog'liqni saqlash

1977 yil aprel oyida Karter ko'krak bezi o'simtasini olib tashlash bo'yicha operatsiyani boshdan kechirdi.[107][108]

1977 yil avgust oyida Karter ginekologik protsedurani o'tkazdi Bethesda dengiz kasalxonasi,[109] uning matbuot kotibi Meri Xoyt buni odatdagi shaxsiy ish deb ta'rifladi.[110]

Faollik

Karter markazi

Carters ketgandan keyin oq uy 1981 yilda Rozalin va Jimmi juda faol hayot kechirishni davom ettirdilar. 1982 yilda u asos solgan Karter markazi, oddiy, foyda keltirmaydigan asoslangan muassasa Atlanta, Jorjia. Carters 1961 yilda Gruziyaning Plains shahrida qurgan uyiga qaytib kelishdi. U Markazning Vasiylik kengashi a'zosi va Markazning ko'plab dasturlarida qatnashadi, ammo ruhiy salomatlik dasturiga alohida e'tibor beradi.[111] Karter va uning eri Oq uyni tark etgandan so'ng darhol jiddiy qarzga botdilar, ammo loyihalarni yozish orqali buni engillashtirdilar va o'zlarining daromadlari hisobiga Karter markazini ochishga muvaffaq bo'lishdi. U, xuddi undan oldingi Betti Ford singari, amerikaliklar erini tanlamay xato qilgan va saylovlarga achchiqlanishgan deb aytadi.[112] Bu vaqtda u noroziligini bildirdi Ronald Reygan va hatto suhbatdoshga aytdi Mayk Uolles u mamlakatni buzayotgani haqida. Bu vaqtda u yugurib yurgani haqida mish-mishlar tarqaldi Gruziya gubernatori, u buni rad etdi va o'zining siyosiy ambitsiyasi yo'qligini aniq aytdi.[113] Taxminan yigirma yil o'tgach, nega undan keyin Jorjiya Senatiga nomzod bo'lmagani haqida so'rashganda Hillari Klinton yugurishni o'ylarkan, u "Men Vashingtonda, Jimmi bilan Jorjiyada nima qilgan bo'lar edim?"[114]

Rosalynn va uning erining Carter Center bilan hamkorlik qilgan birinchi yirik loyihasi, tinchlikda yordam berish edi Isroil va uning qo'shnilari. Ikkalasi 1983 yil mart oyida Yaqin Sharqqa tashrif buyurgan va ular bilan ishlashgan Kennet V. Stein va Karter ma'muriyatining boshqa sheriklari ishtirok etishdi va qatnashish uchun turli shahar va mamlakatlarning yuqori darajadagi rahbarlarini taklif qildilar. Bunga quyidagilar kiradi Falastin jamoat, Iordaniya, Suriya va Misr.[115]1986 yil yozining boshlarida u va eri Chikagoning shimoliy va g'arbiy tomonlarida uylar qurishda yordam berish orqali kambag'allarga yordam berishdi.[116] Ikkala odam uchun Habitat for Humanities a'zolari bo'sh joyda uylar qurish uchun bir hafta davomida bolg'a va arra bilan yurganlarida hamrohlik qilishdi.[117][118] Karters 1991 yilda o'zlarini va Karter markazini, prezident bo'lgan davrda Yaqin Sharqdagi bevosita ishtirok etishdan olib tashladilar Jorj H. V. Bush va davlat kotibi Jeyms Beyker yanada faollashdi. Biroq, ular 1993 yilda imzolangan Oslo tinchlik kelishuvini kuzatdilar, bu Prezident va Davlat kotibining falastinliklarni va shu bilan bog'liq boshqa tomonlarni konferentsiyada olib kelishidan kelib chiqqan edi. Madrid.[119]

Ruhiy salomatlikni himoya qilish

Karter birinchi xonimlar safiga qo'shildi (chapdan o'ngga) Nensi Reygan, Lady Bird Jonson, Hillari Klinton, Karter, Betti Ford va Barbara Bush National Garden Gala-da: 1994 yilda Amerikaning birinchi xonimlariga hurmat

Rosalynn Carter "Carter Center" ruhiy salomatlik bo'yicha maxsus guruhning raisi, mutaxassislar, iste'molchilar va advokatlar maslahat kengashi tomonidan tashkil etilgan. ruhiy salomatlik sohasi. U har yili ruhiy salomatlik siyosatiga bag'ishlangan Rosalynn Carter simpoziumiga mezbonlik qiladi.

1984 yil aprel oyida u faxriy a'zosi bo'ldi Amerika psixiatriya assotsiatsiyasi va Milliy ruhiy salomatlik assotsiatsiyasining kengashi a'zosi bo'lib xizmat qiladi. 1985 yilda u Rozalin Karterning ruhiy salomatlik siyosati bo'yicha simpoziumini boshladi. Ishga tushirish va undan tushgan mablag'lar ruhiy salomatlik tashkilotlari vakillariga birlashishga va taniqli masalalarda hamkorlik qilishga imkon berdi.[120] Simpoziumning muvaffaqiyati 1991 yilda "Ruhiy salomatlik" dasturini yaratishga olib keldi. Karter o'sha yili Simpozium va boshqa ruhiy salomatlik dasturlariga rahbarlik qilish uchun "Ruhiy salomatlik bo'yicha maxsus guruh" ni tashkil etdi.[121] Rosalynn 1992 yilda ruhiy salomatlik bo'yicha Xalqaro etakchi ayollarning raisi bo'ldi.[122] Uch yildan so'ng, u Rosalynn Carter Mental Georgia sog'liqni saqlash forumi nomi bilan taqdirlandi.[123]

Ruhiy salomatlik bo'yicha jurnalistika bo'yicha Rosalynn Carter stipendiyalari stipendiya beradi jurnalistlar bilan bog'liq mavzular bo'yicha hisobot berish ruhiy salomatlik yoki ruhiy kasalliklar. Bir yillik do'stlik jamoatchilikni ruhiy salomatlik muammolari to'g'risida xabardorligini oshirishga, shuningdek ular bilan bog'liq isnodlarni yo'q qilishga intiladi.[124] 2004 yil sentyabr oyida Karter Karter markazida sakkizinchi yillik ruhiy salomatlik bo'yicha jurnalistika bo'yicha Rosalynn Carter stipendiyalarini qabul qiluvchilar bilan uchrashdi.[125]

2007 yilda Rosalynn Karter AQShning bir martalik senatorining o'g'li Devid Uellstoun bilan qo'shildi Pol Uellston itarishda Kongress ruhiy salomatlikni sug'urtalashga oid qonunchilikni qabul qilish.[126] U va Vellstoun o'tib ketish uchun harakat qilishdi Pol Wellstone va Pete Domenici ruhiy salomatlik tengligi va giyohvandlik tengligi to'g'risidagi qonun 2008 y siyosat qamrovning ikkala turini o'z ichiga oladigan bo'lsa, bu ruhiy va jismoniy kasalliklarni teng qamrab olishni talab qiladi. Va ikkalasi ham 2007 yil iyul oyida qonun loyihasi bo'yicha Vakillar palatasi qo'mitasida guvohlik berishdi.[126]

Paritetni talab qiladigan qonunchilik tibbiy sug'urta davolash uchun qamrov ruhiy kasalliklar pirovardida 2008 yil oktyabrida qabul qilindi va imzolandi.[127]

Rosalynn Carter Care-Care instituti

Rosalynn Carter - Rosalynn Carter Caregiving Institute (RCI) direktorlar kengashining prezidenti. Jorjiya janubi-g'arbiy davlat universiteti, uning olma mater Amerika, Jorjiya. 1987 yilda tashkil etilgan RCI bilan bog'liq muammolarni hal qilishga qaratilgan parvarish qilish Amerikada va xalqaro miqyosda. Institut o'z ishini ham oilaviy, ham professionalga yo'naltiradi tarbiyachilar bilan yashaydigan shaxslar uchun surunkali kasallik va nogironlik, bilan bog'liq cheklovlar qarish va umr bo'yi boshqa sog'liq muammolari. Bu jamoat sharoitida parvarish qiluvchilar uchun dalillarga asoslangan dasturlar va tadbirlarni amalga oshirishni qo'llab-quvvatlash orqali ilm-fanni parvarish qiluvchilar uchun amalda qo'llashda katta rol o'ynaydi.[128] 2004 yil iyun oyida "Rosalynn Carter Institute" ning g'amxo'rlik qiluvchilarning tantanali bayrami Simfonik zalida bo'lib o'tdi va g'oliblarni taqdirlash uchun bronza medallarini taqdim etgan Karter ishtirok etdi.[129]

Ayollar va bolalar uchun targ'ibot

1988 yilda Rosalynn Carter yana uchta sobiq bilan yig'ilgan birinchi xonimlar —Betti Ford, Lady Bird Jonson va Pat Nikson - "Ayollar va Konstitutsiya" konferentsiyasida Karter markazi ushbu hujjatning ayollarga ta'sirini baholash. Konferentsiyada barcha 50 ta davlat va 10 ta xorijiy mamlakatlardan 150 dan ortiq ma'ruzachilar va 1500 ishtirokchilar qatnashdilar. Konferentsiya targ'ib qilish uchun mo'ljallangan edi xabardorlik kuni jinsiy tengsizlik boshqa mamlakatlarda va Amerikada unga qarshi kurash.[130]

U Karter markazining Atlantadagi loyihasi (TAP) ning Siyosiy maslahat kengashida ishlagan va u bilan bog'liq ijtimoiy muammolarni hal qilgan. qashshoqlik va hayot sifati Umumshahar.

1991 yilda u o'z faoliyatini boshladi Ikki yoshga to'lgan har bir bola, erta bolalikni ko'paytirishga qaratilgan umummilliy kampaniya emlashlar bilan birga Betti Bamperlar, AQSh sobiq senatorining rafiqasi Deyl Bamperlari ning Arkanzas. Rosalynn Carter tashkilot prezidenti va bamperlar vitse-prezident sifatida ishlaydi. Kampaniyaning boshlanishi qizamiq qayta tiklanganidan keyin 150 ga yaqin odamning o'limiga javob bo'ldi.[131]

U shuningdek maslahatchilar kengashida ishlaydi Insoniyat uchun yashash muhiti va har ikkalasi ham muhtojlarni uy-joy bilan ta'minlashga qaratilgan loyihaning o'zaro aloqalari faxriy kafedrasi sifatida. Bundan tashqari, u a dikon u va erining Plains Baptist cherkovida.[132]

Boshqa tadbirlar

Ishdan ketganidan ko'p o'tmay, Karter imzoladi Xyuton Mifflin uning tarjimai holini yozish uchun. Karterning xotirasi, Oddiy ayolning birinchi xonimi, 1984 yilda chiqarilgan. Mark Updegrove o'zining va uning erining xotiralari haqida yozgan Iymonni saqlash: Prezident haqida xotiralar, "bank hisob raqamini va ularning mualliflarining ruhini oshirishda" muvaffaqiyat qozondi.[133] Karterning avtobiografiyadagi ishi eri tomonidan 1981 yil mart oyida bo'lib o'tgan intervyusida qayd etilgan bo'lib, u tarkibni nima ekanligini oshkor qilmasdan "qisqa vaqt ichida kitobdan boshlashni" aytgan.[134]

Oq uydan tashqarida bo'lgan Carters davrining boshida Rosalynn yo'qotishga nisbatan achchiq his-tuyg'ularini saqlab qoldi va uning prezidentligi paytida tanlagan yaxshi tanloviga qaramay, erini qanday qilib qayta saylab bo'lmasligiga ishonchini shubha ostiga qo'ydi.[133]1984 yilgi intervyusida Karterdan uning fikrlari haqida so'rashdi 1984 yil Prezident saylovi Demokratik chiptadagi vitse-prezidentlikka nomzod ayol uchun to'g'ri vaqt bo'lganiga ishonch yo'qligini va demokratlar uchun eng muhimi, Reyganga qarshi g'alaba qozonishi kerakligini aytdi. Karter, shuningdek, erining ketma-ket ikkinchi muddatga saylanishini tilab qoldi.[135] She knew in her heart that her husband would not seek a non-consecutive term and went into depression in the early weeks of the retirement, Jimmy's attempts at portraying an artificial happiness straining the relationship due to him seeming to not understand her reasons for being disappointed in their current state of affairs.[133]

Throughout the 1980s, Carter developed a pattern of giving speeches to audiences on the subject of caring for caregivers, Carter reflecting that members of the audience "came up to me crying, saying that this was the first time someone understood what they were going through."[136]

After the October 1981 assassination of Anvar Sadat,[137] the Carters contacted his wife Jehan Sadat and traveled with former presidents Nixon and Ford to represent the United States at his funeral.[138] The Carters visited Jehan, who Rosalynn pledged to stay with during the funeral.[139] Later that month, the Carters attended the National Mental Health Association's gala dinner dance, their first visit to D.C. since leaving the White House. Rosalynn presented former Nyu-York gubernatori W. Averell Harriman with an award during the event.[140] In December, Carter released a statement on the death of her personal secretary Rita Regina Merthan.[141]

In October 1982, Carter attended the funeral of Bess Truman yilda Missuri, Mustaqillik.[142][143]

In March 1983, the Carters traveled through the Middle East.[144] In late 1983, Carter visited her ailing mother-in-law Lillian Karter at Americus-Sumter County Hospital, and was by her bedside when she died,[145] attending her funeral days later.[146]

In October 1985, the Carters traveled to Nepal for a thirteen-day vacation in the Himoloy qirolligi.[147]

In July 1986, Rosalynn traveled with her husband to Chikago, Illinoys for a weekend assisting with construction projects for Habitat for Humanity.[148] In October, the Carters gave President Reagan and his wife Nensi a tour of the Jimmi Karter kutubxonasi va muzeyi.[149]

In March 1988, Carter attended a hearing on mental health by the House Select Committee on Aging. She criticized that ten years after a presidential commission found that 10% of Americans needed some form of mental health care, "most who were underserved at that time are still underserved in 1988."[150] Later that month, the Carters traveled to Nigeriya for discussions with officials on disease control and rural development projects.[151]

Carter attended the November 4, 1991 dedication of the Ronald Reygan nomidagi Prezident kutubxonasi va muzeyi.[152]

In September 1993, the Carters returned to the White House for a ceremony promoting the Shimoliy Amerika erkin savdo shartnomasi ertasi kuni.[153]

In August 1994, the Carters organized a Habitat for Humanity crew for the rebuilding of the house of family friend Annie Mae after it had been destroyed in a flood the previous month.[154]

2000-yillar

On December 4, 2001, Carter delivered a speech to the National Press Club.[155]

In January 2003, Carter attended the benefit for the 20th anniversary celebration of the Betty Ford Center in Indian-Uells, Kaliforniya.[156]

During the June 5, 2004 christening of the USS Jimmi Karter yilda Groton, Konnektikut, Carter served as the ship sponsor and christened the ship with a bottle of champagne.[157] On October 11, 2004, Carter delivered the keynote address at the AAP National Conference & Exhibition, stating that she would favor medical school curricula requiring doctors to have the ability to recognize mental health symptoms and stressing the importance of recognizing symptoms in early childhood.[158]

In December 2006, Carter was ordained a deacon at the Maranatha Baptist Church.[159]

In January 2007, Rosalynn and her husband joined other First Ladies and Presidents in attending the funeral of Gerald Ford[160] and six months later, attended Lady Bird Jonson 's as well.[161] In a 2007 interview shortly before her 80th birthday, Carter said she would continue a full schedule despite wanting to curtail her schedule with the advancing of age and it had become a regularity for her to plan lowering her workload but failed to do so since she still did not "want to miss anything."[162]

In March 2009, Rosalynn and her husband met with Milliy xavfsizlik bo'yicha maslahatchi Jeyms L. Jons for a "general briefing".[163] Carter was present for the April 21, 2009 signing by President Barak Obama of the Edward M. Kennedy Serve America Act.[164]

2010 yil

Rosalynn Carter with former First Ladies Barbara Bush, Hillari Klinton va Laura Bush va Mishel Obama during the dedication of the George W. Bush Presidential Library and Museum on the campus of Southern Methodist University in Dallas, Texas, on April 25, 2013

In 2010, she criticized television crime dramas that portrayed mentally ill people as violent, when in fact they were more prone to being victims of crime.[165] On May 7, 2010, she attended the Mishel Obama -hosted Mother's Day Tea at the White House, and was joined by her granddaughter Sarah and infant great-granddaughter.[166] In June, the Carters cut the ribbon at the grand opening of the Best Western Plus Windsor Hotel in Amerika, Jorjiya.[167] On October 26, Carter appeared at a discussion panel at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Museum.[168]

On October 12, 2011, the Carters breakfasted at Poste Moderne Brasserie in Vashington, Kolumbiya, while the two were in town for the twentieth anniversary of Every Child by Two.[169] Vafotidan keyin Betti Ford on July 8, 2011, Carter delivered a eulogy during a memorial service.[170] Carter called her one who had the courage to speak the truth and fight stigmas surrounding illness and addiction, even calling her "a tireless advocate for those struggling."[171]

Carter attended a speech given by Georgia National Guard's Colonel Brent Bracewell in the morning hours of October 25, 2012.[172] Carter gave out the Georgia Paraprofessional Caregiver of the Year, Volunteer Caregiver of the Year, Family Caregiver of the Year, and an award with her namesake, the Rosalynn Carter Leadership in Caregiving Award later that day and expressed happiness in the amount of progress that had been made "since we started."[173]

Jimmy and Rosalynn Carter at The Carter Center, 2016

On April 25, 2013, Carter attended the dedication of the Jorj V.Bush prezident kutubxonasi va muzeyi with her husband and other former First Ladies and Presidents. In October 2013, Carter spoke about her confidence in the American people and her lack of confidence in the government on the issue of the income gap in the United States.[174] Carter had "one of the greatest disappointments" corrected when learning from Health and Human Services Secretary Ketlin Sebelius bu Obama administration had passed a mental health insurance rule.[175] She was "shaking" after learning about the government rules that required equal treatment for mental health upon hearing the announcement in November 2013.[176] She and her husband were saddened by the death of Nelson Mandela.[177]

In August 2015, Jimmy announced his cancer diagnosis, stating that it had spread throughout his body.[178] At the time of the announcement, Betty Pope, cousin of the former president, attested to Rosalynn's strength and voiced her belief that the former First Lady would remain committed to her husband.[96] Carter made her first public comments about the illness a month later in September, saying, "In spite of what's going on, it's been kind of wonderful just to know we have that kind of support, and also Jimmy's attitude is helping".[179] In November 2015, she and her husband traveled to Memfis, Tennesi where they assisted in construction for the town's Insoniyat uchun yashash muhiti sherik.[180][181]

In January 2016, Jimmy Carter confirmed that he was having regular treatments and said of Rosalynn at the time, "Her support has helped me through the last 69 years since we've been married in everything I've ever tried. Of course, when I was ill and thought I might die at any time, she was there for me."[182][183] Carter attended the March 11, 2016 funeral of Nensi Reygan da Ronald Reygan nomidagi Prezident kutubxonasi yilda Simi vodiysi, Kaliforniya.[184][185] In July 2016, Carter endorsed Proposition 62, which would abolish the death penalty in Kaliforniya, releasing a joint statement with her husband in support of the measure.[186] U ovoz berdi Berni Sanders in the Democratic presidential primary of that year. Carter differed from her husband in believing Russia had interfered with determining the results of the general election.[187]

O'limidan keyin Barbara Bush on April 17, 2018, Carter became the oldest living former First Lady. On October 17, 2019, she became the longest married former First Lady.[188]

Kitoblar

Rosalynn Carter has written five books:

  • Oddiy ayolning birinchi xonimi (autobiography), 1984, ISBN  1-55728-355-9
  • Nimaga erishish kerak bo'lsa: Qolgan umringizdan unumli foydalanish (with Jimmy Carter), 1987, ISBN  1-55728-388-5
  • O'zingizga yordam berish boshqalarga yordam berish: parvarish qiluvchilar uchun kitob (with Susan K. Golant), 1994, ISBN  0-8129-2591-2
  • Ruhiy kasalligi bo'lgan odamga yordam berish: oila, do'stlar va tarbiyachilar uchun rahmdil qo'llanma (with Susan K. Golant), 1998, ISBN  0-8129-2898-9
  • Within Our Reach: Ending the Mental Health Crisis (with Susan K. Golant and Kathryn E. Cade), 2010, ISBN  978-1-59486-881-8

Mukofotlar va sharaflar

Prezident Bill Klinton mukofotlaydi Prezidentning Ozodlik medali to Rosalynn and Jimmy Carter at the Carter Center, 1999

On October 5, 2002, Rosalynn Carter was inducted into the Milliy ayollar shon-sharaf zali yilda Seneka sharsharasi, Nyu York. She became only the third First Lady ever inducted into the Hall of Fame, joining Abigayl Adams va Eleanor Ruzvelt. (Hillari Klinton was inducted in 2005.)

In 1999, Rosalynn and Jimmy Carter received the Prezidentning Ozodlik medali, millatning eng yuqori fuqarolik sharafi.

Among Rosalynn's many other awards for service are:

Rosalynn Carter has received honorary degrees from the following institutions:

Rosalynn served as distinguished centennial lecturer at Agnes Skott kolleji yilda Dekatur, Gruziya, from 1988 to 1992. She has been a Distinguished Fellow at the Emori universiteti Kafedrasi Ayollar tadqiqotlari yilda Atlanta 1990 yildan beri.

Shuningdek qarang

Adabiyotlar

Iqtiboslar

Ushbu maqolaning qismlariga asoslangan jamoat mulki matn:

"Rosalynn Carter Biography". ibiblio.org.
  1. ^ a b O'Brayen, p. 253.
  2. ^ Carter, Rosalynn (1984), p. 3.
  3. ^ IN BRAZIL, A TOUCH OF JOHNNY REB 2019 yil 17-mayda olingan
  4. ^ Carter, Rosalynn (1984), p. 12.
  5. ^ Carter, Rosalynn (May 6, 2010). "Rosalynn Carter: Solving the Mental Crisis for Our Children". Huffington Post.
  6. ^ "Men qayerdanman". Atlanta. 2012 yil 1 fevral. Arxivlangan asl nusxasi 2014 yil 21 aprelda.
  7. ^ Carter, Rosalynn (1984), p. 17.
  8. ^ a b Godbold, p. 44.
  9. ^ Weldon, Michele (November 6, 2002). "Rosalynn Carter at peace with her work and herself A..." Chicago Tribune.
  10. ^ "Rosalynn Carter". geni_family_tree.
  11. ^ Wertheimer, p. 343.
  12. ^ a b Lindsay, p. 229.
  13. ^ Curry, Nan (August 13, 1971). "First Lady lauds Battey progress on mental aid". Rome News-Tribune.
  14. ^ PsychiatryLectures (September 25, 2011). "Rosalynn Carter on mental health policy 1982". Youtube.com.
  15. ^ Rosalynn Carter, Oddiy ayolning birinchi xonimi, Xyuton Mifflin Co., Boston, 1984: pp. 74–111
  16. ^ Godbold, p. 217.
  17. ^ Balmer, Randall (2014). Qutqaruvchi: Jimmi Karterning hayoti. Asosiy kitoblar. pp.94–95. ISBN  978-0465029587.
  18. ^ "Mrs. Carter Carries Campaign to Harlem". Nyu-York Tayms. March 26, 1976.
  19. ^ "Rosalynn Carter and John Wayne Gacy". Findery.
  20. ^ Gherman, p. 63.
  21. ^ Carter, Jimmy (2010), p. 89.
  22. ^ "Remarks Following a Meeting on the Transition With President-elect Carter. | The American Presidency Project". www.presidency.ucsb.edu.
  23. ^ Krietz, Andrew (April 8, 2014). "Former first lady Rosalynn Carter calls Betty Ford 'a role model,' touts their support for equal rights". mlive.com.
  24. ^ Rosalynn Carter, Oddiy ayolning birinchi xonimi, Xyuton Mifflin Co., Boston, 1984: p. 6, 148
  25. ^ a b v Kaufman, p. 119.
  26. ^ a b Carter, Rosalynn (1984), p. 185.
  27. ^ a b Gould, p. 389.
  28. ^ Rosalynn Carter, Oddiy ayolning birinchi xonimi, Xyuton Mifflin Co., Boston, 1984: pp. 143–300
  29. ^ Meeks, Scott (December 25, 2013). "History of White House Christmas trees". ABC 7.
  30. ^ Marton, p. 239.
  31. ^ Cohen, B.D. "Rosalynn Carter Pledges Help for District Hospital". Vashington Post.
  32. ^ Kolen, B.D. (October 26, 1978). "Rosalynn Carter Returns".
  33. ^ Lindsay, p. 230.
  34. ^ a b Gould, p. 387.
  35. ^ Caroli, p. 275.
  36. ^ Caroli, p. 277.
  37. ^ Watson, p. 57.
  38. ^ Ayres, Jr., B. Drummond (June 3, 1979). "THE IMPORTANCE OF BEING ROSALYNN". Nyu-York Tayms.
  39. ^ "Carter Selects Rafshoon to Take Long‐Range Message to the Public". Nyu-York Tayms. May 19, 1978.
  40. ^ "Inquiry Questions Rafshoon Tie". Nyu-York Tayms. 1978 yil 21-iyul.
  41. ^ "Mrs. Carter Says She Tells The President 'What I Think'". Nyu-York Tayms. March 10, 1977.
  42. ^ Wertheimer, p. 145.
  43. ^ "Rosalynn says husband is doing a 'great job'". Ellensburg Daily Record. October 12, 1977.
  44. ^ a b "Interview With the President and Mrs. Carter Question-and-Answer Session With Barbara Walters of the American Broadcasting Company. | The American Presidency Project". www.presidency.ucsb.edu.
  45. ^ Watson, Robert P. (2000). The Presidents' Wives: Reassessing the Office of First Lady. Lynne Rienner Publishers. p.29. ISBN  978-1555879488.
  46. ^ Borrelli, MaryAnne (2011). The Politics of the President's Wife. Texas A&M University Press. p. 125. ISBN  978-1603442855.
  47. ^ Curtis, Charlotte (June 23, 1983). "Criticism that still hurts Rosalynn Carter". Glasgow Herald.
  48. ^ Karter, Jimmi (2004). Yaxshi vaqtlar bilan bo'lishish. Simon va Shuster. pp.33–34. ISBN  978-0743270335.
  49. ^ "Mrs. Carter to Visit 7 Countries In Latin America Starting May 30". May 12, 1977.
  50. ^ Carter, Rosalynn (1984), p. 184.
  51. ^ Vidal, David (June 14, 1977). "Ambassador Rosalynn Carter". Nyu-York Tayms.
  52. ^ "Mrs. Carter Keeps Stress on Rights". Nyu-York Tayms. June 8, 1977.
  53. ^ Andelman, David A. (December 31, 1977). "Mrs. Carter and Brzezinski Hold Discussion With Polish Cardinal". Nyu-York Tayms.
  54. ^ "Mrs. Carter Attending Costa Rica Ceremony". Nyu-York Tayms. 1978 yil 8-may.
  55. ^ "Death of Pope Paul VI Statement by the President. | The American Presidency Project". www.presidency.ucsb.edu.
  56. ^ Burgess, John (November 10, 1979). "Mrs. Carter: Camp 'Overwhelming'".
  57. ^ Kaufman, p. 122.
  58. ^ Ronayne, p. 77.
  59. ^ Carter, Rosalynn (1984), p. 334.
  60. ^ Kamm, Henry (November 10, 1979). "Mrs. Carter Visits Thai Camp: 'It's Like Nothing I've Seen'". Nyu-York Tayms.
  61. ^ "Birinchi xonimlarimiz haqida ko'pchilikka ma'lum bo'lmagan faktlar". Firstladies.org. Olingan 7 iyul, 2015.
  62. ^ Uolsh, Kennet T. (2003). "Ilova". Air Force One: A History of the Presidents and Their Planes. Hyperion. pp. 227. ISBN  1-4013-0004-9.
  63. ^ Thomas, Helen (March 13, 1977). "Rosalynn Carter: 'Awesome' Home". Vashington Post.
  64. ^ "Mrs. Carter Hires Wife OF Campaign Director". Nyu-York Tayms. 1979 yil 16-avgust.
  65. ^ Gamarekian, Barbara (April 13, 1984). "A FORMER FIRST LADY RETURNS TO CITY SHE LOVES". Nyu-York Tayms.
  66. ^ "Mrs. Carter Cool and Intense On Day of Triumph for Her, Too". Nyu-York Tayms. January 21, 1977.
  67. ^ MacPherson, Myra (January 19, 1977). "Indiana Ratifies the ERA - With Rosalynn Carter's Aid". Vashington Post.
  68. ^ "Rosalynn Carter's Southern Feminism". TCU Magazine.
  69. ^ "First Ladies: Rosalynn Carter". www.classroomhelp.com.
  70. ^ Duella, Georgia (January 13, 1977). "Something New, Something Old For Sentimental Rosalynn Carter". Nyu-York Tayms.
  71. ^ "ROSALYNN'S AGENDA IN THE WHITE HOUSE". The New York Times. March 20, 1977.
  72. ^ "Rosalynn Carter". kansaspress.ku.edu.
  73. ^ Klemesrud, Judy (April 27, 1979). "Rosalynn Carter, in Speech to Communicators, Makes Strong Feminist Appeal". Nyu-York Tayms.
  74. ^ Allis, Sem (2009 yil 18-fevral). "4-bob: Shamolga suzib borish: cho'qqiga intilishdan mahrum bo'lish, yangi erkinlik topish". Boston Globe. Olingan 10 mart, 2009.
  75. ^ Karter, Jimmi (2004). Yaxshi vaqtlar bilan bo'lishish. Simon va Shuster. p.473. ISBN  978-0743270335.
  76. ^ Mondale, Walter. The Good Fight: A Life in Liberal Politics. Skribner. p.268. ISBN  978-1439158661.
  77. ^ Carter, Rosalynn (1984), p. 341.
  78. ^ "Remarks Accepting the Presidential Nomination at the 1980 Democratic National Convention in New York | The American Presidency Project". www.presidency.ucsb.edu.
  79. ^ "Rosalynn Carter said today that Sen. Edward Kennedy was..." UPI. 1984 yil 1-may.
  80. ^ Carter, Rosalynn (1984), p. 359.
  81. ^ "Remarks on the Outcome of the 1980 Presidential Election | The American Presidency Project". www.presidency.ucsb.edu.
  82. ^ "Rosalynn Carter looks ahead". UPI. November 19, 1980.
  83. ^ Caroli, p. 273.
  84. ^ Karter, Jimmi (1995). Iymonni saqlash: Prezident haqida xotiralar. Arkanzas universiteti matbuoti. 583-584 betlar. ISBN  978-1557283306.
  85. ^ "Meeting With President-Elect Ronald Reagan Remarks to Reporters Following the Meeting". Amerika prezidentligi loyihasi. November 20, 1980. I understand that Rosalynn and Nancy have had a good visit, too, and Mrs. Reagan has had a chance to look at the White House and the place where they will be living in the future.
  86. ^ "NOTES ON PEOPLE; Politics Isn't Any More Important Than Friendship". Nyu-York Tayms. February 17, 1981.
  87. ^ Gould, p. 390.
  88. ^ Rayan, p. 21.
  89. ^ Godbold, pp. 58-59.
  90. ^ A Full Life: Reflections at Ninety. Simon va Shuster. 2015. pp. 67–68. ISBN  978-1501115646.
  91. ^ Carter, Rosalynn (1984), p. 27.
  92. ^ Hambleton, Laura (May 6, 2013). "Jimmy Carter, now 88, on aging and health".
  93. ^ Karter, Jimmi (1975). Nega eng yaxshisi emas?. Nashvil: Broadman Press. p. 70. ISBN  0-8054-5582-5.
  94. ^ Carter, Rosalynn (1984), p. 4.
  95. ^ Godbold, p. 84.
  96. ^ a b "Jimmy Carter's Cancer Fight: Wife Rosalynn Is 'Scared' But 'Right There with Him," Friends and Family Say". 2015 yil 15-avgust.
  97. ^ Carter, Rosalynn (1984), p. 49.
  98. ^ a b "Rosalynn Carter". Odamlar. December 24, 1979.
  99. ^ Karter, Jimmi (2004). Yaxshi vaqtlar bilan bo'lishish. Simon va Shuster. p.44. ISBN  978-0743270335.
  100. ^ a b Carter, Rosalynn (1984), pp. 55-59.
  101. ^ Carter, Rosalynn (1984), pp. 65-66.
  102. ^ Guthrie, Julian (August 11, 2010). "Rosalynn Carter: Advocate for the mentally ill". SFGate.
  103. ^ "Mental Health Systems Legislation Message to the Congress Transmitting the Proposed Legislation. (May 15, 1979)".
  104. ^ Jimmy Carter (2005). Bizning xavf-xatarimiz: Amerikadagi axloqiy inqiroz. Simon va Shuster. 84– betlar. ISBN  978-0-7432-8457-8. My last book, Yaxshi vaqtlar bilan bo'lishish, is dedicated "to Mary Prince, whom we love and cherish." Mary is a wonderful black woman who, as a teenager visiting a small town, was falsely accused of murder and defended by an assigned lawyer whom she first met on the day of the trial, when he advised her to plead guilty, promising a light sentence. She got life imprisonment instead ... A reexamination of the evidence and trial proceedings by the original judge revealed that she was completely innocent, and she was granted a pardon.
  105. ^ Chabbott, Sophia (March 19, 2015). "The Residence: Meet the Women Behind Presidential Families Kennedy, Johnson, Carter". Glamour.com. Olingan 2 may, 2015. Rosalynn Carter, who believed Prince was wrongly convicted, secured a reprieve so Prince could join them in Washington. Prince was later granted a full pardon; to this day she occasionally babysits the Carters' grandkids.
  106. ^ Kate Andersen Brower (2015). The Residence: Inside the Private World of the White House. Harper Kollinz. ISBN  9780062305213. CHAPTER VII - Race and the Residence: ... Yet before the year 1970 had come to an end, Prince had been selected by Rosalynn Carter to care for her daughter at the governor's mansion. Mrs. Carter was convinced that the young woman had been unjustly convicted. “She was totally innocent,” Rosalynn Carter says. Forever loyal to their daughter's nanny, the Carters have practically adopted her as a member of their family. ... But Mrs. Carter was so confident in Prince's innocence that she wrote to the parole board and secured her a reprieve so that Amy's beloved nanny could work for them at the White House. Even more remarkably, the president had himself designated as Prince's parole officer. Ultimately, after a reexamination of her case, Prince was granted a full pardon.
  107. ^ "Mrs. Carter says she 'feels fine'". Chicago Tribune. April 30, 1977.
  108. ^ "New Attitudes Ushered In by Betty Ford". Nyu-York Tayms. 1987 yil 17 oktyabr.
  109. ^ Kleyborne, Uilyam. "Chip Carter Moving Out of White House". Vashington Post.
  110. ^ Cohn, Victor (August 16, 1977). "Rosalynn Carter Reported 'Fine' After Surgery".
  111. ^ "Rosalynn Carter Biography". Karter markazi.
  112. ^ O'Brayen, p. 256.
  113. ^ Carter, Jimmy (October 1998). Conversation with Carter. ISBN  9781555878016.
  114. ^ Marton, p. 243.
  115. ^ Carter, Jimmy (2008), p. 15.
  116. ^ "Carters to help build homes here". Chikago Sun Times. January 13, 1986. Archived from asl nusxasi 2014 yil 10 iyunda.
  117. ^ Brown, Mark (January 14, 1986). "Carters to build homes for poor here". Chikago Sun Times. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2014 yil 10 iyunda.
  118. ^ Weintraub, Larry (July 12, 1986). "A 'lot more' to do, builder Carter says". Chikago Sun Times. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2014 yil 10 iyunda.
  119. ^ Carter, Jimmy (2008), p. 17.
  120. ^ Levin, p. xix.
  121. ^ Coleman, p. 52.
  122. ^ "Biography of Rosalynn Carter". Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2016 yil 16 avgustda. Olingan 27 iyul, 2016.
  123. ^ Shnayder, p. 318.
  124. ^ Columbia Journalism Review, Noyabr / dekabr. 2007 yil
  125. ^ ""The Carter Center Awards 2004-2005 Rosalynn Carter Fellowships for Mental Health Journalism "". www.cartercenter.org.
  126. ^ a b "Former first lady joins fight for mental health coverage". Associated Press. 2007 yil 11-iyul. Arxivlangan asl nusxasi 2007 yil 28 sentyabrda. Olingan 17 iyul, 2007.
  127. ^ "Bailout marks last push for mental health bill". 2008 yil 2 oktyabr.
  128. ^ Rosalynn Carter Institute for Caregiving. Rci.gsw.edu. Retrieved on April 26, 2012.
  129. ^ Baust, Katherine (June 7, 2004). "Inaugural Rosalynn Carter event celebrates caregivers". EmoryReport.
  130. ^ Carter, Jimmy (2008), p. 233.
  131. ^ Szabo, Liz (November 14, 2011). "Former first lady Rosalynn Carter champions vaccines". USA Today.
  132. ^ Walker, Andrew (March 27, 2012). "Jimmy Carter Interviewed by Albert Mohler". Theird.org. The Institute on Religion & Democracy. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2012 yil 15 iyunda. Olingan 26 aprel, 2012.
  133. ^ a b v Updegrove, Mark (2006). Second Acts: Presidential Lives And Legacies After The White House. Lyons Press. pp.149–152. ISBN  978-1592289424.
  134. ^ McDowell, Edwin (March 24, 1981). "'NO PROBLEM' MACHINE POSES A PRESIDENTIAL PROBLEM". Nyu-York Tayms.
  135. ^ Thomas, Helen (April 25, 1984). "Rosalynn Carter: Bitter at 1980 loss: Wishes her husband would run again".
  136. ^ Snelling, Sherri (August 6, 2012). "Rosalynn Carter: A Pioneering Caregiving Advocate Says More Must Be Done". nextavenue.org.
  137. ^ "1981 Year in Review". UPI. 1981. Olingan 22 dekabr, 2012.
  138. ^ "OFFICIALS FROM AROUND THE WORLD ATTENDING SADAT'S FUNERAL". Nyu-York Tayms. October 10, 1981.
  139. ^ Karter, Jimmi (1995). Iymonni saqlash: Prezident haqida xotiralar. Arkanzas universiteti matbuoti. 275–277 betlar. ISBN  978-1557283306.
  140. ^ "Former President and Mrs. Jimmy Carter will mark their..." UPI. October 3, 1981.
  141. ^ "Rosalynn Carter's Secretary, Rita R. Merthan, Dead at 50". Nyu-York Tayms. December 5, 1981.
  142. ^ Sheppard, Jr., Nathaniel (October 22, 1982). "BESS TRUMAN RITES HELD IN MISSOURI". Nyu-York Tayms.
  143. ^ "Funeral Rites for Bess Truman Set for Tomorrow in Missouri". Nyu-York Tayms. 1982 yil 20 oktyabr.
  144. ^ Farrell, William E. "Carter Meets P.L.O. Officials in Egypt". Nyu-York Tayms.
  145. ^ "Lillian Carter, the beloved 'Miss Lillian' and matriarch of..." UPI. October 30, 1983.
  146. ^ "EULOGIST HAILS GOOD WORKS AT MRS. CARTER'S BURIAL PLAINS Ga., Nov. 1 (UPI) - Lillian Carter, the mother of former President Jimmy Carter, was buried today near her southwest Georgia home". UPI. 1983 yil 2-noyabr.
  147. ^ "Carters Begin Trek Toward A New Summit". Chicago Tribune. October 18, 1985.
  148. ^ Recktenwald, William (July 7, 1986). "Carter Takes A Look At Blueprints Of Hope". Chicago Tribune.
  149. ^ Thomas, Helen (October 1, 1986). "President Reagan and Jimmy Carter briefly put aside their..." UPI.
  150. ^ "Former first lady Rosalynn Carter and Ohio Gov. Richard..." UPI. 1988 yil 2 mart.
  151. ^ "Carter visits Nigeria". UPI. March 13, 1988.
  152. ^ Reinhold, Robert (November 5, 1991). "4 Presidents Join Reagan in Dedicating His Library". Nyu-York Tayms.
  153. ^ "Bush, Carter Stay the Night at White House". Los Anjeles Tayms. September 14, 1993.
  154. ^ "CARTER, HABITAT FOR HUMANITY COME TO AID OF FORMER NANNY". Buffalo yangiliklari. August 28, 1994.
  155. ^ "Remarks of Former First Lady Rosalynn Carter at the National Press Club, Washington, D.C." www.cartercenter.org.
  156. ^ "Ex-1st ladies honor Betty Ford Center". Chicago Tribune. January 19, 2003.
  157. ^ "Naval submarine Jimmy Carter christened". Kitsapsun.com. 2004 yil 6-iyun.
  158. ^ "Former first lady Rosalynn Carter shares passions for improving mental health care, immunization". AAP News & Journals Gateway. 2004 yil 1-dekabr.
  159. ^ "Rosalynn Carter ordained deacon". Chicago Tribune. 2007 yil 5-yanvar.
  160. ^ Swarns, Rachel L. (January 3, 2007). "Ford's Funeral Draws Array of Politicians and Dignitaries". The New York Times.
  161. ^ Shannon, Kelley (July 15, 2009). "Lady Bird Johnson laid to rest in Texas". Denver Post. Associated Press. Olingan 1 yanvar, 2014.
  162. ^ "Rosalynn Carter active at 80". UPI. 2007 yil 17-avgust.
  163. ^ "Carter meets with National Security Advisor". CNN. 2009 yil 18 mart.
  164. ^ "Obama signs national service legislation". CNN. 2009 yil 22 aprel.
  165. ^ "Rosalynn Carter pens new book on mental health". FOX31Online. 3-may, 2010 yil. Arxivlangan asl nusxasi 2014 yil 1 yanvarda.
  166. ^ Calmes, Jackie (May 8, 2010). "Mother's Day at the White House". The Caucus (blog). The New York Times.
  167. ^ "Former President Jimmy Carter Cut the Ribbon at the Grand Opening of the Historic Best Western Windsor Hotel in Americus, Georgia / June 2010". www.hotel-online.com.
  168. ^ "Rosalynn Carter tells Grand Rapids crowd stigma still preventing treatment of mental illness". mlive.com. 2010 yil 26 oktyabr.
  169. ^ "Hey, isn't that. . . ?: Jimmy and Rosalynn Carter". 2011 yil 12 oktyabr.
  170. ^ Slosson, Mary (July 11, 2011). "Michelle Obama to attend Ford service in California". Reuters.
  171. ^ Slosson, Mary (July 12, 2011). "Betty Ford remembered at California memorial service". Reuters.
  172. ^ Gallagher, Colby (October 25, 2012). "Rosalynn Carter attends care giving presentation". FOX31Online.
  173. ^ "Rosalynn Carter Institute honors caregivers". FOX31Online. 2012 yil 1-noyabr.
  174. ^ "Carter: Middle class today resembles past's poor". USA Today. 2013 yil 8 oktyabr.
  175. ^ DelReal, Jose (December 6, 2013). "Rosalynn Carter: W.H. fixes mental health gap". Politico.
  176. ^ Camia, Catalina (December 9, 2013). "Rosalynn Carter: Being first lady a 'great soap box'". USA Today.
  177. ^ "Statement from former President Jimmy Carter on Nelson Mandela's death". Atlanta jurnali konstitutsiyasi. 2013 yil 5-dekabr.
  178. ^ Pramuk, Jacob (August 12, 2015). "Sobiq prezident Jimmi Karter saraton kasalligini aniqladi". Nyu York: CNBC. Olingan 12 avgust, 2015.
  179. ^ "Rosalynn Carter gets emotional over Jimmy's cancer diagnosis". WSB-TV. 2015 yil 16 sentyabr.
  180. ^ "President Carter visits Memphis for Habitat for Humanity, promises to return next year". Memfis biznes jurnali. 2015 yil 2-noyabr.
  181. ^ "Jimmy, Rosalynn Carter Coming to Memphis for Habitat for Humanity Build". Memfis Daily News. 2015 yil 31 oktyabr.
  182. ^ Hensch, Mark (January 25, 2016). "Carter on cancer fight: 'I'm still taking treatments regularly'". Tepalik.
  183. ^ Seemayer, Zach (January 24, 2016). "EXCLUSIVE: Former President Jimmy Carter Says He's Not Cancer-Free: 'I'm Still Taking Treatments'". Bugungi oqshom.
  184. ^ Stanley, Alessandra (March 11, 2016). "At Nancy Reagan's Funeral, Honoring the Queen of a Republican Camelot". The New York Times. Olingan 21 may, 2016.
  185. ^ Colacello, Bob (March 17, 2016). "Nancy Reagan's Funeral: 'God Bless America,' White Roses, and a Red Adolfo Suit". Vanity Fair. Olingan 21 may, 2016.
  186. ^ Ulloa, Jazmine (July 30, 2016). "Jimmy and Rosalynn Carter express support for anti-death penalty proposition". Los Anjeles Tayms.
  187. ^ Manchester, Julia (2017 yil 22-oktabr). "Jimmi Karter: Rossiyaliklar Xillari Klintondan saylovlarni o'g'irlamadilar". Tepalik.
  188. ^ "First Lady Biography: Barbara Bush". Birinchi xonimlar milliy kutubxonasi. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2009 yil 3 martda. Olingan 5 dekabr, 2018.
  189. ^ "Jefferson Awards FoundationNational - Jefferson Awards Foundation". Jeffersonawards.org. Olingan 7 sentyabr, 2016.
  190. ^ Amerika tinchlik mukofoti. The American Peace Award. Retrieved on April 26, 2012.
  191. ^ "Carter, former first lady to get peace award". FOX31Online. 2009 yil 21 avgust.

Manbalar

Tashqi havolalar

Faxriy unvonlar
Oldingi
Hattie Cox		 First Lady of Georgia
1971–1975		Muvaffaqiyatli
Mary Busbee
Oldingi
Betti Ford		 Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlarining birinchi xonimi
1977–1981		Muvaffaqiyatli
Nensi Reygan